SKIN SKIN CANCERCANCER
Jess Ahn, Pj Pimental, Jennifer Jess Ahn, Pj Pimental, Jennifer King, Patrick GrayKing, Patrick Gray
What is Skin Cancer? What is Skin Cancer?
Cancer develops when DNA, Cancer develops when DNA, the molecule found in cells that the molecule found in cells that encodes genetic information, encodes genetic information, becomes damaged and the becomes damaged and the body cannot repair the damage. body cannot repair the damage. The damaged cells begins to The damaged cells begins to grow and divide uncontrollably. grow and divide uncontrollably. When this occurs in the skin, When this occurs in the skin, skin cancer develops. As the skin cancer develops. As the damaged cells multiply, a tumor damaged cells multiply, a tumor starts to form. starts to form.
http://http://www.skincarephysicians.com/www.skincarephysicians.com/skincancernet/whatis.htmlskincancernet/whatis.html
PreventionPrevention
Stay out of the sun Stay out of the sun 9AM-3PM9AM-3PM
Seek shadeSeek shade Wear protective Wear protective
clothingclothing Sunscreen SPF!!Sunscreen SPF!! Avoid indoor tanningAvoid indoor tanning
SymptomsSymptoms
ABCDE RULE!ABCDE RULE! A is for asymmetryA is for asymmetry B is for border irregularityB is for border irregularity C is for colorC is for color D is for diameterD is for diameter E is for evolutionE is for evolution http://www.webmd.com/http://www.webmd.com/
melanoma-skin-cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/asymmetryasymmetry
Risk FactorsRisk Factors Fair skinFair skin Less pigment provides less Less pigment provides less
protection from UV raysprotection from UV rays History of sunburnsHistory of sunburns Excessive sun exposureExcessive sun exposure Sunny or high altitude climatesSunny or high altitude climates MolesMoles Family historyFamily history Weak immune systemWeak immune system AgeAge http://www.mayoclinic.com/http://www.mayoclinic.com/
health/skin-cancer/DS00190/health/skin-cancer/DS00190/DSECTION=risk-factorsDSECTION=risk-factors
TreatmentTreatment
Surgery-take out tumor, cut it in thin layersSurgery-take out tumor, cut it in thin layers Radiation therapy-uses high energy x-rays Radiation therapy-uses high energy x-rays
to kill cancer cellsto kill cancer cells Chemotherapy- uses drugs to stop growth Chemotherapy- uses drugs to stop growth
of cancer cellsof cancer cells Photodynamic therapy- uses drug or laser to Photodynamic therapy- uses drug or laser to
kill cancer cellskill cancer cells
StatsStats
1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in course of life timecourse of life time
In past 31 years, most common cancerIn past 31 years, most common cancer 1800 Americans are living with a history of 1800 Americans are living with a history of
melanomamelanoma Skin cancer is the most common form of Skin cancer is the most common form of
cancer in the United Statescancer in the United States
DiagnosisDiagnosis
Early warning signs: suspicious lesions on skinEarly warning signs: suspicious lesions on skin Doctor discusses family history and sunburn Doctor discusses family history and sunburn
historyhistory Skin examination, examines size, shape, color of Skin examination, examines size, shape, color of
suspicious areassuspicious areas Examine lymph glands to check for signs of Examine lymph glands to check for signs of
cancercancer Biopsy, in order to diagnose cancerBiopsy, in order to diagnose cancer http://skincancer.about.com/od/diagnosis/a/diagno
sis.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJyI5P-WpIM
Brain CancerBrain Cancer
ByBy
Beth, Jess, Abby, Jen, Trevor, Beth, Jess, Abby, Jen, Trevor, ConnorConnor
OverviewOverview Brain cancer is: Brain cancer is:
cancer of the cancer of the central information central information processing center processing center of the bodyof the body
Tumor can either Tumor can either be MALIGNANT or be MALIGNANT or BENIGN.BENIGN.
Malignant tumor: Malignant tumor: cancerouscancerous
Benign: no traces Benign: no traces of cancer.of cancer.
Risk factorsRisk factors
Males are at more risk of getting Brain Cancer, but Males are at more risk of getting Brain Cancer, but meningiomas. meningiomas.
Brain Cancer is more likely in Caucasians rather Brain Cancer is more likely in Caucasians rather then the other races.then the other races.
