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Lake Macquarie City Council
AWABA LANDFILL
WASTE AUDIT REPORT
May 2010
LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
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Mike Ritchie & Associates
ABN: 58 428 736 838
27 Barton Avenue
HABERFIELD NSW 2045
Australia
Tel: +61 408 663942
Lake Macquarie City Council
AWABA LANDFILL AUDIT
Author Elsie Nielsen
Checker Mike Ritchie Mike Ritchie
Approver Mike Ritchie Mike Ritchie
Report No 1
Date 24thOctober 2010
This report has been prepared for Lake Macquarie City
Council in accordance with the terms and conditions
of appointment for Awaba Landfill Audit Report 2010.
Mike Ritchie & Associates (ABN: 58 428 736 838)cannot
accept any responsibility for any use of or reliance on
the contents of this report by any third party.
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
CONTENTS
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. - 1 -
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 1
1. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 7
2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 10
3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Audit Methodology 11
3.1.1 Project inception meeting and OH&S induction ............................................... 11
3.1.2 Weighbridge - Data Gathering ............................................................................ 12
3.1.3 Visual Assessment .................................................................................................. 15
3.1.4 Data Matching ....................................................................................................... 18
3.1.5 Data Recording Limitations .................................................................................. 19
3.2 Data Analysis 19
4. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................. 22
4.1 Overall Results 22
4.1.1 Summary of the overall results .............................................................................. 22
4.1.2 Overall composition of the landfill waste stream by weight ............................ 22
4.1.3 Comparison of the composition of the landfill waste stream by weight ........ 23
4.2 LMCC Parks Waste 31
4.2.1 Summary of the LMCC parks waste results ......................................................... 31
4.2.2 Composition of the LMCC parks waste stream by weight ............................... 31
4.2.3 Composition of the LMCC parks litter bins waste by percentage .................. 31
4.3 Commercial and Industrial Waste 37
4.3.1 Summary of the C&I waste results ....................................................................... 37
4.3.2 Composition of the C&I waste stream by weight.............................................. 37
4.4 Construction and Demolition Waste 41
4.4.1 Summary of the C&D waste results ..................................................................... 41
4.4.2 Composition of the C&D waste stream by weight ............................................ 41
4.5 Self Hauled Waste 45
4.5.1 Summary of the self hauled waste results ........................................................... 45
4.5.2 Composition of the self hauled waste stream by weight ................................. 45
4.6 LMCC Bulk Hauled Waste 49
4.6.1 Summary of the LMCC bulk hauled waste results ............................................. 49
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
4.6.2 Composition of the LMCC bulk hauled waste stream by weight ................... 49
5. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 53
6. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................... 56
APPENDIX 1 WEIGHBRIDGE COLLECTION FORM ................................................................ 57
APPENDIX 2 TIPSITE COLLECTION FORM ............................................................................. 58
APPENDIX 3 - AWABA LANDFILL AUDIT OBSERVATIONS ...................................................... 59
APPENDIX 4 - DENSITY FACTORS ............................................................................................ 61
APPENDIX 5 ALLOCATION OF THE CONTENTS OF THE GARBAGE BAGS .......................... 62
APPENDIX 6 PHOTOS TAKEN ON SITE .................................................................................. 64
APPENDIX 7 LIMITATIONS OF THE METHOD ......................................................................... 67
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1
LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Lake Macquarie City Council (LMCC) is currently developing new, strategic and
flexible plans for waste management in the short, medium and long term. To assist in
its development, LMCC commissioned Anne Prince Consulting (APC) to undertake a
detailed audit of all waste arriving at the Awaba Waste Management Facility. Mike
Ritchie and Associates (MRA) were further commissioned to undertake the data
analysis and develop the final report for the Awaba Landfill Audit.
APC undertook the audit as specified in the NSW DECCW C&I Waste Audit
Methodology (2008) with a few minor modifications to the methodology. APC
conducted a visual assessment of almost every load, other than Council kerbside
domestic waste vehicles and fill that was delivered to the main tip face over three
days. This waste was classified into 40 categories, with the contents of all garbage
bags then allocated out across these categories.
Overall Results:
The overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill from the 272 loads audited
was calculated to equal 209.39 tonnes. Customers delivering to the landfill during
this audit period incurred a total charge of $22, 188.12. The top ten most significantmaterials found in the landfill waste stream were:
1.Vegetation and garden (13% or 27.12 tonnes)
2. Food and kitchen (11.4% or 23.81 tonnes)
3. Woodfurniture, painted wood (7.5% or 15.6 tonnes)
4. Rock, dirt and soil (7.3% or 15.36 tonnes)
5. Wooduntreated board (7.3% or 15.26 tonnes)
6. Plastics - Other (5.7% or 12.03 tonnes)
7. Concrete and cement (4.6% or 9.59 tonnes)8. Dry cardboard (4.2% or 8.76 tonnes)
9. Paperall other (3.9% or 8.8 tonnes)
10. Carpet and underlay (3.5% or 7.25 tonnes)
The overall weight of Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) material in the total waste
stream was 62.38% or 130.62 tonnes. The total component of packaging materials
was 7.50% or 15.69 tonnes. Figures are shown for the rest of the categories below:
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
Summary of the Overall Landfill Waste by Weight
Material AveragePercentage Tonnes
Vegetation / garden 13.0% 27.12
Food / Kitchen 11.4% 23.81
Wood - furniture, painted wood 7.5% 15.60
Rock/dirt/soil 7.3% 15.36
Wood - untreated board 7.3% 15.26
Plastic - other 5.7% 12.03
Concrete / cement 4.6% 9.59
Dry cardboard 4.2% 8.76
Paper - all other 3.9% 8.08
Carpet & underlay 3.5% 7.25
Wood - chipboard, MDF 3.4% 7.20
Cloth textiles 2.8% 5.91
Wood - treated board 2.2% 4.52Other items 2.1% 4.39
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc 2.1% 4.32
Metals - ferrous (steel) 2.0% 4.11
Bricks 1.9% 3.93
Mattresses 1.6% 3.37
Covered furniture 1.5% 3.22
Wet cardboard 1.3% 2.73
Plasterboard 1.3% 2.72
Computers / office equipment 1.2% 2.55
Plastic - film 1.1% 2.37Electrical/Electronic small 0.9% 1.96
Wood - pallets 0.9% 1.87
Paper - office 0.9% 1.83
Glass - plate 0.9% 1.78
Tiles 0.8% 1.72
Glass - containers 0.5% 1.01
Rubber other 0.4% 0.90
Metals - non-ferrous 0.4% 0.82
Electrical and electric whitegoods 0.4% 0.74
Textiles /leather other 0.3% 0.67
Hazardous / special 0.3% 0.66
Plastic - containers recyclable 0.2% 0.47
Plastic - Polystyrene foam 0.2% 0.35
Tyres, tubes 0.2% 0.35
Toner cartridges 0.0% 0.04
Waxed cardboard 0.0% 0.00
Asphalt 0.0% 0.00
Total 100.0% 209.39
Table 1:The overall composition of the landfill waste by weight
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
Waste
Stream
Loads
No.
Total
Tonnes
Percentage % of material in the stream
Vege
tation
&Green
Foo
d&Kitc
hen
Wood
F
urn
iture
&pa
inted
Woo
du
ntrea
tedboard
Woo
d-
trea
ted
Woo
dC
hipboard
,MDF
Roc
ks
Dirt&So
il
Paper-
Other
PaperO
ffice
Dry
Card
board
We
tCard
board
Plas
tics-
other
Metals
F
errous
Stee
l
ClothTex
tiles
C
arpe
t&Un
derlay
Tex
tilesl
ea
ther,o
ther
Con
cre
tean
dcemen
t%
Bric
ks
Plas
terboard
GlassP
late
Ele
ctrica
l&e
lec
tron
ic
Other
items
LMCC
Parks25 36.57 25.02 21.54 16.97 6.34 1.79 2.07 4.78 2.05 2.18 2.04
C&I 51 44.98 6.25 28.55 3.95 6.24 4.81 2.82 6.03 7.23 6.29 3.74
C&D 41 46.86 3.97 19.68 21.68 3.05 6.76 2.96 6.9 8.33 3.88 3.45
Self
Hauled142 30.86 20.73 5.27 6.98 3.96 5.15 4.22 6.36 5.67 3.74 6.02
LMCC
Bulk14 49.38 13.74 5.95 6.38 9.04 5.76 6.45 8.88 4.95 4.57 5.28
Table 2:Summary of the results of the top ten waste products for each stream by weight
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
LMCC Parks Waste:
The total amount of waste audited from the LMCC parks waste stream was 36.57
tonnes. LMCC parks customers delivering to the landfill during this audit period
incurred a total charge of $1,609.21. The top ten most significant materials found in
this stream were:
1.Vegetation and garden(25.02% or 9.22 tonnes)
2. Food and kitchen (21.54% or 7.94 tonnes)
3. Rock, dirt and soil (16.97% or 6.25 tonnes)
4. Paperall other (6.34% or 2.34 tonnes)
5. Plasticother (4.78% or 1.76 tonnes)
6. Bricks (2.18% or 0.80 tonnes)
7. Dry Cardboard (2.07% or 0.76 tonnes)
8. Concrete/cement (2.05% or 0.75 tonnes)9. Glass plate (2.04% or 0.75 tonnes)
10.Paperoffice (1.79% or 0.66 tonnes)
The weight of DOC materials made up a total of 63.48% or 23.39 tonnes of the parks
waste. The component of packaging materials was 6.08% or 2.24 tonnes.
