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Software
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Software
There are two types of software:
Systems software:
Applications software: (end-userprograms)
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Systems software is the control software thatoperates the hardware and allows theapplications to run.
Applications are pieces of software that areprogrammed to perform specific tasks.Eg: a browser application, a word processingapplication, an e-mail application and so on.
You can also buy new applications and installthem.
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Logical system architecture
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Types of software
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System software
set of pgms, designed to control the operation & extend theprocessing capability of a computer system.
Supports the development of other application software.
Supports the execution of other application software.
Monitors the effective use of various h/w resources like cpu,
mem, etc.
Communicates and controls the operation of the peripheral
devices like printers, disk etc.
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System software
Utility software :to manage and tune the computerH/W, OS or application software by performing sometasks.
Disk cleaners
Backup Anti-virus
System profilers tool for diagnosing problems or checkingcomputer specifications (Checking available RAM slots, Checking installedH/W)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_cleanerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_profilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_profilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_cleaner -
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System software
Interpreter is a computer program which reads sourcecode written in a high-level programming language,transforms the code to machine code, and executes themachine code.
Assembler - Autility program called an assembler is
used to translate assembly language statements into thetarget computer's machine code.
Compiler - A compiler is a special program that processes
statements written in a particular programming languageand validates the syntax.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computers)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computers)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program -
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Application Software
It is a set of one or more programs designed tosolve a specific problem or do a specific task.
Examples are:
Word processing s/w
Spreadsheet s/w
Database s/w
Graphics s/w
Personal assistance s/w Education s/w
Entertainment s/w
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Major functions of an OS
Processor management Memory management
Device management
Storage management File management
Security
Application interface User interface
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Processor management
ensures that each process and applicationreceives enough of the processor's time to
function properly
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Memory management
Each process must have enough to execute,and cannot cross-over into the memory ofanother process
Manages the memory used by individualprocesses.
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Device management
Manages the devices thru driver software. The path between the operating system and
virtually all hardware not on the computer's
motherboard goes through a specialprogram called a driver
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Storage management
Managing the free space available on thesecondary-storage device.
Allocation of storage space when new files
have to be written. Scheduling the requests for memory access.
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File management
creation and deletion of files, directions mapping of files
back up of files
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Security
User Authentication Data Access security
Level of Access
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Application interface
API provides a consistent way forapplications to use the resources of thecomputer system
Eg: Using the Amazon API, a third partyWeb site can post direct links to Amazonproducts with updated prices
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User interface
a user interface (UI) brings structure to theinteraction between a user and thecomputer
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Operating Systems
Operating Systems run in the background without the
users being aware of it.
It controls the inputs, outputs, and storage of files as
requested by the applications software.
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Popular Operating Systems
Windows XP
home and business Mac Operating System GUI, graphics
UNIX general purpose
Linux
alternative to Windows Dos command driven
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Types of OS
1. Multitasking/ Multiprogramming OS (Eg Word &Games)
Preemptivetime sliced by CPU
Cooperative- Each task/program decided CPU usage2. Multi threading OSrun multiple parts of the s/w
program (Eg Spell check & Print)
3. Multi-processing OS many processers in one
computer system (Eg Unix Server)
4. Single user OS
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5. Multi-user OS6. Parallel Systemwith Multiple CPUs
7. Distributed Systemcomputers connected by a high-
speed networks.
8. Real Time Systemresponds to real time events (Eg:satellite co.ntrol systems, process control systems)
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Multiprogramming