If family members have had brain cancer, they If family members have had brain cancer, they have a higher risk in developing brain cancer as have a higher risk in developing brain cancer as well. well.
People who work with radiation have a very high People who work with radiation have a very high risk of developing brain cancer.risk of developing brain cancer.
StatsStats
Highest percent of people Highest percent of people diagnosed with brain diagnosed with brain cancer is 17.1%. Btw ages cancer is 17.1%. Btw ages 65-7465-74
Highest mortality rate of Highest mortality rate of people with brain cancer people with brain cancer is in the same group it is is in the same group it is highest diagnosed in highest diagnosed in being 23.9% of people being 23.9% of people who die are btw 65-75who die are btw 65-75
5 years survival rates for 5 years survival rates for cancer:cancer:
32.1 percent Caucasian 32.1 percent Caucasian menmen
33.5 percent Caucasian 33.5 percent Caucasian womenwomen
37.7 percent African 37.7 percent African American menAmerican men
37.5 percent for African 37.5 percent for African American womanAmerican woman
Symptoms and diagnosis of brain cancer.Symptoms and diagnosis of brain cancer.
A new seizure in an adultA new seizure in an adult Loss of movement in arms or legs over time.Loss of movement in arms or legs over time. Dizziness, associated with headaches.Dizziness, associated with headaches.
Prevention/TreatmentPrevention/Treatment
Avoid Vynal Chloride, chemical plant, radiation Avoid Vynal Chloride, chemical plant, radiation exposure to the head.exposure to the head.
Eat healthy, visit doctor, donEat healthy, visit doctor, don’’t drink or smoket drink or smoke Once diagnosed with brain cancer you can get a Once diagnosed with brain cancer you can get a
““gamma knifegamma knife”” treatment; non evasive tool treatment; non evasive tool specifically designed to treat many brain cancers. specifically designed to treat many brain cancers. Instead of using a blade it is a from of radiation.Instead of using a blade it is a from of radiation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fioC34LZeg&feature=endscreen&NR=1
Lung Cancer: The FactsLung Cancer: The Facts
This presentation is presented to you by Greg This presentation is presented to you by Greg Albert, Marc LeDrappier, Danny Rito, Andrew Albert, Marc LeDrappier, Danny Rito, Andrew
GregoryGregory
Source, Lungcancer.org and WikipediaSource, Lungcancer.org and Wikipedia
28% OF ALL
CANCER DEATHS
88,000 MEN W
ILL
DIE A
YEAR,
70,000 WOMEN
APPROXIMATLY 220,000 PEOPLE WILL BE DIAGNOSED A YEAR
CIGGERETTES ARE HIGHEST CAUSE
SMOKINGSMOKING
Risk FactorRisk Factor
87% of all Lung 87% of all Lung Cancer is related to Cancer is related to SmokingSmoking
Genetics can also Genetics can also play a role in riskplay a role in risk
Radon, industrial Radon, industrial substances, and air substances, and air pollutionpollution
Statistics & prevalanceStatistics & prevalance The leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among The leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among
both men and women. Lung cancer claims more lives each year both men and women. Lung cancer claims more lives each year than colon, prostate, ovarian, lymph and breast cancers combined.than colon, prostate, ovarian, lymph and breast cancers combined.
The average age at which lung cancer is diagnosed is 71, with less The average age at which lung cancer is diagnosed is 71, with less than 3% of lung cancers diagnosed under the age of 45. than 3% of lung cancers diagnosed under the age of 45.
1 in 13 for man and 1 in 16 for women1 in 13 for man and 1 in 16 for women
The overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of lung cancer is: The overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of lung cancer is: 13.7% for white men 13.7% for white men 18.3% for white women 18.3% for white women 10.8% for black men 10.8% for black men 14.5% for black women14.5% for black women
SymtomsSymtoms
CoughingCoughing Shortness of breathShortness of breath Chest painChest pain Spewing up bloodSpewing up blood
Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancer
Cheyenne PellicoroCheyenne PellicoroErica SpinelliErica SpinelliHeeral PatelHeeral PatelEvan SlassEvan Slass
What is Pancreatic Cancer?What is Pancreatic Cancer?
Cell growth is out of Cell growth is out of control beginning in control beginning in the pancreas. The the pancreas. The cells continue dividing cells continue dividing and form lumps or and form lumps or tumors. tumors.