Commercial and Industrial (C&I) Waste:
The overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill from the 51 C&I loads
audited was calculated to equal 44.98 tonnes. C&I customers delivering to thelandfill during this audit period incurred a total charge of $7,131.94. The top ten most
significant materials found in the waste C&I waste stream were:
1. Food and kitchen (28.55% or 12.94 tonnes)
2. Cloth textiles (7.23% or 3.27 tonnes)
3. Concrete and cement (6.29% or 2.85 tonnes)
4. Vegetation and garden (6.25% or 2.83 tonnes)
5. Paperall other (6.24% or 2.83 tonnes)
6. Plasticother (6.03% or 2.73 tonnes)7. Dry cardboard (4.81% or 2.18 tonnes)
8. Rock, dirt and soil (3.95% or 1.79 tonnes)
9. Other items (3.74% or 1.69 tonnes)
10. Wet cardboard (2.82% or 1.28 tonnes)
The weight of DOC material in the C&I stream made up a total of 65.9% or 29.86
tonnes. The component of packaging materials in this stream is far less at 11.58% or
5.25 tonnes.
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste:
The overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill from the 41 C&D loads
audited was calculated to equal 46.86 tonnes. C&D customers delivering to the
landfill during this audit period incurred a total charge of $9,757.37. The top ten most
significant materials found in the waste C&I waste stream were:
1. Wooduntreated board (21.68% or 10.17 tonnes)
2. Woodfurniture, painted wood (19.68% or 9.22 tonnes)
3. Concrete and cement (8.33% or 3.9 tonnes)
4. Carpet and underlay (6.9% or 3.24 tonnes)
5. Rock, dirt and soil (6.76% or 3.17 tonnes)
6. Vegetation and garden (3.97% or 1.86 tonnes)
7. Bricks (3.88% or 1.82 tonnes)
8. Plasterboard (3.45% or 1.62 tonnes)9. Woodchipboard, MDF (3.05% or 1.43 tonnes)
10. Plasticother (2.96% or 1.39 tonnes)
The weight of DOC material in the C&D stream made up a total of 64.54% or 30.26
tonnes. The component of packaging materials in this stream was 2.8% or 1.35
tonnes.
Self Hauled Waste:
The overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill from the 142 self hauledwaste loads audited was calculated to equal 30.86 tonnes. Self Haulage customers
delivering to the landfill during this audit period incurred a total charge of $4,229.60.
The top ten most significant materials found in the waste C&I waste stream were:
1. Vegetation and garden waste (20.73% or 6.41 tonnes)
2. Furniture and painted wood (6.98 % or 2.16 tonnes)
3. Dry cardboard (6.36% or 1.97 tonnes)
4. Concrete and cement (6.02% or 1.86 tonnes)
5. Other plastics (5.67% or 1.75 tonnes)6. Food and kitchen waste (5.27% or 1.63 tonnes)
7. Treated wood (5.15% or 1.59 tonnes)
8. Rock, dirt and soil (4.22% or 1.31 tonnes)
9.Wooduntreated board (3.96% or 1.22 tonnes)
10.Carpet and underlay (3.74% or 1.16 tonnes)
The weight of DOC material in the self hauled waste stream made up a total of
63.71% or 19.71 tonnes. The component of packaging materials in this stream was
8.11% or 2.51 tonnes.
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
LMCC Bulk Hauled Waste:
The overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill from the 14 LMCC bulk
hauled waste loads audited was calculated to equal 49.38 tonnes. There was no
charge for LMCC bulk hauled waste customers. The top ten most significant
materials found in the waste C&I waste stream were:
1. Vegetation and garden waste (13.74% or 6.79 tonnes)
2. Woodchipboard, MDF (9.04% or 4.47 tonnes)
3. Other plastics (8.88% or 4.39 tonnes)
4. Dry cardboard (6.45% or 3.19 tonnes)
5. Wood - untreated board (6.38% or 3.15 tonnes)
6. Furniture and painted wood (5.95% or 2.94 tonnes)
7. Rock, dirt and soil (5.76% or 2.84 tonnes)
8. Electrical and electronic televisions etc (5.28% or 2.61 tonnes)9. Metalsferrous steel (4.95% or 2.45 tonnes)
10. Textiles/leather other (4.57% or 2.26 tonnes)
The overall weight of DOC material in the LMCC bulk hauled stream up a total of
55.46% or 27.41 tonnes. The overall component of packaging materials in this stream
was 8.8% or 4.35 tonnes.
MRA recommends that LMCC could make significant savings and increase their
diversion rates considerably through the following:
Investigate the way in which Council staff collect and deliver waste to the
landfill. Efficiencies may be achieved by using fewer vehicles for the pick-up of
Council works waste.
Investigate the current capture and diversion programs and/or new or extra
diversion strategies for those waste products demonstrated as being significant
throughout this audit.
Consider reusing rocks, dirt and soil on other Council land to keep these
materials out of landfill.
Review the landfill pricing structure, which seems to be inconsistent across
material types.
Further review the landfill pricing structure relating to charity vehicles and
consider charging all charity vehicles a fee for tipping at the landfill.
Investigate their current recording methods at the landfill to try and develop a
more robust form of data collection.
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
1. BACKGROUND
Lake Macquarie City is a coastal local government area (LGA) situated in the Hunter
region of NSW, Australia. It is the fourth largest city in NSW, with a population of
nearly 200,000. The population is predicted to grow at around 0.6% per annum.
Lake Macquarie City Council (LMCC) provides a diverse range of waste services to
the community, including domestic waste kerbside and recycling collections,
specialised waste collections (sharps, oil, hazardous waste), Commercial and
Industrial (C&I) collection services, as well as maintaining key associated waste
infrastructure such as Awaba landfill and Teralba Worm Farm.
The Awaba landfill, operated by LMCC is a Department of Environment, Climate
Change and Water (DECCW) licensed solid waste landfill and is located on the
western side of Lake Macquarie, off Wilton Road, Awaba. The license permits waste
defined by the Australian Environment Protection Authority (EPA) guidelines as Solid
Waste Class 1, to be disposed at the site.
Waste arrives at the landfill from a variety of sources, including Council collection
vehicles, waste collection contractors, and self-haulage by businesses and residents.
Upon entering the Awaba Waste Management Facility, the waste is classified andcharged in accordance with the following categories: Mixed waste e.g.
Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste, organic garden waste, household
recyclables, special wastes e.g. Asbestos and clean fill.
The above waste categories incur varying fees in accordance with differing
environmental safeguards applicable to their management onsite. Table 1
summarises fees and charges at the Awaba site for the 2009-10 year. Source
separated loads of 100% household kerbside recyclable materials are not charged,
and go to the Reuse Centre. Mixed waste load fees are charged if recyclables are
co-mingled with other mixed wastes. Separated green waste is charged at a lower
rate to encourage source separation prior to arriving at the Awaba Waste
Management Facility.
LMCC has begun a process to develop an integrated Waste Strategy to manage
and implement new waste management services and facilities for Lake Macquarie,
using a holistic approach across all aspects of the waste hierarchy (consumption,
reuse, recycle, diversion and disposal).
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
The Waste Strategy Management Project requires high level analyses to address the
complex and interrelated issues of waste management practices, community
attitudes and potential solutions. Quantification of different waste materials
presenting at Awaba is one key to the development of an effective strategy. This
waste audit will assist waste options analysis and prioritisation of actions.
