Download - SMV5533 Rekabentuk dan Styling Auto - Faculty of …arahim/smv5533 present1a.pdf · SMV5533 Rekabentuk dan Styling Auto Pensyarah: Abdul Rahim Abu Bakar Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid. Contents

SMV5533 SMV5533 Rekabentuk danRekabentuk dan

Styling AutoStyling Auto

PensyarahPensyarah::Abdul Abdul Rahim Rahim Abu Abu BakarBakarMohdMohd Kameil Abdul Kameil Abdul HamidHamid

ContentsContentsCH. 1 Intro. to Automotive Styling History. CH. 2 AestheticsCH. 3 Overview of Automotive Styling ProcessCH. 4 Intro. to CAD using 3DS MaxCH. 5 Tape Drawing ExerciseCH. 6 Clay ModelingCH. 7 Intro. to ErgonomisCH. 8 Product Presentation

Automotive HistoryAutomotive History•• Start when car become availableStart when car become available

Whole design effort was concentrated on the Whole design effort was concentrated on the engine & transmission systemengine & transmission system

1.0 Introduction1.0 Introduction

Vauxhall Passenger Car, 1908

Berliet Omnibus, 1909

Automotive Styling Automotive Styling –– The Need The Need ‘Style sells cars’‘Style sells cars’‘Cars are designed to accommodate mechanical ‘Cars are designed to accommodate mechanical parts, to reduce wind resistance and save fuel, to parts, to reduce wind resistance and save fuel, to carry passengers and cargo, carry passengers and cargo, to please consumers’ to please consumers’ eyes and egoseyes and egos, and, above all, to increase sales and , and, above all, to increase sales and make money.’make money.’

1.0 Introduction1.0 Introduction

Automotive Styling HistoryAutomotive Styling History•• 1927 American GM car co started the Art & 1927 American GM car co started the Art & ColorColor

Section to develop the aesthetic of the automobile’s Section to develop the aesthetic of the automobile’s exterior. exterior.

•• The most influential man is Harley Earl, the chief of The most influential man is Harley Earl, the chief of GM’s Art & GM’s Art & ColorColor Section. Section.

•• Earl was responsible for elevating the conception of Earl was responsible for elevating the conception of the car from a machine to a piece of moving sculpture.the car from a machine to a piece of moving sculpture.

1.1 Styling Introduction1.1 Styling Introduction

LaSalle 1934 LaSalle 1934 -- Harley Earl’s most Harley Earl’s most successful car designsuccessful car design LeSabreLeSabre -- Harley Earl with a clay Harley Earl with a clay

model of themodel of the LeSabreLeSabre dream car. dream car.

Automotive Styling HistoryAutomotive Styling History•• Early 1950s styling become more importantEarly 1950s styling become more important


Buick "Y Job" Buick "Y Job" one of Earl's most one of Earl's most famous designsfamous designs

1948 Tailfin 1948 Tailfin CADILLACCADILLAC

Automotive Styling HistoryAutomotive Styling History•• classic chrome, two tone paint, tail fins, classic chrome, two tone paint, tail fins,

hardtops and wrap around windshieldshardtops and wrap around windshields


Styling Styling IssuesIssues

AestheticExterior/interior

ErgonomicsAerodynamics

American CarsAmerican Cars

FORDFORD BUICKBUICK

CHEVROLETCHEVROLET CADILLACCADILLAC

European CarsEuropean Cars

MERCEDEZMERCEDEZ

CITROENCITROEN

JAGUARJAGUAR

Japanese CarJapanese Car

Honda Civic 2006Honda Civic 2006

1.2 Mercedes Benz History1.2 Mercedes Benz HistoryGerman German brabrandednded cars, cars, from from DaimlerChryslerDaimlerChryslerco. (formerly known as co. (formerly known as DaimlerDaimler--Benz),Benz),MercedesMercedes--Benz is the Benz is the world's oldest world's oldest automobile automobile manufacturer manufacturer 1930 Mercedes-Benz SSK "Count Trossi

The logo is the threeThe logo is the three--pointed silver pointed silver star enclosed in a circle, symbolizes star enclosed in a circle, symbolizes Daimler's original quest to provide Daimler's original quest to provide small powerful engines to travel on small powerful engines to travel on land, sea and air. land, sea and air.

