July 2009
Slovenia’s Accession to the OECD…from a Statistical Perspective
Working Party on National Accounts4 November, 2009
1. What is the OECD?
2. The OECD “Statistical System”
3. Role for statistics in accession reviews
4. Accession: Statistical reviews and integration
5. Benefits to accession countries and to the OECD
6. A glimpse at the Slovenia among OECD Members
7. Examples of future coverage in OECD Reports
Overview
Origins of the OECD
• Origins date from end of WW II (1948)
• Organisation for European Economic Cooperation
• European restructuring after Marshall Plan
• Became OECD in 1961; with USA and Canada
• Soon after, Japan joined as well
• Promotes economic stability and democracy
• For members and developing countries
• Now 30 member countries; Soon to be more!
� 2007: OECD embarked on an ambitious
program of enlargement
� Formal accession applications by: Chile,
Estonia, Israel, Slovenia, Russian Federation
� Formal “Roadmaps” for accession process
� Enhanced Engagement with: Brazil, China,
India, Indonesia, South Africa
� Reflects the OECD Mandate as a hub for
discussion of global issues
OECD Enlargement
30 Member Countries…and more
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyJapan
KoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUK USA
EU Commission also participates in OECD work
Accession in 2010?ChileEstoniaIsraelSlovenia
Accession in 2011??Russian Federation
Accession and Enhanced Engagement
OECD members Accession countries Enhanced Engagement
The OECD: A tool for governments
• Compare policy experiences; best practices
• Coordinate domestic and international policies
• Key method: collect and publish statistics
• Operates on peer advice and peer pressure
• OECD advice considered “soft law” that…
• Sometimes leads to binding treaties
• Tax havens and grey list
• Standards for transparency and open information.
Some figures
• More than 200 Committees and sub-bodies
• 40,000 delegates attend meetings each year
• Some 2,500 staff
• Budget of 320 million Euros in 2009
• Members spend as many €s to participate
• USA pays 25%; Japan 14%
• Slovenia and other A4 pay 2.4 M€ or 0.75%
� In a globalised world, international comparisons are more important than ever.
� OECD is one of the world’s foremost and respected sources of internationally-comparable statistics
� Understanding definitions and methods is essential
if country data are to be compared and analysed
Why include “statistics” in the enlargement process?
� No Legal Instruments pertaining to Statistics…but
� Roadmaps included Statistics &Statistical Systems
� Statistics are fundamental
� Statistics underpin all the critical Policy Areas
� Basic obligation of OECD membership:
� “furnish the organisation with the information
necessary for the accomplishment of its tasks”.
� STD developed a structured evaluation process
� Leading to a Formal Review by CSTAT
The Statistical Accession Process
� Review of Legal and Institutional Framework
� Review of Data Quality, Comparability, Integration
� Peer Reviews and Assessments
� Input from other Directorates
� CSTAT reviewed Slovenia and other A4 countries
on October 26
� Formal Opinions to Council by December 2009
Process for Statistical Assessments
� Laws, regulations, policies and best practices to
ensure sound, professional unbiased statistics
� Comparability of accession to OECD countries
� UN’s Fundamental Principles provided template
� Built on appraisals of other international organisations
� Focused discussions during Peer Reviews
� Minor issues for Slovenia. Already being addressed
Legal and Institutional Framework
� Fundamental criteria: “coverage” and “compliance”.
� The variables, time periods and geographic regions
– required by the OECD; and
– typically available from existing members
� Reviews by responsible staff in Secretariat
� In principle, covers all OECD statistics
� Structured reviews of all economic statistics where Statistics Directorate has full or shared responsibilities
Data Quality and Comparability
� National Accounts
� Business Register and Business Statistics
� Financial Statistics
� International Trade in Goods and Services
� Balance of Payments
� Prices and Purchasing Power Parities
� Labour and Labour Compensation
� Indexes of Production and Demand
� Short-term Financial Statistics
� Business Tendency & Consumer Opinion Surveys
� Well-being
Statistics Directorate Responsibilities
� Several days of interviews by subject
� Identify any outstanding deficiencies
� Is country committed to resolve deficiencies?
