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Spice Up Your Immune System!Spice Up Your Immune Spice Up Your Immune System!System!Lisa Gaetke Ph.D., R.D.University of Kentucky Superfund Basic Research Program Community Outreach Core
Lisa Gaetke Ph.D., R.D.University of Kentucky Superfund Basic Research Program Community Outreach Core
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OutlineOutline
• Introduction to the Immune System• Herb vs. Spice: What is the
difference?• In depth look at herbs and spices• Taste Testing… mmmm!!!
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Help! They’re
attacking me!
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I’m fighting back with
food!
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HERBS and SPICESHERBS and SPICES
• Used for:TasteFood preservationFood sanitationVarietyGifts
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SPICESSPICES
“any of various pungent, aromatic plant substances, such as cinnamon or nutmeg, use to flavor foods or
beverages; or something that adds zest or flavor”- Webster’s Online
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Spices (cont.)Spices (cont.)
• Obtained from the roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, or bark
Can be woody or herbaceous plants
• Native to warm tropical climates
• Potent and strongly flavored Used in small amounts
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HERBSHERBS
“a plant whose stem does not produce woody, persistent tissue and generally dies back at the end of each growing
season” – Webster’s Online
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Herbs (cont.)Herbs (cont.)
• Obtained from the leaves of plants
• Used for both medicinal and culinary purposes
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Herbs (cont.)Herbs (cont.)
• Often used in larger amounts Flavor is not as concentrated
• Herbal supplements Not as good as the real thing
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What do herbs and spices What do herbs and spices have to do with my health or have to do with my health or
immune system?immune system?
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AntioxidantsAntioxidants
• Prevents bad things from forming inside of our bodies
Prevents oxidationPrevents/reverses free-radical formation
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Example of Free Radical Example of Free Radical FormationFormation
Cooking Oil
Oxygen, Light,
or Heat
Rancid Cooking
Oil
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SPICESSPICESSPICES
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CINNAMONCINNAMON
• One of the oldest spices known:Biblical times: use in anointing oilsAncient Rome: mourners burnt cinnamon in funeral pyres to cover scent of burning fleshLater Europe: status symbol– could only be obtained by the rich
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Cinnamon (cont.)Cinnamon (cont.)
• Varieties:Chinese: most common form in USCeylon: slightly sweeter and more difficult to find
• Forms:StickGround
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Health Benefits of CinnamonHealth Benefits of Cinnamon
• Antioxidant benefits:Heart: decreases inflammationDiabetes: improves ability to respond to insulin
• Food Preservation and SafetyGood preservativeDecreased growth of food-borne pathogens
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CUMINCUMIN
• Commonly used in Mexican/Tex-Mex and Middle Eastern/Indian Cuisine
• Key component of Curry Powder• Small seed
Whole and ground forms
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Cumin (cont.)Cumin (cont.)
• Native to Egypt• Historical Uses:
Biblical: used as a seasoning and to pay tithes to priestsAncient Egypt: culinary spice and ingredient used in mummificationAncient Greek: used by students to alter their complexion to trick their teachers
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Health benefits of CuminHealth benefits of Cumin
• Good source of iron• Benefits the Digestive System• May help defend against cancer
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BLACK PEPPERBLACK PEPPER
• Most popular of all spices• Available all year round• Variety of colors, each with
different spice characteristicsWhole and ground forms
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Black Pepper (cont.)Black Pepper (cont.)
• Historical Uses:Ancient Greece: valued as spice, a currency and an offering to the godsUsed to cover up “less-than-fresh” foodsCatalyzed much of the spice trade and exploration of various lands
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Health Benefits of PepperHealth Benefits of Pepper
• Digestion:Stimulates taste buds Promote stomach acid secretionDecreases the formation of intestinal gas
• Has antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties
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Health Benefits of Pepper Health Benefits of Pepper (cont.)(cont.)
The outer layer of peppercorn stimulates the breakdown of fat
cells– helping you stay slim, while giving you energy to burn!
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TURMERICTURMERIC
• Also called “Indian Saffron”because of its characteristic deep yellow color
• Native to southern India and Indonesia
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TurmericTurmeric
• Historical Uses:Used as a condiment, healing remedy, and textile dyeUsed in Indian and Chinese medical systems as an anti-inflammatory agent
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Health Benefits of TurmericHealth Benefits of Turmeric
• Anti-inflammatory effectsPotential help for inflammatory bowel diseasePotential relief for rheumatoid arthritis
• Potential benefit for cystic fibrosis patients
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Health Benefits of Turmeric Health Benefits of Turmeric (cont.)(cont.)
• Antioxidant Benefits:May reduce colon cancer and help the body destroy cancer cellsMay reduce the risk of developing childhood leukemia
• May improve liver function
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Health Benefits of Turmeric Health Benefits of Turmeric (cont.)(cont.)