18711871,, Karl Benz Karl Benz together with August Ritter form his together with August Ritter form his first company, the "Iron Foundry and Machine Shop". first company, the "Iron Foundry and Machine Shop". 1879/801879/80, Karl Benz had developed his first working two, Karl Benz had developed his first working two--stroke engine. stroke engine. 1885. The first motor cycle. 1885. The first motor cycle. Gottlieb Daimler makes Gottlieb Daimler makes further improvements to the fourfurther improvements to the four--stroke singlestroke single--cylinder cylinder engine. and fits it in a twoengine. and fits it in a two--wheeler which he had wheeler which he had designed himself. designed himself. 1886. The Daimler Motor Carriage. 1886. The Daimler Motor Carriage. Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Daimler orders a fourorders a four--wheeler carriage from coach makerswheeler carriage from coach makersWimpffWimpff && SohnSohn into which he fitted his 1.1 hp engine. On into which he fitted his 1.1 hp engine. On January 29, January 29, 18861886 the Imperial Patent Office in Berlin the Imperial Patent Office in Berlin granted Karl Benz German Patent No. 37435 for the granted Karl Benz German Patent No. 37435 for the world's first motor car. Its 0.7 hp world's first motor car. Its 0.7 hp 1898. The name Mercedes.1898. The name Mercedes. EmilEmil JellinekJellinek, Austrian, Austrian--Hungarian guy took part in the NiceHungarian guy took part in the Nice--MagagnonMagagnon--Nice rally Nice rally under the pseudonym Mercedes, his daughter's name. under the pseudonym Mercedes, his daughter's name.

1909. Daimler's star. 1909. Daimler's star. The star trademark came from The star trademark came from Gottlieb Daimler's sons. Their father had once sent his wife Gottlieb Daimler's sons. Their father had once sent his wife a postcard with a star marking out the house where he was a postcard with a star marking out the house where he was living inliving in DeutzDeutz. "One day this star will shine down on my . "One day this star will shine down on my work", he said. work", he said. Its three points symbolizes the three Its three points symbolizes the three branches of motorization: on land, on water and in the air. branches of motorization: on land, on water and in the air. 1924.The Merger1924.The Merger. Daimler . Daimler Motoren GesellschaftMotoren Gesellschaft and Benz and Benz && CieCie. co. co--ordinate their production activities and two years ordinate their production activities and two years later merged into present day Mercedes Benz. later merged into present day Mercedes Benz. 19341934--1936. The dream cars of the 30's.1936. The dream cars of the 30's. The 500 K and The 500 K and 540 K were among the most wanted cars. 540 K sports car 540 K were among the most wanted cars. 540 K sports car is one of allis one of all--time showpieces of automotive engineering. time showpieces of automotive engineering. 1949. The first new post1949. The first new post--war developments.war developments. First new First new postpost--war development: a diesel version of the 170, which war development: a diesel version of the 170, which soon became a bestsoon became a best--seller. seller.

MercedesMercedes--Benz focus on high quality and state of the Benz focus on high quality and state of the art engineering. art engineering. Expensive and produce in lower volumes compared Expensive and produce in lower volumes compared to cheaper cars. to cheaper cars.

An image of An image of superior superior engineering, engineering, quality, and quality, and service. service.

The cars are The cars are often the choice often the choice for the rich and for the rich and famous. famous.

2.0 Designer2.0 Designer’’s basic knowledges basic knowledge

Knowledge before designing a car.Knowledge before designing a car.

Types of different categories of car.Types of different categories of car.

Basic automotive body types.Basic automotive body types.

Vehicle descriptive terminology.Vehicle descriptive terminology.

2.0 Designer2.0 Designer’’s basic knowledges basic knowledge3 main current styles in automotive design:3 main current styles in automotive design:(i) Homogenous (Bauhaus) that can be found in Audi (i) Homogenous (Bauhaus) that can be found in Audi or Volkswagen cars. The designs are boxier and or Volkswagen cars. The designs are boxier and geometry shape.geometry shape.