Table 1: Waste Fees for Awaba landfill extracted from Councils Pricing Policy 2009-10
Type ofWaste
Description Minimumcharge ($)
Price pertonne
Greenwaste
Garden Waste- Lawn Clippings- Prunings (Max. 300 mm Diameter, NoStumps)- Timber (excludes chemically treated,painted and man-made timbers andtimber with fittings, nail plates etcattached)
12.00 73.30
MixedWaste
12.00 160.00
SpecialWaste
For waste requiring special handling,including:-- Asbestos- Animals- Quarantine Waste- Offensive Waste
12.00 209.90
Clean fill Clean fill that can be used by Council foroperational purposes and subject to thefollowing criteria:-- Prior contact and approval with theAwaba Waste Facility Supervisor.- Quantities over 50 tonnes.- Suitability of material for operationalpurposes will be confirmed prior to delivery.- Evidence that material is free fromcontamination. (A contamination reportwill be required)
68.00
CharityandCommunityService
To be eligible the person or organisationdisposing of the waste must obtainapproval for the waste to be exemptedfrom the EPA levy. A copy of letterissued by the EPA, granting the exemptionand containing the approvalnumber must be given to the gatekeeper
0.00 0.00
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
General waste charges also include a $5.25 fee for tax invoice print for any loadspresenting at Awaba that request this service.
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
2. INTRODUCTION
Lake Macquarie City Council (LMCC) is currently developing new, strategic and
flexible plans for waste management in the short, medium and long term. The new
Waste Strategy will ensure LMCC meets the waste management needs and
expectations of the community in long-term financially, ecologically and socially
sustainable ways, as well as achieving NSW Avoidance and Resource Recovery
Strategy targets and reducing carbon liabilities from landfill.
The development of new waste management practices and facilities required an
analysis of current waste streams presenting at LMCCs Awaba landfill, so as toforecast waste volumes and types. Council collects information that is compiled on
a monthly basis regarding the volumes of different waste streams. These waste
streams include:
i) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
ii) Commercial and Industrial waste(C&I)
iii) Construction and Demolition waste (C&D)
iv) Parks and gardens waste
v) Bulk waste kerbside collectionsvi) Self-hauled residential waste streams
However, more detailed information was needed in order to develop appropriate
and effective diversion management practices and/or processing possibilities for
different waste types currently presenting at Awaba landfill. Subsequently, LMCC
commissioned Anne Prince Consulting (APC) to undertake a detailed audit of these
wastes arriving at the landfill over a period of 3 days.
Mike Ritchie and Associates (MRA) were further commissioned by Council toundertake an analysis of the data taken from the Awaba landfill audit completed
by APC. MRA was also commissioned to develop the final report for the Awaba
landfill audit.
The following report determines the material components of waste disposed at
Awaba landfill, as well as the degradable organic carbon packaging components
of the above waste streams. It also describes the characteristics of waste from LMCC
parks, LMCC bulk hauled, self hauled, C&D and C&I waste streams. This information
will help LMCC to make informed decisions around resource recovery for the future.
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Audit Methodology
LMCC specified a methodology consistent with the NSW Department of Environment,
Climate Change and Water (DECCW) C&I Waste Audit Methodology (2008) which
specifies how to undertake a visual assessment of mixed C&I waste. APC undertook
the audit as specified in the LMCC brief and NSW DECCW C&I Waste Audit
Methodology (2008) with a few minor modifications to the methodology to allow for
the difference in vehicle movements and type of waste expected at Awaba landfill
compared to a large metropolitan based landfill.
To determine the composition of all waste delivered to the site and to quantify the
C&I waste stream, APC conducted a visual assessment of almost every load, other
than Council kerbside domestic waste vehicles and fill, delivered to the main tip
face over three days.
The visual assessment was conducted over two weekdays and a Saturday from the
8-10th April. In addition an audit was conducted on the 15thApril to capture bulk
waste loads. The weather during the audit period was generally fine and warm.
There were no unusual disruptions to the operation of the tip face for the duration of
the audit, other than to clean up the tip face, which is a normal part of the
operations conducted once to twice a day to make room for new loads.
3.1.1 Project inception meeting and OH&S induction
A project inception meeting was held at 1.30pm on the 7th of April 2010 with thefollowing participants:
Rick Brindley, Waste Sites Coordinator (LMCC)
Steve Merrett, Waste Site Field Supervisor (LMCC)
Janelle Booth, Senior Consultant - Local Government (APC)
Matt Glendenning, Senior Waste Auditor (APC)
David Hitchcock, Lead Auditor (APC)
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
An OH&S site induction was carried out. APC provided all relevant insurances to Rick
Brindley. Steve Merrett took APC staff on a site tour and during the site visit APC was
introduced to relevant site staff including Arthur (Tip Face Supervisor), John
(Weighbridge Operator), Tony, Justin, Neil (other landfill staff) and the staff from the
Reuse Centre.
3.1.2 Weighbridge - Data Gathering
DECCW methodology required the following information to be collated and
recorded for each load at the weighbridge:
Date
Time of entry
Vehicle registration number
Type of vehicle
Estimated vehicle volume
Load classification - C&I, C&D or domestic
Geographic source of the load
Disposal point if other than tip face
Type of business where most waste was generated (if load is mixed)
Source by industry
Industry data was coded according to ANZSIC classifications as required in the
DECCW Guidelines. These codes are shown in the table below.
Sector ANZSIC Code
Manufacturing C
Retail Trade G
Accommodation, Cafes and Restaurants H
Property and Business Services L
Personal and Other Services Q
Shopping Centres G511
Office Waste N/A
Mixed SMEs N/A
Table 2:ANZSIC codes according to DECCW guidelines
APC had a staff member at the weighbridge to record all of this information and try
to determine the C&I type, for any distinctive loads the information was radioed
through the APC staff at the tip face.
APC anticipated a range of challenges in identifying the ANZSIC categories. For
example:
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LAKE MACQAURIE CITY COUNCIL
AWABA LANDFILL WASTE AUDIT REPORT
Mike Ritchie & Associates ABN: 58 428 736 838
1.There may only be a small number of samples presented from some of the
ANZSIC categories, this may mean that the sample sizes are too small to be
statistically representative of the entire ANZSIC category and caution should
be used with extrapolating the results.
2.For mixed C&I loads in a compactor truck that has collected from a wide
range of businesses it is difficult to determine the contents of the bags of
rubbish so auditors are dependent on information from the vehicle operator
3.There are similarities in the types of waste generated from some of the ANZSIC
categories of waste so they may not be able to be distinguished.
APC attempted to obtain information related to the ANZSIC categories. For many
mixed loads it was difficult to determine and some drivers were unclear on
information about their loads. Where possible the C&I category was recorded and
verified based on the composition at the tip face. Some categories were not
present at all. Prior to undertaking the audit APC suggested some slight
amendments to the proposed categories. A list of categories and rationale are
outlined in Table 2.
DECCW/LMCC
proposed
categories
ANZSIC
Code
Sub Category examples Issues
Manufacturing C All manufacturing
businesses
Retail Trade G Grocery, furniture,
homewares, vehicle,
clothing, personal,
recreational stores
Duplicates shopping
centres
Accommodation,
Cafes &
Restaurants
H Pubs, bars, cafes,
restaurants,
accommodation
Property and
Business Services
L Property, real estate
agents, legal services,
marketing, computer,
scientific machinery
hiring services
Predominantly office
waste therefore it is
included with that
category.
Personal and
Other Services
Q Interest groups, religious
groups, emergency
Unlikely to find
distinctive samples from
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services operating in
peoples houses i.e.
cleaners,
this category
Shopping Centres N/A As listed for retail trade
unless it needs to beprovided separately for
a specific reason and is
easily distinguishable as
baled waste.
Office Waste LKM Banks, financial investors,
superannuation,
accountants, insurance
companies, government
administration
Suggest that this
combine ANZSIC
categories LKM, which
are likely to present in a
similar compositionsMixed SMEs Not sure what this
would capture that isnt
proposed in the other
categories
Additional Categories Proposed:
Construction E Installation Trade Services
(i.e. electricians,
plumbers, carpenters)
Suggest that this
category is added
instead of Personal
and Other Services as it
is likely to be observed
at the landfill as
distinctive waste types.
Health and
Community
Services
O Hospitals, Veterinary,
Child Care, Medical and
Dental
Suggest that these
categories be added if
samples are identified
during the auditEducation N Schools, TAFE,
Table 3:ANZSIC Codes and issues identified by APC
Based on this, APC proposed a modified category list as shown in the table below.
In addition a charity category was added due to the large number of charity waste
loads observed.
