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SSUSH2A & B
Development of the Colonial Economy and Society (The New England and Southern Colonies)
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Economic Development of the New England Colonies
• New England’s economy was greatly influenced
by a Puritan belief known as the Puritan Work
Ethic, which was based on the idea that God
commanded six days of work a week.
• Agriculture actually played a minor role in
Colonial times because the soil was too rocky
and thin to support many large farms.
• Clearing fields for farming involved removing
trees that produced lumber that was often
exported to England, where it was in short
supply due to their depleted forests.
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Economic Development of the New England Colonies
• However, fishing and whaling were actually
the main supporters of the regions economy.
• New England also had a few factories where
manufactured goods were produced, such as
the Saugus Iron Works near Boston.
• Water power was used as a source of
energy to run the equipment like the large
bellows that kept the wood fires burning .
• Some of the iron was shipped to England,
but most of it was used in colonial
blacksmith shops to make nails and tools .
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Economic Development of the New England Colonies
• Shipbuilding was another big industry
in New England.
• Large numbers of ships manufactured
in New England sailed the Trans-
Atlantic Trade Route creating a
prosperous region trade system.
• The Colonial shipping trade
followed certain, three way,
Triangular Trade Routes
Development of the Triangular Trade Routes
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Development of the Triangular Trade Routes
• Ships leaving the American
colonies carried manufactured
goods, such as tools and rum,
to the west coast of Africa.
• In Africa, these items were traded for slaves, gold, and pepper, which
were then shipped to the West Indies (Caribbean) .
The First Triangular Trade Route
• Then, in the West Indies, these items were traded for sugar and
molasses, which in turn were shipped to America and sold for a profit .
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Development of the Triangular Trade Routes
The Second Triangular Trade Route
• Ships from the American
colonies sailed to the
West Indies carrying
food products and lumber.
• These goods were traded
for fruit, sugar and
molasses and shipped to
England.
• Then, these goods were traded in England for manufactured goods,
which were then carried to the American colonies and sold for a profit .
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Development of the Triangular Trade Routes
The Third Triangular Trade Route
• Ships from the American
colonies sailed to
Southern Europe
carrying lumber, fish,
meat, and grain.
• These goods were then
traded for fruit and wine
and shipped to England.
• Then, once again, these goods were traded in England for manufactured
goods, which were then carried to the American colonies and sold for a
profit .
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Development of the Triangular Trade Routes
• American traders did quite well for themselves using these trade routes
until the British developed an economic policy called Mercantilism.
• Mercantilism was designed to protect English industries from colonial
competition and caused interference with the colonial shipping trade .
• Economic problems arose in New
England when the Navigation Acts
were put into effect restricting
colonial shipping of certain goods.
• As a result, angry colonists in
Massachusetts and Rhode Island
burned British ships.
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Economic Development of the Southern Colonies
• Tobacco was the main crop grown in Virginia and most
of the Southern Colonies.
• Most southern farms were not large plantations since
they usually contained only about 200 acres.
• Southern farmers grew tobacco as a cash crop to make
it possible to buy the other things they really needed.
• Although tobacco farming was a very
labor intensive and long process, most
Virginia farmers would have only two
or three slaves
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Economic Development of the Southern Colonies
• The tobacco growing season started in January and
lasted until August.
• After the tobacco was
harvested, it was hung in
a tobacco barn to dry.
• After the tobacco
was dried, it would
be packaged in a
wooden barrel known
as a Hogshead.
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Economic Development of the Southern Colonies
• Once the Hogshead was full, it
would be taken to town where
an inspector would check the
tobacco for color and smell
• If the tobacco passed inspection,
the farmer would receive a tobacco
note with the type and weight of
the tobacco recorded on it.
• The farmer could then take
the tobacco note to a
merchant for credit towards
goods he wished to purchase.
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Economic Development of the Southern Colonies
• Other southern colonies made
attempts to grow:
Indigo
Rice
Cotton
• However, these crops proved to be much more costly and labor
intensive requiring them to be grown on much larger plantations.
• Obviously, the greater need for
labor on the plantations
facilitated the development of
the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade:
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Development of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
The Dominant Triangular Trade Route
• Ships from the American
colonies sailed to England
carrying sugar, tobacco, tea,
and cotton.
• These goods were traded for
textiles, gunpowder and rum
and carried to West Africa.
• In Africa, these items were traded
for slaves and carried to both the
West Indies (Caribbean) and the
American Colonies .
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Development of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
• In 1672, King Charles II granted a charter to
the Royal African Company to engage in the
slave trade.
• Between 1450-1870, an
estimated 10-12 milion
Africans were transported
across the Atlantic Ocean.
• The worst part of this terrible
journey across the Atlantic was
nick-named the Middle Passage.
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Development of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
• By 1705, Virginia had consolidated all its different
slave laws into one singe Slave Code.
• In 1712, South Carolina had followed Virginia’s
example and created their own slave law.
• Most of the early slave laws dealt with the status of children born from
slave parents in the American colonies.
• Maryland’s earliest slave law (in 1664), dictated that
any free-white woman that married a slave was to
serve her husbands master as long as he lived and
that any of their children were considered slaves.
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Development of Early Colonial Society
• Because of the wealth generated by
trade, Colonial America developed very
distinct social classes.
• In the south there was a rise of an elite
planter class, or gentry, mostly located
in coastal or tidewater areas where
there was easy access to shipping.
• Northern elites were mostly
wealthy merchants who lived
in cities and towns where they
gained prestige and power.
• While the Western Frontier and Colonial
Backcountry was settled by the smaller
yeoman farmers and former Indentured
Servants.