(ii) New Age that can be found in Ford. Ford (ii) New Age that can be found in Ford. Ford introduced the new styles, which is more on shape introduced the new styles, which is more on shape edges surfaces and futuristic aesthetic.edges surfaces and futuristic aesthetic.

(iii) Flawing Surface is becoming an icon design for (iii) Flawing Surface is becoming an icon design for BMW and it is more aggressive in styling design.BMW and it is more aggressive in styling design.

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarSedan/Saloon carSedan/Saloon car

most common for modern car, with most common for modern car, with fourfour--door passenger compartment door passenger compartment between the lower hood between the lower hood –– covering covering the engine in the front, and the the engine in the front, and the lower trunk at the rear. lower trunk at the rear.

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarMini Mini car / small carcar / small car

Small size car Small size car The original The original MiniMini was a revolutionary and distinctive was a revolutionary and distinctive small car designed for the British Motor Corporation small car designed for the British Motor Corporation (BMC) by Sir Alec (BMC) by Sir Alec IssigorisIssigoris (1906(1906––1988). 1988).

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarA coupeA coupe --

2 doors with 2 / 4 2 doors with 2 / 4 --seatersseaters car.car.Fixed roof and doors are Fixed roof and doors are longer than those of a longer than those of a sedan. sedan.

In some cases the In some cases the rear seats are small rear seats are small and not intended for and not intended for regular use; this is regular use; this is often called a 2+2. often called a 2+2.

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarHatchbaHatchback ck ––

Rear door wt back window that opens vertically to access a Rear door wt back window that opens vertically to access a storage area not separated from the rest of the passenger storage area not separated from the rest of the passenger compartment. compartment. May be 2 or 4 doors and 2 or 4 seats.May be 2 or 4 doors and 2 or 4 seats.Known as 3 door or 5 door in England. Known as 3 door or 5 door in England.

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarRoadster Roadster ––

Two seat open car with minimal weather protection. Two seat open car with minimal weather protection. Folding top with side curtains, but with no side glass. Folding top with side curtains, but with no side glass. Also called Also called convertible sport carconvertible sport car

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarSport Utilities VehiclesSport Utilities Vehicles

Derivative of offDerivative of off--road or fourroad or four--wheel drive vehicles but wheel drive vehicles but with carwith car--like levels of interior comfort and drivability. like levels of interior comfort and drivability. Also sometimes called a "softAlso sometimes called a "soft--roaderroader". ".

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarMMPVPV -- MultiMulti--purpose vehicle, a large car which purpose vehicle, a large car which easily convertible to facilitate loading of goods easily convertible to facilitate loading of goods or to carry people.or to carry people.

2.1 Types of Car2.1 Types of CarConcept CarConcept Car

Designed for future and most are Designed for future and most are futuristicfuturisticEvolve and make changes in the Evolve and make changes in the technology of automotive design.technology of automotive design.Method to survey the potential Method to survey the potential market and response of the usersmarket and response of the users

2.2 Car Terminology2.2 Car TerminologyCar parts terminologyCar parts terminology

6. Licenses plate6. Licenses plate7.Radiator intake7.Radiator intake8. Front bumper8. Front bumper9. Front fender 9. Front fender 10. Bumper shut lines10. Bumper shut lines

1. Front1. Front-- headerheader2. Cowl2. Cowl3. Hoot (boot)3. Hoot (boot)4. Headlights4. Headlights5. Grille5. Grille

11. Rear fender 11. Rear fender 12. Trunk12. Trunk13. C13. C--pillarpillar14. Roof seal14. Roof seal15. A15. A-- pillar pillar

2.2 Car Terminology2.2 Car TerminologyCar parts terminologyCar parts terminology

20. Exhaust20. Exhaust21. Rear wheel 21. Rear wheel

arch (eye brow)arch (eye brow)22. Feature line22. Feature line23. Lower23. Lower-- seal seal

(side skirt)(side skirt)

