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Google:
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Bullmer: http://news.cnet.com/1606-2_3-26627.html
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Sun Tzu - If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of
a hundred battles.
If you know yourself but know not the enemy, for every victory gained you will alsosuffer a defeat.
If you know not the enemy or yourself, you will succumb in every battle.
Henry Ford Strategy to reduce costs. Note the contrasting strategy of General
Motors niche markets, frequent model changes.
Timeline Great depression, 2nd World war, reconstruction, oil crisis
Chandler: Strategy is the determination of the basic long term goals and objectives,
and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for
carrying out goals
Ansoff: divided management decision-making into three: strategic; administrative;
and operating
Quinn Emergent Strategy Development Strategy by implementation and learning
from partial commitments.
Omae Strategy is about achieving competitive advantage - the 3 Cs Company,
Customer, Competition
Mintzberg - Emergent strategy originates not in the mind of the strategist, but in the
interaction of the organization with its environment.
Ansoff: The contingency approach
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Uncertainty economic upheavel, terrorism
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Strategy Planning System
The cycle:
1. Planning guidelines Forecasts, assumptions & targets and directives
2. Draft business plans from different sections of the business
3. Discussion with corporate
4. Revised business plans
5. Aggregation of business plans to create corporate plan
6. Approval by board
7. Set targets and monitor
8. Performance Appraisal
9. Back to 1.
Why?
Gives structure to complex problems
Encourages long term view and encourages managers to question and challengereceived wisdom
Provides a means of co-ordination
Also aids: communication, monitoring progress, co-ordination of resources.
And: Provides pyschological benefits such as ownership and security
But:
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1. Intended strategy is implemented
2. Strategy does not come about in practice unworkable, environment changes,
uncooperative managers or workers
3. The strategy actually being implemented (different from 1) develops over time
rather than being planned up-front.
4. Monitoring progress
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