SocialInclusionandPovertyEradication

AninternationalworkshoporganisedbytheComparativeResearchProgrammeonPoverty-CROP(ISSC/UiB),SocialExclusionandInclusionStudyGroupoftheMindadeGunzburgCenterforEuropeanStudiesandWeatherheadCenterforInternationalAffairs(bothatHarvardUniversity),andwiththesupportoftheCulturalServicesoftheFrenchEmbassyintheUnitedStates.

HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,MA,USA,17-18November2016Thursday17thNovemberVenue:CenterforEuropeanStudies–LowerLevelConferenceRoom8:30 Breakfast09:00 Welcomeremarksandpresentationoftheobjectivesoftheworkshop

-MichèleLamont,DirectoroftheWeatherheadCenterforInternationalAffairs-HilarySilver,CROPFellow,Affiliate,MindadeGunzburgCenterforEuropeanStudies-AlbertoD.Cimadamore,ScientificDirector,ComparativeResearchProgrammeonPoverty(ISSC/UiB)

Session1:Stigmatizing,ShamingandIsolatingthePoorChair:DevahPager,Sociology(FAS)andSocialPolicy(KSG),HarvardUniversity09:15 RobertWalker,SocialPolicy,OxfordUniversity,UK

Shame,stigmaandthetake-upofsocialassistance:InsightsfromruralChinaDiscussant:WilliamP.Alford,HarvardLawSchool,HarvardUniversityStigmaisoneofthereasonsforlowtake-upofsocialassistancebenefits,deterringparticipationinanti-povertyprogramsdespitefinancialneedandsocialrights.Chinaisanapparentdeviantcase,withrapidlyfallingpovertyandhighup-takeofDibao,theworld’slargestsocialassistancescheme.Giventhepoortargetingandconsiderablelocaldiscretioninadministeringtheprogram,recipientsmustbalancetwostigmas,ofpovertybutalsoabuseofthesystem.Therearedangersofimplementingsocialassistancewithoutsupportivepolitical,legalandculturalinfrastructures.10:00 NoraE.Groce,LeonardCheshireDisability&InclusiveDevelopmentCentre,UniversityCollegeLondon,UK

Personswithdisability:AtriskandtoooftenoverlookedDiscussant:KathrynA.Sikkink,KennedySchoolofGovernment,HarvardUniversityUntilthenewSustainableDevelopmentGoalsoftheUnitedNations,SDGs,inclusionandanti-povertypoliciesneglectedthecumulativedisadvantagesofpeoplewithdisabilities,whoweretreatedunderamedicalmodel.UnderthenewSDGresolutions,theyarenowmentionedthroughouttheinternationalcallto‘leavenoonebehind.’Thispaperreportsonresearchthatestablishesclearerlinksamongdisability,socialinclusionandpoverty,drawinguponthreeresearchprojectsinAfrica,suchasthelifetrajectoriesofpersonswithdisabilitieswhobegfortheirliving.10:45 KimSamuel,InstitutefortheStudyofInternationalDevelopment,McGillUniversity,Canada

Socialconnectednessandpovertyeradication:ASouthAfricanperspectiveDiscussant:SueGoldie,T.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,HarvardUniversitySocialisolationisadeprivationofsocialconnectednessintricatelylinkedtothecausesandconsequencesofbothsocialexclusionandpoverty.Thispaperpresentscasestudiesonthisneglecteddimensionofmultidimensionalpovertyanalysis,drawnfromtheSocialConnectednessProgrammeinSouthAfrica.Itillustratesmechanismsforovercomingexclusionaryrelationsaffectingchildrenandyouth,andshowshowlocalsupportofsocialrelationshipsarelinkedtosocial-economicempowermentbyenablingresourcemobilisationandenhancingtheemployabilityandwell-beingofyoungpeople.11:30 Morningcoffeebreak

Session2:Caste,IndigenousandRacialExclusion,AffirmativeActionandPoverty:IndiaChair:S.V.Subramanian,T.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,HarvardUniversity11:45 SukhadeoThorat,Economics,JawaharlalNehruUniversity&IndianCouncilofSocialScienceResearch,India

WhydoescastediscriminationpersistdespiteitsillegalityinIndia:ReflectionsontheoriesofdiscriminationDiscussant:LantPritchett,KennedySchoolofGovernment,HarvardUniversityThepaperreviewstheevidencethatcastediscriminationpersistsinIndiaalthoughtheConstitutionoutlawedit,inlightofDarity’sidentitytheoryofnormsformation,AkerlofandKranton’stheoryofIdentityEconomics,andAmbedkar'stheoryofcaste.12:15 SurinderS.Jodhka,CentrefortheStudyofSocialSystems,JawaharlalNehruUniversity,India