� Are there realistic, funded plans in place?
� The Peers approved reports for CSTAT
Peer Review by OECD Country Experts
� Special closed session to reach agreement
� “Formal Opinion” is Secret…yet to be approved
� Views on Slovenian system were positive
� Few compliance and coverage gaps remain
� E.g. National Accounts; Financial Statistics
� Also environment and S&T statistics
� No formal Progress Report will be required
CSTAT Review
� Considerable work by accession countries to
document, understand and assess statistics
� International comparability; Share best practices
� Support and guidance to improve programmes
� New dissemination methods & visualisation tools
� Enhanced co-ordination within country
� (Sometimes) Access to additional resources
Benefits to Countries
� First time for such a comprehensive review
� Improved internal relations and coordination
� Improved clarity and organisation of OECD
statistical requirements
� Rationalisation of special OECD requirements
� ‘Jump start’ for effective new partner relationships
� And…a better understanding of Slovenian data
and metadata than of most OECD countries!
� And a better understanding of Slovenia too
Benefits to the OECD
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
Tu
rke
y
Me
xic
o
Ch
ile
Po
lan
d
Hu
ng
ary
Est
on
ia
Slo
va
k R
ep
ub
lic
Po
rtu
ga
l
Cze
ch
Re
pu
bli
c
Ne
w Z
ea
lan
d
Slo
ve
nia
Isra
el
Ko
rea
Gre
ec
e
Ita
ly
Sp
ain
Fra
nc
e
OE
CD
-T
ota
l
Jap
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Be
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Fin
lan
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Ge
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ny
Un
ite
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do
m
De
nm
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Ice
lan
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Sw
ed
en
Au
stri
a
Au
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Ca
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Ne
the
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nd
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Ire
lan
d
Sw
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Un
ite
d S
tate
s
No
rwa
y
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg
GDP per capitaUS dollars, Current prices, PPPs, 2008
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Ital
y
Po
rtu
gal
Ge
rman
y
De
nm
ark
Jap
an
Fran
ce
Ne
the
rlan
ds
Be
lgiu
m
Swit
zerl
and
OEC
D -
Tota
l
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
Un
ite
d K
ingd
om
Au
stri
a
No
rway
Can
ada
Swe
de
n
Me
xico
Ne
w Z
eal
and
Fin
lan
d
Spai
n
Au
stra
lia
Hu
nga
ry
Isra
el
Gre
ece
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Ice
lan
d
Ire
lan
d
Ch
ile
Ko
rea
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Slo
ven
ia
Po
lan
d
Turk
ey
Esto
nia
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
GDP growth 2001 to 2008
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Un
ite
dS
tate
s
Jap
an
Au
stra
lia
Tu
rke
y
Fra
nc
e
OE
CD
tota
l
Un
ite
dK
ing
do
m
Gre
ec
e
Ne
wZ
ea
lan
d
Me
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o
Ita
ly
Sp
ain
Ca
na
da
Po
rtu
ga
l
No
rwa
y
Ch
ile
Ice
lan
d
Po
lan
d
Fin
lan
d
Ge
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ny
Isra
el
Ko
rea
Sw
ed
en
De
nm
ark
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Au
stri
a
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Slo
ve
nia
Ire
lan
d
Cze
ch
Re
pu
bli
c
Hu
ng
ary
Est
on
ia
Slo
va
kR
ep
ub
lic
Be
lgiu
m
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg
Trade in goods and services as percentage of GDP
2007
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Ice
lan
d
No
rwa
y
Ko
rea
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Ne
wZ
ea
lan
d
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Me
xic
o
De
nm
ark
Jap
an
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg
Au
stra
lia
Au
stri
a
Un
ite
dS
tate
s
Ire
lan
d
Slo
ve
nia
Cze
ch