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Sector ANZSIC Code
Manufacturing C
Construction E
Retail Trade (inc Shopping Centres) G
Accommodation, Cafes and Restaurants HOffice Waste (inc Property and Business
Services, Finance & Insurance, Government
Administration)
L, K, M
Categories to be added if samples are presented
Health & Community Services O
Education N
Charity
Table 4:Industry Sectors and ANZSIC Codes proposed by APC
A data collection form for the weighbridge developed by APC is provided in
Appendix 1.
LMCC provided a record, in excel format, of all vehicle movements which occurred
during the audit period for reconciliation with the weighbridge data collected and
the visual assessment undertaken. All Council vehicles on the weighbridge report
were recorded as asset numbers not registration numbers. To ensure consistency in
the records the asset numbers were translated into license plate numbers. The datafrom the gatehouse included net weight, vehicle type, vehicle registration number
and waste classification.
A photographic record of the types of vehicles entering the facility was developed
to assist as a quick and easy reference, to ensure that all incoming vehicles were
correctly identified.
During the audits general observations were also noted on particular areas or itemsof interest that took place whilst the auditors were working. This has been provided
with this report as Appendix 3.
3.1.3 Visual Assessment
The NSW DECCW Waste Audit Methodologies specify that the visual assessment must
be conducted on each load being discharged at the tip face and that such
observations will be recorded on approved data recording sheets. The material
categories as specified in the NSW DECCW Guidelines were used. An example of
the datasheet is contained in Appendix 2. Any other distinctive items or items found
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in significant quantities were also recorded and photos were taken of some of the
parks waste and charity waste loads (provided in Appendix 6).
As there were peak usage times at the tip face, where multiple vehicles were
unloading at the same time, APC provided two waste auditors to visually assesseach incoming load. As each load of waste was tipped, an estimate of the volume
of the load contents was made. To verify the estimation a number of loads were
measured. Where safe and practical to do so, the contents of the load were
monitored during discharge of the load. The tip operators were very obliging in
spreading the load for mixed C&I and some parks waste loads. They directed those
discharging loads to various areas of the tip face to ensure loads being audited
were not mixed with new loads. Additionally, some loads were spread by the Reuse
Centre operators who were rummaging through boxes and bags for valuable items.
This assisted in determining the contents of some smaller and self hauled loads.
To assist with correlation of the weighbridge information and the visual assessment,
the registration number, time and type of vehicle were recorded. All data were
recorded in a consistent manner as a percentage of volume of the load. As the
weighbridge was approximately 400m from the tip face there was approximately 2-8
minutes between the time a vehicle arrived at the weighbridge and tipped their
load. Additionally, some vehicles claimed to have green waste but their load may
have been contaminated so they were sent back to the tip face with a partial or
entire load. This may have created anomalies between the tipface and
weighbridge data.
LMCC requested that the minimum number of loads assessed visually for each
stream required was:
Commercial and Industrial: 30 loadsConstruction and Demolition: 10 loads
Self hauled residential waste: 20 loads
LMCC Bulk waste kerbside collections: 10 loads
LMCC Parks collections: 1 load
Based on the vehicle movements APC attempted to audit this proportion of loads.
The following issues/observations were noted:
a) Commercial and Industrial Waste:
There were very few mixed C&I loads. Anecdotally, it is suggested that this is
because the gate fee prices at Awaba are higher than the gate fee price at
Newcastle landfill. Each mixed C&I load that arrived during the audit period was
tipped to the side of the active face. It was then audited and then the entire load
was spread for further observation. The initial audit observations were then refined.
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There were a large number of smaller C&I loads that were recorded, of which a
small number were from retail, manufacturing businesses and accommodation.
However the majority were from various tradesmen. All of these were recorded to
exceed the required number of 30 loads.
b) Construction and Demolition Waste:
There were a large number of loads made up of C&D waste. Many were delivered
by self haul Do it Yourself (DIY) householders or tradesmen. In addition, there were
large commercial loads of C&D waste. The large commercial loads were primarily
from a school that was being demolished nearby. The company involved with the
demolition regularly use the Awaba landfill when they have jobs in the area,
however the composition would vary depending on the job. The large heavy loads
may influence the audit results.
c) Self Hauled Residential Waste:
Based on the preliminary gate figures provided prior to the audit, it was expected
that there would be a large number of self hauled residential loads. These loads
were generated from a wide variety of deceased estates being cleared out, spring
cleans, residents who missed their weekly garbage service, garden clear outs and
generally excess waste.
d) LMCC Bulk Waste:
Unfortunately the week of the audit was one of only two off weeks for Council
during the year where no bulk waste was being collected. One small missed
services load and one load that were cleared due to a Council maintenance works
being carried out were observed during the initial audit period. After speaking to
Debbie Cleary at LMCC, APC determined that an additional audit day should be
undertaken to capture the 10 bulk waste loads. 13 loads were analysed on the 15th
April 2010. As only 6 full loads are received each day, loads from the 14 April were
also tipped to the side of the tip face ready for observation when APC staff arrived
at 8.30am on the 15th April.
Generally the bulk waste is separated into green waste, metals and general waste
with three different collection vehicles. On busy roads only, the general waste
vehicle collects all of the material to reduce disruption to traffic and for the safety of
staff. The loads with a higher proportion of green waste were generally collected
from areas with major roads. There were two sizes of compactor collection vehicles
used. A smaller vehicle used for green waste collections is used to mop up the
general waste collections and delivered loads that APC also audited.
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e) LMCC Parks Waste:
Parks waste refers to any Council collection truck that contains non-domestic waste.
This included the public litter bins, Council commercial waste customers, illegal
dumping, litter and infirm wheel out services (known as blue dot services at LMCC).
The intention of the one parks collection was to capture the public litter bin
composition. The only Parks load that collects entirely public litter bin waste is on a
Sunday. Due to the timing of the audits, the Sunday that the run was undertaken
was Easter Sunday 4th April. The load from that run was tipped to the side of the
active tip face. The load was spread for further analysis.
Based on the composition observed and that it was a public holiday weekend and
good weather on the Sunday, the waste may have been atypical as there would
have been a larger number of picnickers than usual. It was observed that there
were a large number of very small loads delivered by Council utilities and tippers,
possibly from the park maintenance staff, road crews, rangers and other Council
operations. A community service crew, supervised by a Council staff member,
regularly tips illegally dumped waste and bagged litter that they have collected.
These loads were all recorded to assist council in their understanding of current
council and tip operations.
Seaweed, dredgings and other similar loads from Council operations that were put
to the side as fill were generally not recorded. As a general observation these loads
were largely free from contamination (i.e. 99% organic).
To undertake the audits, all staff participating were issued with Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) including gloves, overalls, high visibility safety vests, safety boots,
eye protection and sunscreen.
Equipment used to visually assess loads for auditing included:
Two way radios and mobile phonesPensCameraTape measure
3.1.4 Data Matching
In as far as it was possible, each individual audited load was matched with thecorresponding weighbridge record. This was done using registration numbers, timeand vehicle type.
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3.1.5 Data Recording Limitations
From time to time during the course of an audit a number of environmental and
other conditions can occur that limit the accuracy of the data being recorded. For
this particular audit these included:
Line of sight obstruction by plant, staff, customers, structures, topography and
other vehicles Dirty, damaged or obscured registration plates
The ambiguous nature of some vehicles and the contents of some loads The inability to safely approach some vehicles or loads to inspect them more
closely
As a result some data inconsistencies occur in relation to vehicle registration
numbers and the classification of the load. MRA deleted 40 loads from the record
where loads were either not classified or classified incorrectly.
Anomalies in weighbridge data may occur where vehicles do not go to the tippingarea but to other parts of the site such as the recycling areas or reuse area. These
were deleted from the data set.
3.2 Data Analysis
Mike Ritchie and Associates (MRA) were commissioned by LMCC to analyse the
data from the Awaba landfill audit undertaken by Anne Prince Consulting (APC).
APC provided data to MRA in a raw format on three separate excel sheets. The first
excel sheet was the raw weighbridge data, the second and third were of the
percentage of the volume for each material from each load obtained from auditor
Matt Glendenning and auditor Janelle Booth.
The data from Janelle and Matt were consolidated into one sheet. From there, the
data were collapsed so that all the less significant items that had been audited
separately (and that were not a part of the original brief for the audit) were put into
one category, known as other items. The average percentages were taken for the
whole load.
The tonnes for each material were calculated by multiplying each materials
percentage by the overall volume and then by its corresponding density factor
(assuming it was a medium compacted load) according to the Density Factors
proposed for the NSW C&I Audit table which was provided to MRA by LMCC in the
initial project brief. This table is provided as Appendix 4.