16. Rear16. Rear-- headerheader17. Belt17. Belt-- line (waist/ line (waist/

shoulder)shoulder)18. Rear lights18. Rear lights19. Rear bumper19. Rear bumper

24. Front wheel arch 24. Front wheel arch (eye brow)(eye brow)

25. Side mirrors25. Side mirrors26. B26. B-- pillarpillar

2.3 Sketch Basics2.3 Sketch BasicsQuick sketch capabilities Quick sketch capabilities -- to visualize the design to visualize the design concept in any occasion. concept in any occasion. The effectiveness of sketching and rendering as a The effectiveness of sketching and rendering as a basic tool for thinking and communication of ideas for basic tool for thinking and communication of ideas for designer.designer.Automotive designer need to produce the new design Automotive designer need to produce the new design concept continuously and improve the vehicle design. concept continuously and improve the vehicle design. Styling in automotive designs are becoming more Styling in automotive designs are becoming more interesting and challenging for designers because the interesting and challenging for designers because the consumers are becoming far more demanding with the consumers are becoming far more demanding with the quality, design, value, performance and safety in quality, design, value, performance and safety in vehicles design.vehicles design.

2.3 Sketch Basics2.3 Sketch Basics1. Position the wheels 1. Position the wheels –– to to

decide the perspective decide the perspective

2. Determine the 2. Determine the basic construction basic construction and balance of the and balance of the carcar

Source: Source: kotanezukotanezu.com.com

2.3 Sketch Basics2.3 Sketch Basics

3. Add thicker lines and 3. Add thicker lines and surfaces to your carsurfaces to your car

4. Draw 4. Draw different different viewsviews

Source: Source: kotanezukotanezu.com.com

2.4 Perspective Drawing2.4 Perspective Drawing

Real car is observed in different perspectives Real car is observed in different perspectives Basically 3 methods of drawing perspective: Basically 3 methods of drawing perspective: the one the one point systempoint system, , the two point systemthe two point system and and the three point the three point system.system.

1. The one point system1. The one point systemSimple and basic method.Simple and basic method.Viewer see the front of the car and a little of the sides.Viewer see the front of the car and a little of the sides.All lines at the side of the object will converge to the All lines at the side of the object will converge to the vanishing point (VP). vanishing point (VP). In this method, all vertical and horizontal lines are parallel In this method, all vertical and horizontal lines are parallel in drawing. in drawing.

The one point perspectiveThe one point perspective


The side view of one point perspectiveThe side view of one point perspective


2. Two- point Perspective System (Horizontal)Two vanishing points. Therefore the viewer can see two or more sides of the car in a drawing. All vertical lines in the drawing are parallel and perpendicular to the horizon line.


Viewer sees the front and the side of the car in the box Viewer sees the front and the side of the car in the box constructed from the two vanishing points.constructed from the two vanishing points.

Two- point Perspective System (Horizontal)Two vanishing points under the horizontal line.The viewer can see three sides of the car in a drawing. All vertical lines in the drawing are parallel and perpendicular to the horizon line.


Below eye level, viewer will see the front, side and top of Below eye level, viewer will see the front, side and top of the car. Also described as the three quarter front view. the car. Also described as the three quarter front view.

Two- point Perspective System (Horizontal)Two vanishing points under the horizontal line.The viewer can see three sides of the car in a drawing.


Viewer will see the whole top view of the car with interior Viewer will see the whole top view of the car with interior cabin and side view of the car.cabin and side view of the car.

Two-point Perspective System(Vertical)

Vanishing line on the vertical Vanishing line on the vertical line line To show the view from above or To show the view from above or below, while maintaining the below, while maintaining the front view. front view. The car is viewed from above The car is viewed from above eye level and it still remains to eye level and it still remains to see the front of the car.see the front of the car.



Vanishing line on the vertical Vanishing line on the vertical line line To show the view from above or To show the view from above or below, while maintaining the below, while maintaining the front view. front view. Below eye level, the lines from Below eye level, the lines from VP1 are longer than the line VP1 are longer than the line from VP2. This will construct from VP2. This will construct the perspective which viewer the perspective which viewer will see the top and the front will see the top and the front view of theview of the



Vanishing line on the vertical Vanishing line on the vertical line line To show the view from above or To show the view from above or below, while maintaining the below, while maintaining the front view. front view. VP2 lines are longer than VP1 VP2 lines are longer than VP1 lines. Viewer will see the proper lines. Viewer will see the proper front view of the car below eye front view of the car below eye level.level.


