Society
Social change
TechnologyTechnology ConflictConflict Rational thoughtRational thought Social BondsSocial Bonds
Technology & Social Change
Lenski’sLenski’s ““Sociocultural evolution” occurs when Sociocultural evolution” occurs when
society acquires new technologysociety acquires new technology
Hunting & Gathering societies
Bow & arrow and stone knifeBow & arrow and stone knife
Horticultural societies
Hoe & digging stickHoe & digging stick
Pastoral societies
Domesticated animalsDomesticated animals
Agrarian societies
PlowPlow Large scale farmingLarge scale farming Created Created
CitiesCities Greater specializationGreater specialization Use of moneyUse of money
Early walled cities – China Top of wall
Early walled cities – China Door to the city
Early walled cities – China Bell to sound trouble
Walled city of Rhodes (Greece)
Walled city of Rhodes Note dry mote between two walls protecting the city.
Industrial societies
Sociology developsSociology develops
Postindustrial
ComputersComputers Information basedInformation based
Conflict & social Change
Karl MarxKarl Marx Production of goodsProduction of goods
Major force that changes societyMajor force that changes society
False consciousness
Beliefs that supported the capitalistic Beliefs that supported the capitalistic economic systemeconomic system
Individual, not society are responsible for Individual, not society are responsible for problemsproblems
Substitute class consciousnessSubstitute class consciousness
Class consciousness
Workers as a class against capitalistsWorkers as a class against capitalists
Alienation
Workers were alienated from:Workers were alienated from: The act of workingThe act of working Products of workProducts of work Other workersOther workers
Worker isolation and misery resulting from Worker isolation and misery resulting from powerlessnesspowerlessness
Capitalism blamed for alienationCapitalism blamed for alienation
Rational Thought & Social Change Max WeberMax Weber Ideas, beliefs, values change societyIdeas, beliefs, values change society
Rationalization of Society
Used ideal types to compare societies at Used ideal types to compare societies at different times in historydifferent times in history
Preindustrial = tradition basedPreindustrial = tradition based Postindustrial = Rational thoughtPostindustrial = Rational thought
Social Bonds & social change
DurkheimDurkheim Mechanical SolidarityMechanical Solidarity
Based on traditionBased on tradition Organic SolidarityOrganic Solidarity
Based on specializationBased on specialization Produces anomie (little moral guidance)Produces anomie (little moral guidance)