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THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) TO RIVER TOWBOAT DESIGN
Smart Rivers 2011PIANCNew Orleans, LAUSA
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Authors:
Brant R. Savander, Ph.D., P.E.Principal Research ScientistMaritime Research Associates, LLCAnn Arbor, MIUSA
Gregory LeeNaval ArchitectMarine Design CenterUS Army Corps of EngineersPhiladelphia, PAUSA
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Acknowledgements:
Sergio FifiNaval ArchitectJensen Maritime Consultants, Inc.
Johan SperlingNaval ArchitectJensen Maritime Consultants, Inc.
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OVERVIEWThe Application of CFD to River Towboat Design
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• USACE Towboat Example: EVANICK
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Towboat Design Attributes & Challenges
1. Hull form incorporates propeller tunnels.
2. Steering and flanking rudders ahead and
aft of propeller.
3. Thrust and steering equally important in
ahead and astern operation.
4. Propeller diameter limited and heavily
loaded.
5. Large Variation in barge tow size gives
large range of propeller operating points.
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• USACE: 114-ft, 1500-hp per shaft
• Steering & Flanking Rudders• Strut• Propeller Diameter & Tip Clearance
• Wake Adapted Blade Shape• Wake Aligned Appendages• Comparison to Z-Drives
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USACE 114-FT TOWBOAT APPLICATION
The Application of CFD to River Towboat Design
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Design & Analysis Objectives:
1. Wake alignment of struts and rudders.
2. Wake adapted propeller design.
3. Propeller diameter trade-off analysis:
efficiency vs. pressure pulse levels.
4. Match propeller and hull to a “wide
operating speed range” rated engine.
5. Evaluate maximum forces on steering and
flanking rudders at hard over angles.
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Outboard Profile
• LOA: 114’-0’’• BOA: 35’-0’’• Depth: 10’-3’’ (molded)• Max. Air Draft: 60’-6’’
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• General Arrangement
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NUMERICAL TOWING TANK – FULL SCALE
The Application of CFD to River Towboat Design
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Computational Geometry
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Computational Domain: Full Scale Tank
Lateral Symmetry
Bottom Boundary
Velocity Inlet
Pressure Outlet
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Computational Domain: Full Scale Tank
Lateral Symmetry
Bottom Boundary
Velocity Inlet
Free Surface
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Rudder and Propeller Mesh
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Rudder and Propeller Mesh
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Results: Full Resolution of Pressure Field
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Results: Full Resolution of Velocity Field
-7.2o
-3.3o
-5.9o
2.3o
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Stock Appendages: Axial Velocity
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Wake Adapted App.: Axial Velocity
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USACE TOWBOAT PROPELLER
The Application of CFD to River Towboat Design
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Propeller Drawing
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Propeller Distributions
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RUDDER ANGLE VARIATION
The Application of CFD to River Towboat Design
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Example: Steering Rudders – 20 deg.
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Free Surface: Steering 20-deg
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Streamlines: Steering 20-deg
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Steering Angle Force Summary
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Flanking Rudder Angle Force Summary
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RESULTS & CONCLUSIONSThe Application of CFD to River Towboat Design
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Results: Struts & Rudders
1. Inboard Flanking Rudder: LE outboard 3.3
deg.
2. Outboard Flanking Rudder: LE outboard
7.2 deg.
3. Inboard Steering Rudder: LE inboard 2.3
deg.
4. Outboard Steering Rudder: LE outboard
5.9 deg.
5. Maximum Rudder Side Force: 40-45 deg.
6. Struts – Wake Aligned at ahead speed of
8.7 kts.
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Results: Propeller
1. Compared w/ flat face geometry
a. 35 % reduction in unsteady shaft thrust and torque amplitude.
b. 25 % reduction in radiated pressure pulse levels.
c. 3 % increase in openwater efficiency.
d. Tip clearance reduced from 15% D to 10% D.
e. Propeller diameter increase from 79’’ to 82.5’’
2. Full 3D CNC propeller models. ABS Class.
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Overview 114-ft Towboat Numerical Towing Tank Propeller Rudder AOA Closure
• Closure
Thank You .