Status of Coastal Aquaculture in Thailand
Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Bureau
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Thailand is the top ten countries for fishery production
- Export fish and fishery products
- Kitchen of the world
- Existence
Fishery and aquaculture production during 2000-2010 Quantity: 1,000 tonnes
Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
2,773.7
1,546.8
201.5
249.0
467.0 862.8 271.0
432.4
0.0
500.0
1,000.0
1,500.0
2,000.0
2,500.0
3,000.0
Marine capture
Inland Capture
Coastalaquaculture
Freshwateraquaculture
Quantity and value of exported fishery products during 2001-2010
Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
1,398,997.6
2,058,353.7 6,363.4
7,896.7
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Value (Million USD)
Quantity (Tonnes)
Quantity Value
Value of fishery products by main importing countries during 2001-2010
Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Value: Million USD
2,209.3 2,385.2
353.5
398.4
1,803.8
1,631.5
561.9
1,165.7
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
USA
ASEAN10
Japan
EU27
Key success for Thailand aquaculture development
• Suitable location • Diversity of species cultured • Several knowledge based on coastal aquaculture
• Appropriate cultured practices • Competence of farmers in breeding, nursing, culturing
and technology adaption • Competence of government and private sector in
aquaculture management to meet international standard
Thailand is bounded by the Gulf of Thailand on the east coast the Andaman Sea on the western coast Total coastline 2,815 km Eastern coastline 544 km South-eastern coastline 1,334 km South-western coastline 937 km
Coastal area 32,866.88 km2
(3,286,690 ha) 23 provinces along coastline
Coast of Thailand
Coastal aquaculture
Major commercial species: Shrimp - white shrimp - black tiger shrimp Fish - sea bass - grouper
Other commercial species: Fish - milkfish, cobia Mollusc - mussel, blood cockle, oyster Crab - mud crab - blue swimming crab
2002 : Expansion of white shrimp industry (Penaeus vannamei)
2006 until present : 97% of shrimp production is white shrimp
1972 : First breeding success of Penaeus monodon by Phuket Coastal Aquaculture Station, DOF
1985 : Marine shrimp culture grown steadily
Marine shrimp culture
Shrimp production during 2000-2010
Quantity: 1,000 tonnes
Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
304.59
2.41 5.21
551.99
309.80
554.40
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
Black tiger shrimpWhite shrimpTotal
Sea bass culture (Lates calcarifer)
• 1973: First success breeding of sea bass at National Coastal Aquaculture Institute (NICA), DOF
• Easy to breed, hatch and nurse • Easy to culture, can grow in various environment • Earthen pond and cage culture
Sea bass production during 2000-2010
Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Quantity: tonnes
7,752 8,004
11,032
12,230
13,588 14,219
15,524
12,366 12,814
14,818
16,480
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Epinephelus coioides , Epinephelus malabaricus, Cromileptes altivalis, E Epinephelus lanceolatus Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Plectropomus leopardus
• Difficult to breed, low survival rate • Easy to culture and mostly culture in cages • Good taste, good price for live fish
Grouper culture
Leopard grouper
Plectropomus leopardus (Bloch)
Giant grouper
Epinephelus lanceolatus
Potential commercially high value groupers
Tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
Grouper production during 2000-2010
Source: Thailand Department of Fisheries
Quantity: tonnes
1,332 1,443
1,170
2,338
3,574
2,582
3,036 2,981 3,105
2,996
3933
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other commercial marine finfish
Cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus)
Milkfish Chanos chanos
Spotted scat Scatophagus argus
Atlantic Tripletail Lobotes surinamensis
Short-bodied mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma
Other commercial species • Mollusc : Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) Oyster (Crassostrea belcheri) Mussel (Perna viridis) Abalone (Haliotis asinina) Spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata)
Other commercial species
• Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus
• Mud crab Scylla olivacea Scylla paramamosain
Direction of Aquaculture Development
Balance and Sustainability
International agreement
Food security
Food safety
Economic growth
Environmental sustainability
Aquaculture carrying capacity can be used to guide future aquaculture management and policy formulation
in Thailand
Aquaculture carrying capacity • Fish cage culture • Mollusc culture in coastal area
Environmental sustainability