Exclusionaryruraltransformations:Socialdynamicsofcasteandcommunityinthenon-farmeconomyinIndia

Discussant:RohiniPande,KennedySchoolofGovernment,HarvardUniversityThispaperexaminestheincreasinglymarginalizedruralnonfarmpopulationofIndiathathaslongbeeninternallydifferentiatedoncasteandcommunity(religious)lines.Casteandcommunityarenotmerelydistinctionsofculturalidentityandritualstatus,butalsoregulateaccesstomaterialresources,suchasagriculturalland,andproducerigidandexclusionarysocialstructuresgroundedininstitutionalizedpracticesofdiscriminationanddenial.Further,therelationshipoftheruralandurbanreproducespovertyandnewerformsofexclusionbycaste,communityandgender.13:00 LunchSession3:InclusionPoliciesandAnti-PovertyProgramsintheEuropeanUnionChair:DanielZiblatt,Government,HarvardUniversity14:00 NonnaMayer,Centred'étudeseuropéennesdeSciencesPo,France

Socialexclusion,povertyandpolitics:TheFrenchcaseDiscussant:MichèleLamont,SociologyandAfricanandAfricanAmericanStudies,HarvardUniversityThepaperwillshowhowevenveryprecariouspeoplehavepoliticalorientationsandpreferences,quitesimilartotherestoftheelectorateexceptahigherrejectionofmainstreamparties,buthavemuchhigherratesofabstention,andnotmuchwouldbenecessarytohelpthemexpresstheirvoiceandbeheard.14:45 MariaPetmesidou,ProfessorofSocialPolicy,DemocritusUniversityofThrace,Greece

CantheEuropeanUnion2020strategydeliveronsocialinclusion?Discussant:HilarySilver,VisitingSeniorFellow,AshCenter,KennedySchoolofGovernmentandBrownUniversityTheEUAgenda2020setaquantifiedgoalofreducingpovertyandsocialexclusionaspartofthestrategyfor“smart,sustainableandinclusivegrowth.”Thispapercriticallyexamineshowthisnewstrategyhasfaredsofar.Itfindsincreasessince2009inthethreeEUmeasuresofthepovertyandsocialexclusion:theat-risk-ofpovertyrate(AROP),i.e.therelativepovertymeasurebasedondisposableincome;severematerialdeprivation(SMD);andjoblessness(LWI),i.e.peoplelivinginhouseholdswithzeroorlowworkintensity.ReasonsforineffectivenessincludeunresolvedtensionsandopposingnormativevisionsofpovertyandsocialexclusionamongEUcountriesthaterectseriousbarrierstosocialinclusion,aswellasflawedEuropeancoordinationandgovernancemechanisms.

15:30 AxelCronert,VisitingStudentResearcher,MIT&DepartmentofGovernment,UppsalaUniversity,Sweden

TrendsinsocialinvestmentandpovertyinSweden:Theenlightenedpathor‘TheThirdWay’?Discussant:PeterA.Hall,Government,HarvardUniversityThepaperassessescriticismsoftheEUSocialInvestmentpackagepointingtoalackofcomplementaritybetweentheprogram’smultiplegoalsofincreasingemploymentanddecreasingpoverty.ArguingthatthecriticismsapplymainlytotheThirdWayapproachtosocialinvestment,itdescribesanalternativeNordicmodeland,withdatafromEurostatandSwedishgovernmentalagencies,itfindsadilutionintheinvestmentqualityofpolicyinterventions,especiallyinactivelabormarketpolicy,anddriftingredistributionpolicies,makingitmoredifficulttocombatoldaswellasnewsocialdivisions.Itcallsforamoreenlightenedrecastingofthesocialinvestmentpolicypackage.16:15 Afternooncoffeebreak16:30 Keynotespeech

Introduction:MichèleLamont

VijayendraRao,LeadEconomist,DevelopmentResearchGroup,TheWorldBank

ActiveDevelopment:UsingSocialTheorytoImprovePolicyPracticeforPovertyReductionandSocialEmpowerment

