Strategic Challenges in the Energy Sector
Ecoefficiency and Sustainability
Leon GlicksmanBuilding Technology Program
MITFebruary 11,2008
Atmospheric CO2 ConcentrationCO2
280
300
320
340
360
380
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Year
CO
2 Con
c. (p
pmv)
Stabilization TriangleCurre
ntly projected path
Flat path
Historicalemissions
Easier CO2 target~850 ppm
Tougher CO2 target
~500 ppm
The Stabilization Triangle
OInterim Goal
Billion of Tons of Carbon Emitted per Year
14
7
1.9 0
21051955 2005 2055
U.S. Energy Flow 2004Traditional Solution Focus
DOE Energy Information Admin.
U.S. Energy Flow 2004Neglected Focus
DOE Energy Information Admin.
U.S. Energy Use28%
33%
39% Transportation
Industrial
Buildings
US Energy Consumption
U.S. Buildings
•39 % of total energy ( in UK 50 % )•67 % of electricity•90% of time spent indoors•Major health problems: indoor climate
Currently
projected path
Flat path
Historicalemissions
14 GtC/y
7 GtC/y
Seven “wedges”
Wedges
O
Billion of Tons of Carbon Emitted per Year
14
7
1.9 0
21051955 2005 2055
Fill the Stabilization Triangle with Seven Wedges
Energy Efficiency
Decarbonized Electricity
Fuel Displacement by Low-Carbon Electricity
Forests & Soils DecarbonizedFuels
StabilizationTriangle
2004 20547 GtC/y
14 GtC/y
MethaneManagement
Energy Efficient Buildings
• Building Efficiency is an Important Solution to Energy Problem
• Cost Effective when Done Properly• Requires Integrated Approach• Important Contributions
– New Technology– New Assessment Tools: Virtual Building
• Challenges in the future
China ~ 10 M new residence units/year!
ABU-DHABI MASDAR DEVELOPMENTGoal: Zero Carbon
Foster and Partners
2004 Residential End Uses
2004 Commercial Buildings End Use
2004 Commercial Buildings End Use
2004 Commercial Buildings End Use
Energy EfficientCopenhagen: Cooled only by
Natural Ventilation
Not very energy efficient
A More Recent MIT Solar House
… even more recent …
http://www.solardecathlon.org/homes_gallery.html#mit
Campus GHG Sources
• Building consumption 90%• Transportation (including commuting) 9.5%• Solid waste 0.5%• + Recent UROP study:
MIT air travel contributed 12- 22 % of MIT’s CO2 Emissions
Undergraduate Projects at MIT
MIT Building 18 at 5PM Steve Amanti
2AM
Student Campus Energy Project Grants
Campus Climate Awareness Project Wind Turbine Competition
Energy Mapping Project Revolving Door Behavioral Change Campaign
MIT Generator
Appliance Use Energy Audits and Case Studies
UA Campus Energy and Environment Pamphlet
http://mit.edu/mitei/news/student-fund.html
For the Campus Energy Initiative