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Social CognitionChapter 3
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Social Cognition
The ways we think about ourselves and the social world.
Social Thinking is Brilliant and Sophisticated, but flawed.
We have blind spots.
Related terms: social intelligence, emotional intelligence, interpersonal intelligence
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Nuances of behavior
Computers may excel at Jeopardy and Chess, but not poker.
They have no referent for intentions, wishes and desires.
In short, the social information we deal with is imprecise and variable.
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Automatic social thinking
Low-effort, effortlessNon-conscious-involuntaryUnintentional
(Remember the job interview on the Zimbardo video.)
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schemas
Schemas are mental structures that organize our knowledge about the social world (events, roles, etc.)
Why do we have them?
They help us organize.They fill in knowledge gaps.
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Which schema will you use?
The one that is most accessible.
The one that has been primed.
You can be set up.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
Making our schemas come true by the way that we treat people.
Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)
Real gains in IQ scores
How did the teachers do this?
More personal attention and warmer emotional climate
Encouragement and support
Challenge – bloomers got more difficult material
More opportunity to respond in class
Did the teachers do this on purpose? No.
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Why do we take shortcuts?
To deal with massive amounts of information
Because it often leads to good decisions
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What if you don’t have a schema
Use judgmental heuristics (rules of thumb)
Useful, but can be inadequate or misapplied
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
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Controlled thinking
Conscious, voluntary, effortful, intentional
Do we have free will?
Counterfactual reasoning
Overconfidence barrier