Statistics Statistics
About 43,920 people will be diagnosed with About 43,920 people will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer pancreatic cancer
About 37,390 people will die of pancreatic About 37,390 people will die of pancreatic cancer.cancer.
The five year survival rate after diagnosis is The five year survival rate after diagnosis is less than five percent.less than five percent.
Since 2004 rates of pancreatic cancer have Since 2004 rates of pancreatic cancer have increased about 1.5 percent per year.increased about 1.5 percent per year.
Risk FactorsRisk Factors
Smoking Smoking AgeAge RaceRace GenderGender Chronic PancreatitisChronic Pancreatitis Diabetes Diabetes DietDiet Religious back ground, most found in Jews than Religious back ground, most found in Jews than
the rest of the population because of a particular the rest of the population because of a particular inherited mutation in the beast cancer gene which inherited mutation in the beast cancer gene which runs in a lot of Jewish families.runs in a lot of Jewish families.
SymptomsSymptoms
Pain in Abdomen Pain in Abdomen Weight lossWeight loss Loss of appetite Loss of appetite Bloating Bloating Diarrhea Diarrhea Jaundice, yellowing of the skin.Jaundice, yellowing of the skin.
PreventionsPreventions
Quit smoking Quit smoking Maintain healthy weightMaintain healthy weight Exercise Exercise Choose healthy dietChoose healthy diet Go to the doctor and get Go to the doctor and get
checkedchecked http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=6wb82qP_UDI&feature=related
Colorectal CancerColorectal Cancer
By: Nick Roesch, Albert Topdjian, Lindsey Caparoso, Elyssa Rudnitsky
Cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon).
StatisticsStatistics• Of cancers that affect both men and women, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States
• The third most common cancer in men and in women.
• The median age for diagnosis is 71
• The median age for death is 75
• Deaths are more common for men than women despite the diagnosis being the same
• %90 survival if the cancer is localized
Risk FactorsRisk Factors Age Age
– More common above 60More common above 60 RaceRace
– African American & Eastern EuropeanAfrican American & Eastern European DietDiet
– high in red or processed meatshigh in red or processed meats– High fat low fiberHigh fat low fiber– Smoking and AlcoholSmoking and Alcohol
Colorectal polyps (a growth that stick out of the lining from the colon or Colorectal polyps (a growth that stick out of the lining from the colon or rectum)rectum)
Lack of exerciseLack of exercise Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes Family history of cancerFamily history of cancer Crohns Disease or Uclerative ColitisCrohns Disease or Uclerative Colitis
Symptoms & DiagnosisSymptoms & Diagnosis
Abdominal pain and Abdominal pain and tendernesstenderness
Blood in the stoolsBlood in the stools DiarrheaDiarrhea Changes in bowel habitsChanges in bowel habits Weight lossWeight loss Test positive for fecal blood Test positive for fecal blood
testtest Colonoscopy (internal Colonoscopy (internal
examination of the colon)examination of the colon) Flexible sigmoidoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy
(check for polyps)(check for polyps)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb55VXQDd8Q
Prevention Prevention
Colon cancer screeningColon cancer screening Remove polypsRemove polyps Low fat, High fiber dietLow fat, High fiber diet MedicationsMedications
– AspirinAspirin
– IbuprofenIbuprofen
TreatmentsTreatments
Surgery Surgery
–Colectlmy (To remove cancer cells)Colectlmy (To remove cancer cells) ChemotherapyChemotherapy Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy
Stomach CancerStomach Canceraka – Gastric Canceraka – Gastric Cancer
Tom, Jaime, Samantha, AmandaTom, Jaime, Samantha, Amanda
Facts about stomach cancerFacts about stomach cancer
Stomach cancer starts in Stomach cancer starts in the stomach, a sack-like the stomach, a sack-like organ that holds food and organ that holds food and begins the digestion begins the digestion process. process.
Cancer can start in any part Cancer can start in any part of the stomach. of the stomach.
As cancer grows deeper As cancer grows deeper into the layers, the into the layers, the prognosis for the patient prognosis for the patient gets worse. Starting from gets worse. Starting from the inside.the inside.
