Download - SOC 204 Goldberg Ch 8
SOC 204 Drugs & Society
Goldberg Chapter 8 Narcotics
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Narcotics
Opioids
Opiates
Do you know someone who has used
opioids recreationally in the last 30 days?
18%
32%
50% A. No
B. Yes, one person
C. Yes, more than one person
Opium
Morphine Codeine Heroin
At one time, heroin
was given to morphine
addicts to help them
break their addiction to
morphine.
14%
86% A. True
B. False
1914 Harrison Act
Made opioids difficult to obtain
Oral use declined
Cost and risk increased
View of addicts changed
Vietnam
Use among troops was about 10-15%
Most users stopped upon returning to US
Review: Which two compounds
are in the opium plant resin?
A. Oxycontin and heroin
B. Morphine and heroin
C. Morphine and codeine
D. Hydrocodone and codeine
Oxyco
ntin and h
eroin
Morp
hine a
nd hero
in
Morp
hine a
nd codein
e
Hydroco
done and codein
e
0% 0%
91%
9%
Review: What impact did the
Harrison Act have on opium use?
A. Opium use increased
B. Opium was no longer readily available
C. Illegal IV use decreased
D. Oral use increased
Opium
use
incr
eased
Opium
was n
o longer r
ea...
Illegal IV
use
decr
eased
Oral u
se in
creas
ed
5% 9%0%
86%
Review: Upon returning to the US, soldiers
who used opiates in Vietnam:
A. 70% were arrested for illegal drug use
B. 67% became homeless
C. 95% stopped using the drug
70% w
ere a
rrest
ed for i
ll...
67% b
ecam
e hom
eless
95% st
opped usin
g the d
rug
0%
100%
0%
Prescription Narcotics
Hydrocodone & OxyContin
Narcotic Doses
Drug Therapeutic Dose Tolerant Dose Lethal Dose
Morphine 15-30 mg 100 mg 500 mg
Heroin 10-15 mg 60 mg 200 mg
Fentanyl 25 micrograms 2 mg
OxyContin 10 mg 40 mg 160 mg
1 mg = 1000 micrograms
Pharmacology
Raw opium is about 10% morphine, smaller
amount of codeine
Heroin is made by adding two acetyl
groups
Allows passing through blood-brain barrier faster
Mouse Party
Enkephalins – adrenal gland
Endorphins – pituitary gland
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Medical Uses
Pain relief
Treatment of intestinal
disorders
Cough suppressant
Physical Effects
Drowsiness (nodding out), vomiting,
nausea, and difficulty concentrating
Euphoria
Gradually anesthetizing sensations
Difficulty urinating, constipation
Constricted pupils
Emotional Effects
Relief from anxiety, hostility, feelings of
inadequacy, and aggression
Difficulty regulating inhibitions and
frequently make risky decisions
Social Effects
Alienated from and hostile toward friends
and family
Correlated with criminal behavior,
unemployment, and violence
Review: Heroin’s effects do not
include:
0%
87%
0%
13% A. Sleepiness
B. Euphoria
C. Agitation
D. Pain relief
Review: which of the following is
NOT a medical use for narcotics?
A. Cough
suppressant
B. Stop diarrhea
C. Induce sleep
D. Pain relief
Cough su
ppress
ant
Stop d
iarrhea
Induce
sleep
Pain re
lief
10%
0%
71%
19%
Dependency
About half of narcotic abusers become dependent:
Tolerance
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Can develop in less than two weeks
Average addiction is six to eight years (aging out)
Acute ToxicityBehavioral
Respiratory depression can be fatal
Synergistic effect when combined with
depressants
Opioid Triad Coma
Depressed respiration
Pinpoint pupils
Chronic Toxicity
Blood borne pathogens
Contaminants
Infections
Which is an example of chronic
physiologic toxicity?
A. Making bad decisions
while high
B. Committing crimes to
obtain the drug
C. Acquiring an HIV
infection through use of
unclean needles
D. Depressed respiration
Makin
g bad d
ecisio
ns wh...
Comm
ittin
g crim
es to o
b...
Acquiri
ng an H
IV in
fect
i..
Depress
ed resp
iratio
n
0%
18%
77%
5%
Withdrawal
Factors affecting the difficulty of withdrawal:
Social support network
Desire to stop
Physical environment during withdrawal
Alternative opiates
Signs Heroin or
Morphine
Methadone
Craving for drugs, anxiety 6 24
Yawning, perspiration, running nose, teary eyes 14 34-48
Increase in above signs plus pupil dilation, goose bumps,
tremors, hot and cold flashes, aching bones and
muscles, loss of appetite
16 48-72
Increased intensity of above, plus insomnia; raised blood
pressure; increased temperature, pulse rate, respiratory
rate and depth; restlessness; nausea24-36
Increased intensity of above, plus curled-up position,
vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, spontaneous ejaculation
or orgasm, hemoconcentration, increased blood sugar
36-48
(hours after last dose)
Narcotic
Withdrawal
Opioid Antagonists/Agonists
Naloxone - Narcan
Suboxone
Naloxone & Buprenorphine
Methadone
Opinion: Do you agree with the
use of suboxone or methadone to
help a person quit using opioids?
0%
0% A. Yes
B. No
Which drug has the most
dangerous withdrawal syndrome?
A. Heroin
B. Morphine
C. LSD
D. Alcohol
Heroin
Morp
hine
LSD
Alcohol
0% 0%0%0%
I think Needle Exchange
Programs are a good idea.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%