Re
pu
bli
c
Un
ite
dK
ing
do
m
OE
CD
tota
l
Ca
na
da
Ita
ly
Sw
ed
en
Fin
lan
d
Hu
ng
ary
Be
lgiu
m
Po
rtu
ga
l
Fra
nc
e
Gre
ec
e
Sp
ain
Ge
rma
ny
Po
lan
d
Tu
rke
y
Slo
va
kR
ep
ub
lic
Unemployment rate
2007
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jap
an
Re
pu
bli
c
Ko
rea
Ire
lan
d
Ne
the
rla
nd
s
Lu
xe
mb
ou
rg
Sw
itze
rla
nd
Ge
rma
ny
De
nm
ark
Au
stri
a
No
rwa
y
Ita
ly
Be
lgiu
m
OE
CD
tota
l
Fra
nc
e
Un
ite
dS
tate
s
Fin
lan
d
Gre
ec
e
Sw
ed
en
Kin
gd
om
Po
rtu
ga
l
Ca
na
da
Sp
ain
Po
lan
d
Re
pu
bli
c
Slo
ve
nia
Ze
ala
nd
Au
stra
lia
Me
xic
o
Ice
lan
d
Hu
ng
ary
Tu
rke
y
Inflation
2007
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Employer Enterprise Birth and Death rates in Manufacturing1
as a percentage of the population of active enterprises with at least one employee
Employer Birth rate (2006) Employer Death rate (2005)
1.Mining and quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, gas and water
2. Employer enterprises with less than 250 employees
3. Data are based on the Establishments& Business Frame of the Regional Statistical Institute of Andalusia (IEA). The data refer to establishments and enterprises with 4
or more persons engaged carrying an economic activity in Andalusia; they contain active enterprises with headquarters in Andalusia as well as active establishments with
headquarters outside Andalusia. Birth (death) rates include also enterprises and establishment coming (leaving) Andalusia from (to) another region in Spain
Source: OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Employer Enterprise Birth and Death rates in Services1
as a percentage of the population of active enterprises with at least one employee
Employer Birth rate (2006) Employer Death rate (2005)
1.Wholesale and retail trade; Hotels and restaurants; Transport, storage and communications; Financial intermediation; real estate, renting and business activities
2. Employer enterprises with less than 250 employees
3. Data are based on the Establishments& Business Frame of the Regional Statistical Institute of Andalusia (IEA). The data refer to establishments and enterprises
with 4 or more persons engaged carrying an economic activity in Andalusia; they contain active enterprises with headquarters in Andalusia as well as active
establishments with headquarters outside Andalusia. Birth (death) rates include also enterprises and establishment coming (leaving) Andalusia from (to) another
region in Spain
Source: OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Employer Enterprise Birth rates by size class in manufacturing1
as a percentage of the population of active enterprises with at least one employee
1 to 4 5 to 9 10+
1.Mining and quarriyng; Manufacturing; Electricity, gas and water
2. Employer enterprises with less than 250 employees
Source: OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Employer Enterprise Birth rates by size class in services1
as a percentage of the population of active enterprises with at least one employee
1 to 4 5 to 9 10+
1.Wholesale and retail trade; Hotels and restaurants; Transport, storage and communications; Financial intermediation; real estate, renting and business activities
2. Employer enterprises with less than 250 employees
Source: OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme
Slovenia Relative to Other OECD
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Share of high-growth enterprises (employment definition), 2006as a percentage of all enterprises with ten employees or more
Manufacturing(1) Services(2)
1.Mining and quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, gas and water
2.. Wholesale and retail trade; Hotels and restaurants; Transport, storage and communications; Financial intermediation; real
estate, renting and business activities
3. Employer enterprises with less than 250 employees
4. 2005
Source: OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme
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