Causes of stomach cancerCauses of stomach cancer Tobacco:Tobacco: Smoking almost doubles the risk of Smoking almost doubles the risk of
stomach cancer.stomach cancer. Diet:Diet: An increased risk of stomach cancer is linked to An increased risk of stomach cancer is linked to
diets high in smoked foods, salted fish and meats and diets high in smoked foods, salted fish and meats and pickled vegetables. pickled vegetables.
-Eating whole grain products and fresh fruits -Eating whole grain products and fresh fruits and vegetables that contain vitamins A and C appears and vegetables that contain vitamins A and C appears to lower the risk of stomach cancer.to lower the risk of stomach cancer.
Gender:Gender: Stomach cancer is more than twice as Stomach cancer is more than twice as common in men.common in men.
Symptoms Symptoms
Discomfort of pain in the stomach areaDiscomfort of pain in the stomach area Difficulty swallowingDifficulty swallowing Nausea and vomitingNausea and vomiting Weight lossWeight loss Feeling full or bloated after a small mealFeeling full or bloated after a small meal Vomiting in stool or when coughingVomiting in stool or when coughing
Diagnosis Diagnosis Physical exam- Doctor feels abdomen for Physical exam- Doctor feels abdomen for
fluid and swelling. Also swollen lymph fluid and swelling. Also swollen lymph nodes.nodes.
Endoscopy- An endoscope, or lighted tube, Endoscopy- An endoscope, or lighted tube, is used to look in stomach through the is used to look in stomach through the esophagus.esophagus.
Biopsy- An endoscope could also remove Biopsy- An endoscope could also remove tissue from the stomach. The tissue is put tissue from the stomach. The tissue is put under a microscope to look for cancer cells. under a microscope to look for cancer cells. Only method to know if cancer is present.Only method to know if cancer is present.
Treatment Treatment
Chemotherapy – drugs Chemotherapy – drugs Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy Surgery Surgery Targeted Therapy - drugsTargeted Therapy - drugs
StatisticsStatistics
Second leading cause of deathSecond leading cause of death About 21,320 cases of stomach cancer will About 21,320 cases of stomach cancer will
be diagnosed be diagnosed About 10,540 people will die from this type About 10,540 people will die from this type
of cancer of cancer The risk of a person developing stomach The risk of a person developing stomach
cancer in their lifetime is about 1 in 114, but cancer in their lifetime is about 1 in 114, but it is slightly higher in men than in women. it is slightly higher in men than in women.
OverviewOverview
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b_nj5yCHJE
Oral CancerOral Cancer
By: Alexandra PaschBy: Alexandra PaschMichael GriffinMichael Griffin
Anderson ChanAnderson ChanDaniel PedrosoDaniel Pedroso
Define the CancerDefine the Cancer
Oral Cancer is cancer of the mouth.Oral Cancer is cancer of the mouth.
Part of the group of head & neck cancersPart of the group of head & neck cancers Can develop in any part of the oral cavity (or Can develop in any part of the oral cavity (or
oropharynx)oropharynx) Almost all oral cancers begin in flat cells—Almost all oral cancers begin in flat cells—
this cancer is called squamous cell this cancer is called squamous cell carcinomas. carcinomas.
4 Statistics/Prevalence4 Statistics/Prevalence
Oral cancer commonly affects the lips and Oral cancer commonly affects the lips and tongue—also can occur in cheek lining, floor tongue—also can occur in cheek lining, floor of mouth, gums, roof of the mouthof mouth, gums, roof of the mouth
Each year (in US), more than 21,000 men Each year (in US), more than 21,000 men and 9,000 women are diagnosed. Most are and 9,000 women are diagnosed. Most are over 60 years old.over 60 years old.
