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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapespresentation outline
Pine&SwallowENVIRONMENTAL
Soil Design Strategies • Natural vs Blended • Simple vs Complex
Specifying Blended Soils • components • mix ratios vs use • specification controls
Teardrop Park • horticultural strategy • specifications
Robert Pine, PE, MLA, ASLA
![Page 2: Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes presentation outline Pine&Swallow ENVIRONMENTAL Soil Design Strategies Natural vs Blended Simple vs Complex Specifying](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5514ce7055034693478b4e2c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Blended Soils
Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes
Natural
Pine&Swallow
“Loam” Dealer
Limited Resource Mix of whatever came in that day
Controlled performance, Sustainable
Soil Design Strategies Natural vs Blended
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Simple vs Complex Landscapes
Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Soil Design Strategies Natural vs Blended
Tanglewood Teardrop Park
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Base Loam
Blended Soil
CompostCompost
SandSand
Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Specifying Blended Soils Components
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Specifying Blended Soils Components
Provides • silt and clay particles • stable organics • cation exchange capacity • natural soil biology
As percentage in a blend increases
• nutrient and water holding capacities ↑
• infiltration rate and aeration ↓
• resistance to compaction ↓
Note: Good quality topsoil is required for appropriate gradation, organics and soil biology.
Natural Topsoil
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Specifying Blended Soils Components
Provides
• structure • macropore space
As percentage in a blend increases
• aeration ↑ • infiltration rate ↑ • resistance to compaction ↑ • water holding capacity ↓ • nutrient holding capacity ↓
Note: Well graded sand reduces aeration, infiltration and resistance to compaction!
Uniform Coarse Sand
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Specifying Blended Soils Components
Provides • organic content • micro-organisms
As percentage in a blend increases
• water holding capacity ↑ • soil biology ↑ • resistance to compaction ↑ • resistance to anaerobic conditions ↓
Note: Immature compost creates bad soil biology and increased vulnerability to anaerobic conditions.
Mature Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
• Estimated Mix Ratio for each soil
• Grain Size Distribution
• Coefficient of Uniformity
• Organic Content
• Horticultural Requirements (CEC, pH,
nutrients, etc.)
• Compaction Range
• Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity at
maximum compaction
Primary Mix Design Specifications
Purpose
• define the soil blend • control soil properties
Specifying Blended Soils Specification Controls
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Specifying Blended Soils Specification Controls
• Testing and confirmation of base
materials: sand, loam, compost
• Testing to confirm mix ratios
• Batch production and testing prior
to delivery for quality control
• Handling and Placement procedures
• Control of wet soils
Primary Process Specifications
• Ensure quality control• Protect soil quality
Purpose
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Teardrop Park Horticultural Strategy
Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements
• Withstand heavy use • High infiltration rate
High Use Turf
Specifications
Mix Ratio * 3S : 1.5L : 1C
% passing 270 sieve 11 -14%
Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 4.5
Organic content 4 - 5%
Compaction 86 - 88%
Hydraulic conductivity > 4 inches/hr
* S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements
• Withstand moderate use
• Moderate infiltration rate • Reduced water requirements
Passive Use Lawn(not used at Teardrop Park)
Specifications
Mix Ratio * 2S : 1.5L : 1C
% passing 270 sieve 15 - 18%
Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 5.0
Organic content 4 - 6%
Compaction 84 - 86%
Hydraulic conductivity > 3 inches/hr
* S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements: • rooting zone for trees / shrubs • free draining • not vulnerable to anaerobics
Horticultural Subsoil
Specifications
Mix Ratio * 2S : 1L
% passing 270 sieve 14 - 18%
Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 6.0
Organic content 2 - 3%
Compaction 82 - 85%
Hydraulic conductivity > 2 inches/hr
* S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements: • recreate natural forest soil profile • encouraging shallow feeder roots • deep rooting in horticultural subsoil
Trees with understory no ground cover
Specifications
Mix Ratio * 2S : 1L : 3C
% passing 270 sieve 11 - 16%
Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 6.0
Organic content 9 - 11%
Compaction 84 - 86%
Hydraulic conductivity > 3 inches/hr
* S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements: • recreate natural forest soil profile • suitable for ground cover plants
Trees with understory with ground cover
Specifications
Mix Ratio * 2S : 1L : 2C
% passing 270 sieve 11 - 16%
Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 6.0
Organic content 6 - 9%
Compaction 86 - 88%
Hydraulic conductivity > 3 inches/hr
* S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements: • saturated conditions • support wetland plantings • high water holding capacity
Marsh Planting Soil
Specifications
Mix Ratio * 1S : 2C
% passing 270 sieve 8 - 12%
Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 4.5
Organic content 10 - 12%
Compaction 82 - 85%
Hydraulic conductivity > 4 inches/hr
Note: Medium Sand not Coarse
* S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements: • structural support for heavy boulders • horticultural support for plantings
Boulder Base Mix
Specifications
Mix Ratio:
1 part 1.5 to 2 inch crushed stone1 part tree soil mix
Placed beneath heavy bouldersand compacted thoroughly
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements: • provide long term stability • protection from erosion • tree horticultural support
Steep slopes
Specifications
Mix Ratio:
2 to 4 oz fibers per cubic footthoroughly mixed withplanting soil
Placed and compacted to normal compaction range for specified planting medium
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapes Pine&Swallow
Teardrop Park Specifications
Soil Requirements: • provide tree rooting volume • provide support for pavement • prevent settlements
Trees in paved areas
Specifications
Mix Ratio * 4S : 1L : 1C
% passing 270 sieve 7 - 9%
Uniformity ratio D70/D20 < 3
Organic content 2 - 3%
Compaction 92 - 94%
Hydraulic conductivity > 6 inches/hr
* S = Sand L = Base Loam C = Compost
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Specifying Soils for Complex Landscapesrecap
Pine&SwallowENVIRONMENTAL
Soil Design Strategies • Natural vs Blended • Simple vs Complex
Specifying Blended Soils • components • mix ratios vs use • specification controls
Teardrop Park • horticultural strategy • specifications
Robert Pine, PE, ASLA