• May decrease risk for diseases of the heart
• May provide protection against Alzheimer’s
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Health Benefits of Turmeric Health Benefits of Turmeric (cont.)(cont.)
• Excellent source of manganese and iron
• Good source of vitamin B6, fiber, and potassium
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CLOVESCLOVES
• Traditionally used for baked goods, ciders, main dishes, and soups
• History:200 BC: used as breath freshenersMiddle Ages: masked the flavor of poorly preserved food
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Health Benefits of ClovesHealth Benefits of Cloves
• Studied in Research:Prevention of toxicity from environmental pollutantsPrevention of digestive tract cancersPrevention of joint inflammation
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Health Benefits of Cloves Health Benefits of Cloves (cont.)(cont.)
• Mild anesthetic and anti-bacterial agent
Used in mouth wash and throat sprays
• Anti-inflammatory:Contains a variety of flavonoids
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Health Benefits of Cloves Health Benefits of Cloves (cont.)(cont.)
• Excellent source of manganese
• Good source of fiber, vitamin C, and omega 3-fatty acids
• Good source of calcium and magnesium
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GINGERGINGER
• Native to southeastern Asia• History:
Mentioned in ancient writingsPrized for aromatic, culinary, and medicinal properties
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Health Benefits of GingerHealth Benefits of Ginger
• Effective against intestinal distressHelps relieve gasHelps relieve motion sicknessHelpful in preventing nausea/vomiting of pregnancy
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Health Benefits of Ginger Health Benefits of Ginger (cont.)(cont.)
• Anti-inflammatory propertiesHelps against rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
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Health Benefits of Ginger Health Benefits of Ginger (cont.)(cont.)
• May help against colon cancer
• May promote immune system health
Can promote healthy sweating during colds and flu
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HERBSHERBSHERBS
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THYMETHYME
• Historical Uses:Ancient Egypt: embalming agentAncient Greece: used as incenseMedieval Times: symbol of courage and admirationAntiseptic mouthwash and topical treatment
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Health Benefits of ThymeHealth Benefits of Thyme
• Antioxidant benefitsContains several flavonoids
• Anti-microbial ActivityCan prevent food contaminationCan decontaminate contaminated foods!
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OREGANOOREGANO
• Common to Mediterranean Cuisine• Historical Uses:
Greek & Roman: Oregano was a symbol of joy and happinessUnknown in US until 20th century when GIs returning from Italy made it known
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Health Benefits of OreganoHealth Benefits of Oregano
• High Antioxidant Activity42x’s that of apples30x’s that of potatoes12x’s that of oranges4x’s that of blueberries
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Health Benefits of Oregano Health Benefits of Oregano (cont.)(cont.)
• Nutrient DenseVery good source of fiber, iron, and manganeseGood source of calcium, vitamin C, vitamin A, and omega 3-fatty acids
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Health Benefits of Oregano Health Benefits of Oregano (cont.)(cont.)
• Anti-bacterial propertiesResearch: In Mexico, more effective than prescription drugs against Giardia
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BASILBASIL
• Basil: means “royal” (Greek)
• History:India: cherished icon of hospitalityItaly: symbol of love
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Health Benefits of BasilHealth Benefits of Basil
• Good for your heart!High antioxidant properties
• Anti-inflammatoryHelp with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease
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Health Benefits of Basil (cont.)Health Benefits of Basil (cont.)
• Antibacterial PropertiesMay be effective against antibiotic resistant bacteria!
• Good source of vitamin A, potassium, and vitamin C
• Very Good Source of Iron and Calcium
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PARSLEYPARSLEY
• Most popular herb• Native to Mediterranean region of
Southern Europe• Types:
CurlyItalian Flat LeafHamburg
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Parsley (cont.)Parsley (cont.)
• History:Ancient Greece: sacred
adorned visitors of athletic contestsDecorated tombs of deceased
Garnish
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Health Benefits of ParsleyHealth Benefits of Parsley
• Cancer PreventionInhibit tumor cell growthHelp neutralize certain carcinogens
• Antioxidant properties
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Health Benefits of Parsley Health Benefits of Parsley (cont.)(cont.)
• Anti-inflammatory: May help against rheumatoid arthritis
• Excellent source of folic acid, beta-carotene, and vitamin C
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
• Herbs and SpicesProvide health benefits
Antioxidant Anti-inflammatoryAntibacterial/Anti-microbial
Add flavor and depth to foods
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
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University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Superfund Basic Research Program Superfund Basic Research Program
Community Outreach CoreCommunity Outreach CoreWebsiteWebsite
www.uky.edu/Research/Superfund/
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University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Superfund Basic Research Program Superfund Basic Research Program
Community Outreach CoreCommunity Outreach Core
Supported by NIEHS/NIH (ES 07380)