1 person per hour dies of oral cancer1 person per hour dies of oral cancer High death rate—detected late in its High death rate—detected late in its
developmentdevelopment
Risk FactorsRisk Factors
TobaccoTobacco Heavy alcohol useHeavy alcohol use HPV Infection—some HPV viruses can effect the HPV Infection—some HPV viruses can effect the
mouth and throatmouth and throat Sun—cancer of the lip caused by sun exposureSun—cancer of the lip caused by sun exposure Personal history of oral cancerPersonal history of oral cancer Diet—not eating enough fruits and vegetablesDiet—not eating enough fruits and vegetables Betel Nut Use—chewing product commonly used Betel Nut Use—chewing product commonly used
in Asiain Asia
Symptoms/DiagnosisSymptoms/Diagnosis Sore, lump, or ulcer in the mouth:Sore, lump, or ulcer in the mouth:
– May be a deep, hard-edged crack in May be a deep, hard-edged crack in the tissuethe tissue
– Most often pale colored, but may be Most often pale colored, but may be dark or discoloreddark or discolored
– On the tongue, lip, or other area of On the tongue, lip, or other area of the mouththe mouth
– Usually painless at first (may Usually painless at first (may develop a burning sensation or pain develop a burning sensation or pain when the tumor is advanced)when the tumor is advanced)
Video of Symptoms: Video of Symptoms: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqjskh54wOI
Other symptoms that may occur with Other symptoms that may occur with oral cancer include:oral cancer include:
– Chewing problemsChewing problems
– Mouth soresMouth sores
– Pain with swallowingPain with swallowing
– Speech difficultiesSpeech difficulties
– Swallowing difficultySwallowing difficulty
– Swollen lymph nodes in the neckSwollen lymph nodes in the neck
– Tongue problemsTongue problems
– Weight lossWeight loss
PreventionPrevention
Avoid smoking (or Avoid smoking (or other tobacco use)other tobacco use)
Correct any dental Correct any dental problemsproblems
Limit/avoid alcohol useLimit/avoid alcohol use Practice good oral Practice good oral
hygienehygiene
TreatmentTreatment
Small Tumors—surgery is recommendedSmall Tumors—surgery is recommended Larger Tumors—surgery, radiation therapy Larger Tumors—surgery, radiation therapy
and chemotherapyand chemotherapy Surgery is not commonly performed if Surgery is not commonly performed if
cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the neckneck
Other Treatments: therapy to improve Other Treatments: therapy to improve chewing, swallowing and speechchewing, swallowing and speech
SourcesSources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002030/
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/oral/page4oral/page4
http://www.medicinenet.com/oral_cancer/http://www.medicinenet.com/oral_cancer/article.htmarticle.htm
Prostate CancerProstate Cancer
By Ryan Gavin, Alexander Bloom, By Ryan Gavin, Alexander Bloom, Colby Oleksy, Patricia Hwang, Colby Oleksy, Patricia Hwang,
Charley BurrowsCharley Burrows
Prostate CancerProstate Cancer
““Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum).”front of the rectum).”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YA1fumPaf0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YA1fumPaf0
PicturesPictures
Normal Prostate Enlarged Prostate
Statistics and prevalenceStatistics and prevalence
There are an estimated 241,740 new cases of prostate There are an estimated 241,740 new cases of prostate cancer a year.cancer a year.
There is an estimated 28,170 deaths per year.There is an estimated 28,170 deaths per year. Prostate cancer is the most common cause of death in Prostate cancer is the most common cause of death in
men over the age of 75, and is rarely found in men younger men over the age of 75, and is rarely found in men younger than 40.than 40.
1 in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his 1 in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime.lifetime.
Risk FactorsRisk Factors
African-American menAfrican-American men Men who are older than 60Men who are older than 60 Men who have a father or brother with Men who have a father or brother with
prostate cancerprostate cancer Men who use too much alcoholMen who use too much alcohol Men who eat a high fat dietMen who eat a high fat diet
SymptomsSymptoms
Symptoms-Symptoms-– Delayed start of urinary streamDelayed start of urinary stream– Leaking of urineLeaking of urine– Straining when urinatingStraining when urinating– Blood in urineBlood in urine– Bone pain or tenderness in lower back and Bone pain or tenderness in lower back and
pelvispelvis
DiagnosisDiagnosis
A biopsy is the only way to tell if you have A biopsy is the only way to tell if you have prostate cancerprostate cancer
A high PSA level or an examination of the A high PSA level or an examination of the prostate will tell if you need a biopsyprostate will tell if you need a biopsy
PreventionPrevention
If possible, avoid-If possible, avoid-– Agent orangeAgent orange– Eating a high animal fat dietEating a high animal fat diet– Working at a tire plantWorking at a tire plant– Being around paint for an extended period of Being around paint for an extended period of
timetime– Being around cadmiumBeing around cadmium
TreatmentTreatment
SurgerySurgery Radiation TherapyRadiation Therapy Hormone therapyHormone therapy ChemotherapyChemotherapy
SourcesSources
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-key-statisticscancer-key-statistics
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/prostateprostate
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001418/PMH0001418/