This table did not provide density factors for mattresses or toner cartridges. Thus, the
density factor for covered furniture was used for mattresses and the density factor
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for computers/office equipment/electrical and electronic items was used for toner
cartridges.
Once this was completed, the gross data sheet was then divided up into the 5
categories stipulated by LMCC. These included LMCC park waste, C&I, C&D, self
hauled waste and LMCC bulk hauled waste. A total of 40 loads of 272 (15%) were
removed from the total data set due to not being properly categorised during the
audit process or because they had insufficient information (i.e. no actual weights
were recorded for that particular vehicle). The 40 loads were Parks, C&I, C&D, self-
hauled, bulk waste loads and unclassified loads. There was no apparent common
features to which loads were inappropriately, or not, classified.
For each category the contents of the rubbish bags contained in a load were
extrapolated out into the various material categories. This was initially done by
multiplying the total volume of the bags of rubbish contained within a load using the
DECCWs average percentages of a C&I garbage bag taken from Commercial and
Industrial Waste in SydneyAn Overview (DECCW 2009). This information is provided
as Appendix 5.
The total weight (tonnes) for each waste material for each category was then able
to be calculated by multiplying the rest of the material percentages by the load
volume, and then by the corresponding density factor and adding it to the value
already calculated for the contents of the garbage bags. The data were then
plotted to show in graphs and tables the results of the Awaba landfill audit.
As specified by LMCC, the total Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) and total
packaging waste for each category was calculated.
To calculate the DOC component of each category the following streams were
added together:
Paper - office
Paper - other
Dry cardboard Wet Cardboard
Food/kitchen
Vegetation/garden
Woodpallets
Woodfurniture, painted wood
Woodchipboard MDF
Wooduntreated board
Woodtreated board
Carpet and underlay Cloth textiles
Textiles/leather other
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To calculate the packaging component of each category the following streams
were added together:
Dry cardboard
Wet cardboard
Waxed cardboard Glass containers
Plasticcontainers recyclable Plasticfilm
PlasticPolystyrene foam
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4. RESULTS
4.1 Overall Results
4.1.1 Summary of the overall results
Summary of the Overall Landfill Waste Audit Results
Number of Total Loads272
Total $ Dollars Charged $22,188.12
Total Load Volume (cubic metres)1,039.76
Total Weight (Tonnes)209.39
Table 6: Summary of the overall waste audit results
The table above shows that the overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill
from the 272 loads audited was calculated to equal a total of 209.39 tonnes.
Customers delivering to the landfill during this audit period incurred a total charge of
$22, 188.12. Landfilling 209.39 tonnes at the mixed load (shingle) rate of
$160/tonne equates to total landfill fees of $33,502. The variation is due to:
Council trucks not being charged for the waste deposited (a function of
weighbridge protocols)
Green waste charged at the rate at $73.70
4.1.2 Overall composition of the landfill waste stream by weight
Table 7, Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the makeup of the overall waste stream before
the contents of the garbage bags were allocated into waste categories. The
materials that contributed most to the weight of the total waste steam at this stage
were vegetation and garden waste, concrete/cement, rock/soil/dirt, painted wood
and furniture, dry cardboard, wooduntreated board, and other plastics. Garbage
bags made up a total of 6.5% or 14 tonnes of the overall waste stream.
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Table 8, Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the makeup of the overall waste stream after the
contents of the garbage bags were calculated and allocated into waste categories.
This saw a subsequent change in the most significant materials, which now consist of:
vegetation and garden waste, food and kitchen waste, painted wood and furniture,
rock, dirt and soil, wooduntreated board and other plastics.
The overall weight of Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) material that was found
to be disposed of at the landfill is quite significant, making up a total of 62.38% of the
weight or 130.62 tonnes of the total waste stream. The overall component of
packaging materials in this stream is at 7.50% or 15.69 tonnes.
4.1.3 Comparison of the composition of the landfill waste stream by weight
The data collected from the Awaba landfill audit was divided into five categories to
assist LMCC to gain a greater understanding of the various waste streams at Awabalandfill. These categories included LMCC parks waste, Commercial and Industrial
(C&I) waste, Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste, self hauled waste and
LMCC bulk hauled waste. Figure 5 compares how the different waste materials are
distributed across the categories with the contents of the garbage bags allocated
across the material streams.
The overall data shows an early indication that there is great potential for further
diversion at the Awaba landfill with a large quantity of the significant waste
materials being Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) or recyclable materials. It willbe necessary for LMCC to ensure that these materials are being picked up in current
diversion operations or are captured in future diversion strategies.
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Summary of the Overall Landfill Waste by Weight(with garbage bags included)
Material AveragePercentage Tonnes
Vegetation / garden 14.8% 31.80
Concrete / cement 9.2% 19.73Rock/dirt/soil 8.9% 19.14
Garbage bags of rubbish 6.5% 14.00Wood - furniture, painted wood 6.5% 13.91Wood - untreated board 4.5% 9.72Dry cardboard 4.5% 9.69Plastic - other 4.3% 9.20Wood - treated board 3.4% 7.34Bricks 2.9% 6.20Food / Kitchen 2.9% 6.17
Other items 2.9% 6.12
Carpet & underlay 2.8% 5.90Wood - chipboard, MDF 2.6% 5.55
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc 2.5% 5.35Metals - ferrous (steel) 2.4% 5.12Plasterboard 2.2% 4.74Tiles 2.1% 4.50Cloth textiles 2.0% 4.36Paper - all other 1.7% 3.67Covered furniture 1.5% 3.22
Mattresses 1.4% 3.10
Wood - pallets 1.4% 2.93Electrical/Electronic small 1.0% 2.07Plastic - film 0.9% 1.88
Electrical and electric whitegoods 0.8% 1.78Paper - office 0.4% 0.96Wet cardboard 0.4% 0.96Textiles /leather other 0.4% 0.83Computers / office equipment 0.4% 0.80Glass - plate 0.4% 0.75Metals - non-ferrous 0.3% 0.68Rubber other 0.3% 0.66Plastic - containers recyclable
0.2% 0.48Glass - containers 0.2% 0.34Plastic - Polystyrene foam 0.1% 0.30Hazardous / special 0.1% 0.24Tyres, tubes 0.1% 0.17Toner cartridges 0.0% 0.04Waxed cardboard 0.0% 0.00
Asphalt 0.0% 0.00
TOTAL 100.0% 214.42
Table 6: The overall composition of the landfill waste by weight before the contents of the
garbage bags were allocated into waste categories.
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6.5%
0.4% 1.7%
4.5% 0.4% 0.0%
2.9%
14.8%
1.4%
6.5%
2.6%4.5%3.4%2.8%
2.0%
1.5%
1.4%
0.4%0.1%
0.3%
0.2%0.4%
0.2%
0.9%
0.1%
4.3%
2.4%0.3%
0.4%
0.0%
0.8%
2.5%1.0%
9.2%
2.9%
2.1%
2.2%
8.9%
0.0%0.1%
2.9%
Garbage bags of rubbishPaper - officePaper -all otherDry cardboardWet cardboardWaxed cardboardFood / KitchenVegetation / gardenWood - palletsWood - furniture, painted woodWood - chipboard, MDFWood -untreated boardWood -treated boardCarpet & underlayCloth textilesCovered furniture
MattressesTextiles /leather otherTyres, tubesRubber otherGlass - containersGlass -platePlastic - containers recyclablePlastic - filmPlastic -Polystyrene foamPlastic - otherMetals - ferrous (steel)Metals -non-ferrousComputers / office equipmentToner cartridgesElectrical and electric whitegoodsElectrical/Electronic - televisions etcElectrical/Electronic smallConcrete / cementBricksTilesPlasterboardRock/dirt/soilAsphalt
Figure 1:The overall composition of the landfill waste by weight (percentage) before the contents of the garbage bags were allocated into waste
categories
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0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
Figure 2: The overall composition of the landfill waste by weight (tonnes) before the contents of the garbage bags were allocated into waste
categories
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Summary of the Overall Landfill Waste by WeightMaterial Average
Percentage Tonnes
Vegetation / garden 13.0% 27.12
Food / Kitchen 11.4% 23.81
Wood - furniture, painted wood 7.5% 15.60
Rock/dirt/soil 7.3% 15.36
Wood - untreated board 7.3% 15.26
Plastic - other 5.7% 12.03
Concrete / cement 4.6% 9.59
Dry cardboard 4.2% 8.76
Paper - all other 3.9% 8.08
Carpet & underlay 3.5% 7.25
Wood - chipboard, MDF 3.4% 7.20
Cloth textiles 2.8% 5.91
Wood - treated board 2.2% 4.52
Other items 2.1% 4.39
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc 2.1% 4.32
Metals - ferrous (steel) 2.0% 4.11
Bricks 1.9% 3.93
Mattresses 1.6% 3.37
Covered furniture 1.5% 3.22
Wet cardboard 1.3% 2.73
Plasterboard 1.3% 2.72
Computers / office equipment 1.2% 2.55
Plastic - film 1.1% 2.37
Electrical/Electronic small 0.9% 1.96Wood - pallets 0.9% 1.87
Paper - office 0.9% 1.83
Glass - plate 0.9% 1.78
Tiles 0.8% 1.72
Glass - containers 0.5% 1.01
Rubber other 0.4% 0.90
Metals - non-ferrous 0.4% 0.82
Electrical and electric whitegoods 0.4% 0.74
Textiles /leather other 0.3% 0.67
Hazardous / special 0.3% 0.66Plastic - containers recyclable 0.2% 0.47
Plastic - Polystyrene foam 0.2% 0.35
Tyres, tubes 0.2% 0.35
Toner cartridges 0.0% 0.04
Waxed cardboard 0.0% 0.00
Asphalt 0.0% 0.00
Total 100.0% 209.39
Table 7: The overall composition of the landfill waste by weight after the contents of the
garbage bags were allocated into waste categories.