Discussant:MichaelWalton,KennedySchoolofGovernment,HarvardUniversity

Community-drivendevelopmentapproachesarewidelyusedtoaddresspersistentpovertyandsocialexclusionindevelopingcountries.Theirgoalistoharnesslocalcapacitiesforcollectiveactiontohelppeoplehelpthemselves.Inpracticesuchapproacheshavebeencriticizedforbeingpoorlymanagedandsubjecttoelitedominanceandcapture,particularlywhenimplementedonalargescale.TheActiveDevelopmentapproachisanattempttoaddressthisby(a)integratingsocialandeconomictheorytodiagnoseproblemsanddesignbetterinterventions,(b)developnimbleapproachestolarge-scalemanagementwhichallowinterventionstoadapttodifferentcontextsandtrajectoriesofchange,and(c)togivecitizenstheabilitytocollectandanalyzetheirowndata,andemploydeliberativeprocessesofdecisionmaking,tomaketheminformedandactiveco-producersofpolicydesignandimplementation.ThistalkwilldiscusstheworkoftheWorldBank’sSocialObservatoryteaminIndiathathasbeendevelopingtheActiveDevelopmentapproachwithwomen’sself-helpgroupsforthelastfiveyears.17:30 Receptionforparticipantsofthepublicsessions19.30 DinnerforinvitedpresentersanddiscussantsVenue:HarvardFacultyClubFriday18thNovember–PLEASENOTE:SPACEISLIMITED,PLEASERSVPTOENSUREAPLACEVenue:CenterforEuropeanStudies–HoffmanRoom8:30BreakfastSession4:InclusionaryPoliciesinDevelopingCountriesChair:TarunKhanna,HarvardBusinessSchool,HarvardUniversity09:00 LázaroI.Rodríguez,UnitedNationsConsultant-TransformatorioCulturalparaelDesarrollo

InterculturalapproachasatoolforsocialinclusionandpovertyeradicationinCentralAmericaDiscussant:AjanthaSubramanian,Anthropology,HarvardUniversityThepaperpresentstheinterculturalapproachtopromotinginclusionofculturallyexcludedgroupslivingindisadvantagedareasinCentralAmericaandSouthernAfrica.Acknowledgingthatreducingtheeconomicgapsisnotenoughtoeradicateexclusion,itlooksforinclusivewaystoaddresscomplexformsofdiscrimination,violence

andstigmatizationbasedonculturalvalues,relatedtoethnicity,race,skincolor,identityandsexualorientation,gender,physicalormentaldisability,religion,migrantstatusornationality.Itpresentssomeexperiencesofinclusionofvulnerablepopulationsinlocal-levelpolicydecision-makinganditsimpactonimprovingaccesstoservicesandparticipationinsocial,culturalandpoliticallife.09:45 Dr.BabatundeOmilola,HeadofDevelopmentPlanningandInclusiveGrowth,UnitedNations

DevelopmentProgram,NewYorkHumanRights-BasedApproachforAddressingPovertyandSocialExclusioninSouthAfricanintheEraoftheSDGs

Discussant:AlbertoD.Cimadamore,ComparativeResearchProgrammeonPoverty(ISSC/UiB)Basedonacomprehensivereviewoftheliteratureandwithbothquantitativeandqualitativedata,thepaperexploresthecomplexrelationshipbetweenpoverty,growthandinequality.Thepaperfurtherexploreshowthehumanrights-basedapproachcanaddresspovertyandsocialexclusioninSouthAfricabasedonoveralldefinitionofpovertyadoptedbytheUnitedNationstotackle‘socialdiscriminationandexclusion’and‘lackofparticipationindecision-makingcivil,socialandculturallife’.10:30 MorningcoffeebreakSession5:RightsasInclusionMechanismChair:JacquelineBhabha,T.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,HarvardUniversity10:45 JohnC.Mubangizi,CollegeofLawandManagementStudies,UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica

Aconstitutionalandhumanrights-basedapproachtoreducingpovertyandsocialexclusioninSouthAfricaDiscussant:LucieWhite,HarvardLawSchool,HarvardUniversityThepaperconsiderstheinternationalhumanrightsnormsrelevanttopovertyandsocialexclusioningeneralandinSouthAfricainparticular.Giventhatcountry’shistory,aconstitutionalapproachtoreducingpovertyandsocialexclusion–especiallyofwomen,children,andruralpopulations-isespeciallypromising.11:30 ShreyaAtrey,MaxWeberFellow,EuropeanUniversityInstitute,Florence,Italy

Poverty:AnintersectionalcastawayindiscriminationlawDiscussant:FrankDobbin,Sociology,HarvardUniversityThispaperclarifiesacontradictionintermsbetweendiscriminationlawtheoryandpracticetoshowthatpoverty’sintersectionalcharacteractuallystrengthensthecaseforitsrecognitionasagroundforchargesindiscriminationlaw.Analysingleadingexamplesofhousingdiscriminationandhousingrightsfromsomeofthemostprogressivediscriminationlawregimes–Canada,SouthAfricaandIndia–itrefutesthesingle-axisframeworkofdiscriminationlawthatpointstoitsintersectionalityandrefutestheclaimthatthepoorarenotagroup,whenhomelessness,forexample,doesleadtoaclaimforequalprotection.12:15 Bookpresentation:ChildPoverty,Youth(Un)Employment,andSocialInclusion

(October2016,IbidemVerlag,Germany)PresentedbyMariaPetmesidou(editor)12:30 Wrap-upandfutureplans(forauthorsonly)13:00 Lunch&endofworkshop