Sound

Audio – All microphones convert sound waves into electrical

energy – the audio signals.

Microphones

A microphone (mic or mike) is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that converts

sound into an electrical signal.

Dynamic Microphone

The dynamic microphone is also known as a moving coil microphone, as this

describes how it changes sound into anelectrical signal.

Condenser MicrophoneThe condenser microphone

(also known as a capacitor microphone) employs an internal structure consisting

of a diaphragm-like front plate, a fixed back plate, and an electronic circuit to change sound into an electrical signal (Mic requires a power supply – phantom

power).

Condenser microphones are popular microphones because they are of high quality and clarity.

Microphone Pickup PatternThe Most Common Patterns:

1. Omnidirectional

1. Bidirectional

3. Cardioid

Microphone Pickup PatternOmnidirectional

Omnidirectional – Picks up sound equally well in any direction (nondirectional).

Microphone Pickup PatternBidirectional

Bidirectional – Picks up sound from the front and back of the microphone.

Microphone Pickup PatternCardioid

Cardioid – Picks up sound from one direction (unidirectional). Most broadcast

microphones are cardioid.

Microphone Pickup PatternHypercardioid & Supercardioid

A hyper-cardioid microphone is similar to a cardioid but with a tighter area of front sensitivity and a smaller lobe of rear sensitivity.

A super-cardioid microphone is similar to a hyper-cardioid, except there is more front pickup and less rear pickup.

Microphone Pickup PatternShotgun

Shotgun microphones are the most highly directional. They have small lobes of sensitivity to the left, right, and rear but are significantly less sensitive to the side and rear than other directional microphones

Film/TV/Video Microphones

• Boom Microphones:• When a production

requires that you keep the microphone out of camera range, a boom mic can pick up sound

over a fairly great distance while making it seem to come from

close up

Film/TV/Video Microphones

How to use the fishpole microphones:• Hold the fishpole from either above or below

the sound source• If you are recording two people talking to

each other, point the mic at whoever is speaking.

• If the actors speak while walking, walk with them at exactly the same speed, holding the mic in front of them during the entire take. Putting knowledge complete degree

Audio Equipment

• The XLR connector is an electrical connector design. XLR plugs and sockets are used mostly in professional audio.

• The initials "XLR" have nothing to do with the pinout of the connector. XLR connectors can have other numbers of pins besides three.

• The most common is the three-pin XLR3, used almost universally as a balanced audio connector for high quality microphones and connections between equipment.

Audio Equipment

The MDR-7506 is a large diaphragm foldable headphonedesigned for professional studio and live/broadcast applications.

Closed-Ear Design Comfort and reduction of external noise interference

Rugged Design Proven to be reliable in the toughest situations

Film/TV/Video Microphones

Lavalier Microphone (clip-on)A small mic that can be

clipped onto clothing.

Lavaliers are easy to use, but there are some points you need to consider:

• Make sure it does not rub against anything. • Loop and tape the cable or even make a loose knot

just below the clip to block unwanted pops and rubbing noises.

Film/TV/Video Microphones

• Hand Microphones:• Generally, because it is handled

so much, it must be rugged and capable of withstanding physical shock. And because it is often used extremely close to the sound source, it must be insensitive to plosives, clicks, and input overload distortion.

Film/TV/Video Microphones

Other Mics…• Headset Microphone• The headset microphone consists

of a small but good quality omni-mic attached to earphones.

• Boundary Microphone• Boundary mics have a wide,

hemispheric pickup pattern and are therefore well suited for large groups

Working With A Microphone:Mic-to-Mouth Distance – A good mic-to-mouth distance is about 6 inches (too close – may distort).

Mic-to-Mouth Position – Talking slightly off axis to the microphone.

Levels – Speak into the microphone so that proper volume levels can be set.

Mic Fright – Caused by: 1. Disliking one’s voice, 2. Fear of Failure, 3. Being Inexperienced, 4. Being Unprepared

Working With A Microphone:

Peak & In the Mud(High – Low)