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0.9%
3.9%
4.2%
1.3%
0.0%
11.4%
13.0%
0.9%7.5%
3.4%
7.3%
2.2%
3.5%
2.8%
1.5%
1.6%
0.3%
0.2%
0.4%
0.5%
0.9%
0.2%
1.1%
0.2%5.7%
2.0%0.4%
1.2%
0.0%
0.4%
2.1%
0.9%
4.6%
1.9%0.8%
1.3%
7.3%
0.0%
0.3%
2.1%
Paper -officePaper -all otherDry cardboardWet cardboardWaxed cardboardFood / KitchenVegetation / gardenWood -palletsWood - furniture, painted woodWood - chipboard, MDFWood -un treated board
Wood - treated boardCarpet & underlayCloth textilesCovered furnitureMattressesTextiles /leather otherTyres, tubesRubber otherGlass -containersGlass -platePlastic - containers recyclablePlastic -filmPlastic - Polystyrene foamPlastic -otherMetals -ferrous (steel)Metals - non-ferrousCompute rs / office equipmentToner cartridgesElectri cal and e lectric whitegoodsElectri cal/Electronic -tel evisions etcElectri cal/Electronic smallConcrete / cementBricksTiles
PlasterboardRock/dirt/soilAsphaltHazardous / specialOther items
Figure 3:The overall composition of the landfill waste by weight (percentage) after the contents of the garbage bags were allocated into waste
categories.
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0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
Figure 4: The overall composition of the landfill waste by weight (tonnes) after the contents of the garbage bags were allocated into waste
categories.
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Paper-office
Paper-allother
Drycardboard
Wetcardboard
Waxedcardboard
Food/Kitchen
Vegetation/garden
Wood-pallets
Wood-
furniture,
paintedwood
Wood-chipboard,
MDF
Wood-untreatedboard
Wood-treatedboard
Carpet&underlay
Clothtextiles
Coveredfurniture
Mattresses
Textiles/leatherother
Tyres,tubes
Rubberother
Glass-containers
Glass-plate
Plastic-containersrecyclable
Plastic-
film
Plastic-Polystyrenefoam
Plastic-other
Metals-
ferrous(steel)
Metals-non-ferrous
Computers/officeequipment
Tonercartridges
Electricalandelectricwhitegoods
Electrical/Electronic-televisionsetc
Electrical/Electronicsmall
Concrete/cement
Bricks
Tiles
Plasterboard
Rock/dirt/soil
Asphalt
Hazardous/special
Otheritems
Categories LMCC Parks
Categories C&I
Categories C&D
Categories Self Hauled
Categories LMCC Bulk
Figure 5:The overall composition of the landfill waste stream broken up into load categories by weight (tonnes) and with the contents of the
garbage bags allocated into waste streams.
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4.2 LMCC Parks Waste
4.2.1 Summary of the LMCC parks waste results
Summary of the LMCC Parks Waste Audit Results
Number of Total Loads 25
Total Load Volume (cubic metres) 140.3
Total Weight (tonnes) 36.57
Table 8: Summary of the LMCC Parks waste audit results
The table above shows that the overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill
from the 25 LMCC parks waste loads audited was calculated to equal a total of
36.57 tonnes.
4.2.2 Composition of the LMCC parks waste stream by weight
The most significant materials that made up the percentage of the total LMCC parks
waste stream, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7 and Table 9 were vegetation and
garden waste, food and kitchen waste, rock dirt and soil, other paper and other
plastics.
These data show that there is a huge amount of organic materials being generated
from the parks waste stream. There may be scope for greater diversion of these
products for recycling or energy production. There is also capacity for the large
amount of rock dirt and soil that is currently being disposed of at the landfill to be
reused in other Council areas or parks. Lastly, increased recycling and illegal
dumping education initiatives may help to decrease the amount of other plastics
and paper that are significantly contributing to this waste stream.
The overall weight of Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) material in this stream is
quite important, making up a total of 63.48% or 23.39 tonnes of the total LMCC parks
waste stream. The overall component of packaging materials in this stream is
minimal at 6.08% or 2.24 tonnes.
4.2.3 Composition of the LMCC parks litter bins waste by percentage
There was one parks litter bintruck that delivered waste to the landfill during the
time of the audit. The contents of this truck have been analysed separately so as to
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develop an understanding of the types of waste being collected from the LMCC
park litter bins.
The pie graph below shows the majority (63%) of the parks waste is made up of
garbage bags of waste. A further 8% if made up of other paper, 5% of vegetation
and garden waste, 4% carpet and underlay and 4% cloth textiles. This suggests that
some of the litter bins are being used by people for the disposal of household wastes,
rather than just for those wastes produced from patrons visiting the parks.
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Figure 6: The percentage
of wastes audited from the
LMCC parks litter bin truck.
63.0%8.0%
1.0%
4.0%
2.0%
3.0%
0.3%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%5.0%
1.0%
1.0%
4.0%
1.0%1.5%
0.5%0.3%
1.3%
Garbage bags of rubbish
Paper - all other
Dry cardboard
Wet cardboard
Food / Kitchen
Vegetation / garden
Wood - pallets
Wood - chipboard, MDF
Carpet & underlay
Cloth textiles
Glass - containers
Plastic - containers recyclable
Plastic - film
Plastic - Polystyrene foam
Plastic - other
Metals - ferrous (steel)
Metals - non-ferrous
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc
Electrical/Electronic small
Other items
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Summary of the LMCC Parks waste by weight
MaterialAverage
Percentage TonnesVegetation / garden 25.02% 9.22
Food / Kitchen 21.54% 7.94
Rock/dirt/soil 16.97% 6.25
Paper - all other 6.34% 2.34
Plastic - other 4.78% 1.76
Bricks 2.18% 0.80
Dry cardboard 2.07% 0.76
Concrete / cement 2.05% 0.75
Glass - plate 2.04% 0.75
Paper - office 1.79% 0.66
Wet cardboard 1.77% 0.65
Other items 1.49% 0.55
Metals - ferrous (steel) 1.41% 0.52
Cloth textiles 1.33% 0.49
Glass - containers 1.15% 0.42
Wood - untreated board 1.03% 0.38
Covered furniture 0.87% 0.32
Wood - treated board 0.67% 0.25
Metals - non-ferrous 0.61% 0.22
Wood - furniture, painted wood 0.60% 0.22
Plastic - film 0.57% 0.21
Carpet & underlay 0.54% 0.20
Rubber other 0.49% 0.18Plastic - containers recyclable 0.44% 0.16
Wood - pallets 0.42% 0.15
Hazardous / special 0.35% 0.13
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc 0.29% 0.11
Computers / office equipment 0.29% 0.11
Wood - chipboard, MDF 0.28% 0.10
Tyres, tubes 0.14% 0.05
Textiles /leather other 0.10% 0.04
Toner cartridges 0.09% 0.03
Plastic - Polystyrene foam 0.08% 0.03
Tiles 0.07% 0.03Electrical/Electronic small 0.07% 0.03
Electrical and electric whitegoods 0.05% 0.02
Plasterboard 0.03% 0.01
Waxed cardboard 0.00% 0.00
Mattresses 0.00% 0.00
Asphalt 0.00% 0.00
Total 100.00% 36.85
Table 9:The overall composition of the LMCC parks waste stream by weight
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1.79%
6.34%2.07% 1.77%
0.00%
21.54%
25.02%
0.42%0.60%
0.28%
1.03%0.67%
0.54%
1.33%
0.87%
0.00%
0.10%
0.14%0.49%
1.15%2.04%
0.44%
0.57%
0.08%
4.78%1.41%
0.61%
0.29%
0.09%
0.05%0.29%
0.07%
2.05%
2.18%
0.07%
0.03%16.97%
0.00%
0.35% 1.49% Paper - officePaper -all otherDry cardboardWet cardboardWaxed cardboardFood / KitchenVegetation / gardenWood -palle tsWood -furni ture, painted woodWood - chipboard, MDFWood -unt reated boardWood - treated boardCarpet & underlayCloth textiles
Covered furnitureMattressesTextil es /leather otherTyres, tube sRubber otherGlass -containersGlass -platePlastic - containers recyclablePlastic -filmPlastic - Polystyrene foamPlastic -otherMetals -ferrous (steel)Metals - non-ferrousComputers / office equipmentToner cartridgesElectri cal and electric whitegoodsElectri cal/Electronic -tel evisions etcElectri cal/Electronic smallConcrete / cementBricksTilesPlasterboardRock/dirt/soilAsphalt
Hazardous / specialOther items
Figure 6:The overall composition of the LMCC parks waste by weight (percentage) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste
streams
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0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
Figure 7:The overall composition of the LMCC parks waste by weight (tonnes) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste
stream
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4.3 Commercial and Industrial Waste
4.3.1 Summary of the C&I waste results
Summary of the C&I Waste Audit Results
Number of Total Loads51
Total $ Dollars Charged7,131.94
Total Load Volume (cubic metres)214.72
Total Weight (Tonnes)
44.98
Table 10: Summary of the C&I waste audit results
The table above shows that the overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill
from the 51 C&I loads audited was calculated to equal a total of 44.98 tonnes. C&I
customers delivering to the landfill during this audit period incurred a total charge of
$7,131.94.