Three-point Perspective Three VPs construct Three VPs construct the perspective view of the perspective view of three quarter front view three quarter front view (below eye level).(below eye level).Most accurate method Most accurate method 4 perspective drawing.4 perspective drawing.Produce a car that Produce a car that looks like 3D visual.looks like 3D visual.VP1 and VP2 lines are VP1 and VP2 lines are horizontal and VP3 line horizontal and VP3 line is vertical.is vertical.


Three-point Perspective The car is at the The car is at the horizontal line with horizontal line with three vanishing points.three vanishing points.Viewer will see the Viewer will see the front and the side of the front and the side of the car.car.VP1 and VP2 lines are VP1 and VP2 lines are horizontal and VP3 line horizontal and VP3 line is vertical.is vertical.


Convergence linesConvergence linesThe lines will come together and converge to the same The lines will come together and converge to the same vanishing point. vanishing point. The back of the car will appear smaller.The back of the car will appear smaller.


ForeshorteningForeshorteningForeshortening means that the lengths of a car further away, Foreshortening means that the lengths of a car further away, it is smaller and shorter than actual size. it is smaller and shorter than actual size. In figure below, both cars have the same size in drawing, but In figure below, both cars have the same size in drawing, but the car in perspective view look smaller and shorter than the the car in perspective view look smaller and shorter than the one in isometric view.one in isometric view.


Effect of foreshortening: Different views of the Effect of foreshortening: Different views of the car create different degrees of foreshortening.car create different degrees of foreshortening.

ForeshorteningForeshortening

The effect of The effect of foreshortening when foreshortening when the car is rotated from the car is rotated from the side view until the the side view until the front view of the car. front view of the car. Each view is Each view is constructed from constructed from different angle.different angle.


i. Data research analysisi. Data research analysis

3.0 Design Process3.0 Design Process

ii. Idea Sketchingii. Idea Sketching


iii. Renderingiii. Rendering


Rendering: Designs are assessed at this Rendering: Designs are assessed at this stage. Package sketches of the side, front stage. Package sketches of the side, front and rear provided by the design engineers and rear provided by the design engineers

are evaluated from technical and legal are evaluated from technical and legal standpoints to develop the design for use standpoints to develop the design for use

in the real worldin the real world

iv. 3D CAD Drawingsiv. 3D CAD Drawings


v. Full Scale Tape Drawingv. Full Scale Tape Drawing


FullFull--scale Renderingscale RenderingThe draft design is enlarged to fullThe draft design is enlarged to full--scale scale size, but most of the details are abbreviated.size, but most of the details are abbreviated.FullFull--scale Tape Drawingscale Tape DrawingA design diagram is drawn so that a fullA design diagram is drawn so that a full--scale model can be made. As with the scale model can be made. As with the ¼¼--scale tape drawing, the sketches are done scale tape drawing, the sketches are done while simultaneously checking the side, while simultaneously checking the side, front, rear and top views. front, rear and top views.

vi. Full Scale Model vi. Full Scale Model


FullFull--scale Modelingscale Modeling3D model is created to allow inspection of 3D model is created to allow inspection of engineering aspects and to assess the design. engineering aspects and to assess the design. A lowA low--deformation resin material is shaped and deformation resin material is shaped and then painted to give the concept a more then painted to give the concept a more realistic image and feel. Detailed mockrealistic image and feel. Detailed mock--ups of ups of the trim pieces are also made and attached to the trim pieces are also made and attached to the body to complete the fullthe body to complete the full--scale model. scale model.

vii. vii. CADCAD--Styling : Digital Design "Virtual Presentation"Styling : Digital Design "Virtual Presentation"


..FullFull--scale Tape Drawingscale Tape DrawingA design diagram is drawn so that a fullA design diagram is drawn so that a full--scale model can be made. As with the scale model can be made. As with the ¼¼--scale tape drawing, the sketches are done scale tape drawing, the sketches are done while simultaneously checking the side, while simultaneously checking the side, front rear and top viewsfront, rear and top views.

Download - SMV5533 Rekabentuk dan Styling Auto - Faculty of …arahim/smv5533 present1a.pdf · SMV5533 Rekabentuk dan Styling Auto Pensyarah: Abdul Rahim Abu Bakar Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid. Contents

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