4.3.2 Composition of the C&I waste stream by weight
The most significant materials that made up the Commercial and Industrial waste
stream, as shown in Table 11, Figure 8 and Figure 9 were food and kitchen waste ,
cloth textiles, concrete and cement, vegetation and garden waste, other paper
and other plastics.
The analysis of the C&I stream clearly shows that there is a high organic component
in this waste stream, that could have further opportunities for diversion. There is also
some capacity for increased recycling of plastics and paper, as well as, the captureand diversion of concrete. There was an unusually large amount of cloth textiles in
the C&I waste stream due to a large number of charity vehicles that are accessing
the landfill for free. LMCC should review their policy for accepting charity wastes for
free.
The overall weight of Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) material in this stream is
significant making up a total of 65.9% or 29.86 tonnes of the total C&I waste stream.
The overall component of packaging materials in this stream is far less at 11.58% or
5.25 tonnes of the total weight of the C&I stream.
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Summary of the C&I Waste by Weight
MaterialAverage
Percentage TonnesFood / Kitchen 28.55% 12.94
Cloth textiles 7.23% 3.27
Concrete / cement 6.29% 2.85
Vegetation / garden 6.25% 2.83
Paper - all other 6.24% 2.83
Plastic - other 6.03% 2.73
Dry cardboard 4.81% 2.18
Rock/dirt/soil 3.95% 1.79
Other items 3.74% 1.69
Wet cardboard 2.82% 1.28
Carpet & underlay 2.81% 1.27
Plastic - film 2.49% 1.13
Wood - furniture, painted wood 2.34% 1.06Bricks 1.65% 0.75
Metals - ferrous (steel) 1.50% 0.68
Covered furniture 1.33% 0.60
Paper - office 1.19% 0.54
Glass - plate 1.18% 0.53
Wood - pallets 1.14% 0.52
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc 0.99% 0.45
Wood - treated board 0.87% 0.39
Glass - containers 0.83% 0.38
Wood - untreated board 0.76% 0.34
Wood - chipboard, MDF 0.68% 0.31
Mattresses 0.50% 0.23
Rubber other 0.48% 0.22
Tyres, tubes 0.37% 0.17
Hazardous / special 0.37% 0.17
Plastic - Polystyrene foam 0.36% 0.17
Electrical/Electronic small 0.34% 0.15
Metals - non-ferrous 0.33% 0.15
Tiles 0.33% 0.15
Plasterboard 0.30% 0.13
Plastic - containers recyclable 0.26% 0.12
Electrical and electric whitegoods 0.25% 0.12
Computers / office equipment 0.24% 0.11
Textiles /leather other 0.22% 0.10
Toner cartridges 0.00% 0.00
Waxed cardboard 0.00% 0.00
Asphalt 0.00% 0.00
Total 100.00% 45.31
Table 11:The overall composition of the C&I waste stream by weight
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1.19%
6.24%
4.81%2.82%
0.00%
28.55%
6.25%
1.14%2.34%
0.68%0.76%
0.87%2.81%
7.23%
1.33%0.50%
0.22%
0.37%
0.48%
0.83%1.18%
0.26%
2.49%0.36%
6.03%
1.50%0.33%
0.24%
0.00%
0.25%
0.99%
0.34%
6.29%
1.65%
0.33%
0.30%
3.95%
0.00%
0.37%
3.74%
Paper - officePaper -all otherDry cardboardWet cardboardWaxed cardboardFood / KitchenVegetation / gardenWood -palle tsWood - furniture, painted woodWood - chipboard, MDFWood -un treated boardWood - treated boardCarpet & underlayCloth textilesCovered furnitureMattressesTextiles /leather otherTyres, tube sRubber otherGlass -containersGlass -platePlastic - containers recyclablePlastic -filmPlastic - Polystyrene foamPlastic -otherMetals -ferrous (steel)Metals - non-ferrousComputer s / office equipmentToner cartridgesElectri cal and electric whitegoodsElectri cal/Electronic -tel evisions etcElectri cal/Electronic smallConcrete / cementBricksTilesPlasterboardRock/dirt/soil
AsphaltHazardous / specialOther items
Figure 8:The overall composition of the C&I waste by weight (percentage) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste stream
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Figure 9: The overall composition of the C&I waste by weight (tonnes) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste stream
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4.4 Construction and Demolition Waste
4.4.1 Summary of the C&D waste results
Summary of the C&D Waste Audit Results
Number of Total Loads 41
Total $ Dollars Charged 9,757.37
Total Load Volume (cubic metres) 240.4
Total Weight (Tonnes) 46.86
Table 12: Summary of the C&D waste audit results
The table above shows that the overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill
from the 41 C&D loads audited was to equal a total of 46.86 tonnes. C&D customers
delivering to the landfill during this audit period incurred a total charge of $9,757.37.
4.4.2 Composition of the C&D waste stream by weight
The most significant materials in the Construction and Demolition waste stream, as
shown in Figure 10, Figure 11 and Table 13 were untreated board, painted wood
and furniture, concrete and cement, carpet and underlay, and rock, dirt and soil.
The C&D data shows that, not surprisingly this stream is mainly made up of building
materials. However many of the products that make up the largest quantities of this
stream are recyclable or reusable in some form and it would be worth LMCC
investigating the potential for greater diversion of these streams.
The overall weight of Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) material in this stream is
significant, making up a total of 64.54% or 30.26 tonnes of the total C&D waste
stream. The overall component of packaging materials in this stream is minute in
comparison at 2.8% or 1.35 tonnes of the total weight of the C&D stream.
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Summary of the C&D Waste by weight
MaterialAverage
Percentage TonnesWood - untreated board 21.68% 10.17
Wood - furniture, painted wood 19.68% 9.22
Concrete / cement 8.33% 3.90
Carpet & underlay 6.90% 3.24
Rock/dirt/soil 6.76% 3.17
Vegetation / garden 3.97% 1.86
Bricks 3.88% 1.82
Plasterboard 3.45% 1.62
Wood - chipboard, MDF 3.05% 1.43
Plastic - other 2.96% 1.39
Metals - ferrous (steel) 2.68% 1.26
Wood - pallets 2.24% 1.05
Wood - treated board 2.16% 1.01
Dry cardboard 1.40% 0.66
Tiles 1.33% 0.62
Food / Kitchen 1.32% 0.62
Plastic - film 1.26% 0.59
Other items 1.24% 0.58
Paper - all other 1.02% 0.48
Electrical/Electronic small 0.93% 0.44
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc 0.84% 0.39
Cloth textiles 0.54% 0.25
Electrical and electric whitegoods 0.49% 0.23
Textiles /leather other 0.43% 0.20
Metals - non-ferrous 0.28% 0.13
Glass - plate 0.27% 0.13
Hazardous / special 0.22% 0.10
Covered furniture 0.13% 0.06
Paper - office 0.12% 0.06
Plastic - containers recyclable 0.09% 0.04
Rubber other 0.08% 0.04
Tyres, tubes 0.07% 0.03
Plastic - Polystyrene foam 0.06% 0.03
Glass - containers 0.05% 0.02
Mattresses 0.04% 0.02
Wet cardboard 0.02% 0.01
Computers / office equipment 0.01% 0.00
Toner cartridges 0.00% 0.00
Waxed cardboard 0.00% 0.00
Asphalt 0.00% 0.00
Total 100.00% 46.88
Table 13:The overall composition of the C&D waste stream by weight
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0.12% 1.02% 1.40%0.02%
0.00% 1.32%
3.97%2.24%
19.68%
3.05%
21.68%
2.16%
6.90%
0.54%0.13%
0.04%
0.43%0.07%
0.08%
0.05%
0.27%0.09%
1.26%
0.06%2.96%
2.68%0.28%
0.01% 0.00%
0.49%
0.84%0.93% 8.33%
3.88%
1.33%3.45%
6.76%
0.00%
0.22% 1.24% Paper - officePaper -all otherDry cardboardWet cardboardWaxed cardboardFood / KitchenVegetation / gardenWood - palletsWood - furniture, painted woodWood - chipboard, MDFWood -un treated boardWood - treated boardCarpet & underlayCloth textiles
Covered furnitureMattressesTextil es /leather otherTyres, tube sRubber otherGlass -containersGlass -platePlastic - containers recyclablePlastic -filmPlastic - Polystyrene foamPlastic -otherMetals -ferrous (steel)Metals - non-ferrousComputers / office equipmentToner cartridgesElectri cal and electric whitegoodsElectri cal/Electronic -tel evisions etcElectri cal/Electronic smallConcrete / cementBricksTilesPlasterboardRock/dirt/soilAsphaltHazardous / special
Other items
Figure 10: The overall composition of the C&D waste by weight (percentage) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste
streams
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0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Figure 11:The overall composition of the C&D waste by weight (tonnes) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste stream
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4.5 Self Hauled Waste
4.5.1 Summary of the self hauled waste results
Table 14: Summary of the self hauled waste audit results
The table above shows that the overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill
from the 142 Self Hauled waste audited was calculated to be a total of 30.86 tonnes.
Self Haulage customers delivering to the landfill during this audit period incurred a
total charge of $4,229.60.
4.5.2 Composition of the self hauled waste stream by weight
The most significant material in the self hauled waste stream, as shown in Figure 12,
Figure 13 and Table 15 was vegetation and garden waste. The next largest
quantities of waste were furniture and painted wood, dry cardboard, concrete and
cement, other plastics, food and kitchen waste, treated wood and rock, dirt and soil.
Again, for the self hauled waste stream there is a large potential for increased
diversion of organic materials, which is further demonstrated by the overall weight of
Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) material, which makes up a total of 63.71% or19.71 tonnes of the total self hauled waste stream. The overall component of
packaging materials in this stream is, on the other hand, only 8.11% or 2.51 tonnes of
the total weight of the self hauled stream.
Self-hauled waste is primarily household waste. However, this does not necessarily
exclude some small commercial operators bringing waste in under the self hauled
category.
Summary of the Self Hauled Waste Audit Results
Number of Total Loads 142
Total $ Dollars Charged 4,229.60
Total Load Volume (cubic metres) 160.34
Total Weight (Tonnes) 30.86
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Summary of the Self Hauled Waste by Weight
MaterialAverage
Percentage TonnesVegetation / garden 20.73% 6.41
Wood - furniture, painted wood 6.98% 2.16
Dry cardboard 6.36% 1.97
Concrete / cement 6.02% 1.86
Plastic - other 5.67% 1.75
Food / Kitchen 5.27% 1.63
Wood - treated board 5.15% 1.59
Rock/dirt/soil 4.22% 1.31
Wood - untreated board 3.96% 1.22
Carpet & underlay 3.74% 1.16
Paper - all other 3.54% 1.09
Wood - chipboard, MDF 2.88% 0.89
Electrical/Electronic - televisions etc 2.47% 0.76
Other items 2.43% 0.75
Cloth textiles 2.36% 0.73
Metals - ferrous (steel) 2.25% 0.70
Mattresses 2.21% 0.68
Tiles 1.97% 0.61
Covered furniture 1.67% 0.52
Paper - office 1.49% 0.46
Electrical/Electronic small 1.13% 0.35
Plasterboard 1.09% 0.34
Electrical and electric whitegoods 0.87% 0.27Bricks 0.85% 0.26
Glass - plate 0.71% 0.22
Plastic - film 0.61% 0.19
Wet cardboard 0.44% 0.14
Textiles /leather other 0.43% 0.13
Rubber other 0.42% 0.13
Wood - pallets 0.38% 0.12
Metals - non-ferrous 0.36% 0.11
Glass - containers 0.30% 0.09
Hazardous / special 0.27% 0.08
Plastic - containers recyclable 0.26% 0.08Computers / office equipment 0.25% 0.08
Plastic - Polystyrene foam 0.13% 0.04
Tyres, tubes 0.11% 0.03
Toner cartridges 0.03% 0.01
Waxed cardboard 0.01% 0.00
Asphalt 0.00% 0.00
Total 100.00% 30.93
Table 15:The overall composition of the self hauled waste stream by weight
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1.49%
3.54%
6.36%
0.44%
0.01%
5.27%
20.73%
0.38%6.98%
2.88%
3.96%5.15%
3.74%2.36%
1.67%
2.21%
0.43%0.11%
0.42%
0.30%0.71%
0.26%
0.61%
0.13%
5.67%
2.25%0.36%
0.25%0.03%
0.87%
2.47%
1.13%6.02%
0.85%
1.97% 1.09%
4.22%
0.00%
0.27%
2.43%Paper - officePaper -all otherDry cardboardWet cardboardWaxed cardboardFood / KitchenVegetation / gardenWood -palle tsWood -furni ture, painted woodWood - chipboard, MDFWood -un treated boardWood - treated boardCarpet & underlay
Cloth textilesCovered furnitureMattressesTextil es /leather otherTyres, tube sRubber otherGlass -containersGlass -platePlastic - containers recyclablePlastic -filmPlastic - Polystyrene foamPlastic -otherMetals -ferrous (steel)Metals - non-ferrousComputers / office equipmentToner cartridgesElectri cal and electric whitegoodsElectri cal/Electronic -tel evisions etcElectri cal/Electronic smallConcrete / cementBricksTilesPlasterboardRock/dirt/soil
AsphaltHazardous / special
Figure 12:The overall composition of the self hauled waste by weight (percentage) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste
streams
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0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Figure 13:The overall composition of the self hauled waste by weight (tonnes) and with the contents of the garbage bags allocated into waste
streams
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4.6 LMCC Bulk Hauled Waste
4.6.1 Summary of the LMCC bulk hauled waste results
Summary of the LMCC Bulk Hauled Waste Audit Results
Number of Total Loads 14
Total $ Dollars Charged 0.00
Total Load Volume (cubic metres) 284
Total Weight (Tonnes) 49.38
Table 16: Summary of the LMCC bulk hauled waste audit results
The table above shows that the overall amount of waste delivered to Awaba landfill
from the 14 bulk hauled loads audited was calculated to equal a total of 49.38
tonnes. As all bulk hauled waste is transported by Council vehicles, there was no
charge for LMCC bulk hauled waste customers.
4.6.2 Composition of the LMCC bulk hauled waste stream by weight
The most significant materials in the LMCC bulk hauled waste stream, as shown in
Figure 14, Figure 15 and Table 17 were vegetation and garden waste, MDF
chipboard, other plastics, dry cardboard, wood - untreated board, furniture and
painted wood, rock, dirt and soil, and electrical and electronic televisions etc.
The LMCC bulk hauled waste stream comprised a surprising amount of MDF
chipboard wood, as well as electrical and electronic goods. It is unclear as to
whether this is a normal characterization of this waste stream or if on the particular
day this stream was audited something occurred that caused a spike in thesefigures. The potential diversion of these products would be worth investigating further
by LMCC.
The overall weight of Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) material in this stream
was, like the other categories, extremely noticeable for the bulk waste stream,
making up a total of 55.46% or 27.41 tonnes of the total weight. The overall
component of packaging mater