Download - Skeletal System
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Skeletal System
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Axial Skeleton
• ______ bones
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Appendicular Skeleton
• __________ bones
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Bony composition
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Endochondral Ossification
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Congenital and Hereditary Diseases
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta1. AKA:
____________________
2. _________ or congenital1. Serious disease
3. Bone cortex is thin and porous, and trabeculae are thin, delicate and widely separated
4. X-ray demonstrates various fractures in various stages of healing and general decrease in bone mass
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Osteogeneis Imperfecta
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Achondroplasia1. Most common inherited
disorder of the skeletal system
2. Results in bone __________ & dwarfism1. Normal trunk size &
shortened extremities2. Usually no more than
_____________ft tall
3. Clinical manifestation:1. Lumbar lordosis, 2. bowed legs, 3. bulky forehead with
hypoplasia,4. narrowing of foramen
magnum causing neural compression
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Achondroplasia
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Osteopetrosis1. Bones are abnormally _________ and _______ but brittle
2. All bones are affected but most changes occur in long bones of extremities, vertebrae, pelvis and base of skull
3. X-rays demonstrate increase in thickness and density of bony cortex.
4. Increase in the # and size of trabeculae, reduction of the marrow space
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Osteopetrosis
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Scoliosis
1. ________ curvature of the spine
2. Does not usually become visible until adolescents
3. Affects girl more
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Scoliosis
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Rotoscoliosis
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Transitional VertebraOften called Lumbar Ribs
1. Takes on characteristics of both vertebrae on each side of a major division of the spine
2. 1st lumbar may have a rib
3. At C7 there may be a cervical rib
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Cervical Ribs & Lumbar Ribs
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Anencephaly
1. Congenital abnormality
2. _______ and _____ do not form
3. Results in death shortly after birth
4. Can be diagnosed with __________ before they are born
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Anencephaly
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Inflammatory Diseases
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
1. Chronic autoimmune that may fluctuate in severity
2. Overgrowth of the ________ _______
3. X-ray shows soft tissue swelling & osteoporosis of affected bone. Bone erosion a& decalcification
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Osteoarthritis1. Most common form of
arthritis
2. Articular cartilage _____________ & gradually is worn away exposing underlying bone
3. Ostephytes & ______ _______ are on x-rays
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Osteoarthritis
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Osteomyelitis1. Infection of the bone &
bone marrow
2. Symptoms & signs include fever, heat in the affected area, & dull pain
3. X-rays demonstrate loss of bone calcium and soft tissue swelling
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Osteomyelitis
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
1. Progressive form of arthritis affecting the spine
2. X-ray shows bilateral narrowing & fuzziness of the SI joints1. Calcification of the
bones of the spine with ossification of the vertebral ligaments
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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Gout1. Is an inherited
metabolic disorder in which excessive amounts of ______ _______is produced & deposited in the joint and adjacent bone
2. Bone changes include erosion & overhanging edges
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Gout
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Spondylolisthesis
1. Slipping of the body of the vertebra
2. Symptoms are similar to those of a herniated disk
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Spondylolisthesis
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Osteochondroma1. _____________ bone tumor
2. Affects women more than men3. Asymptomatic
4. Excessive bone growth
5. Cortex of osteochondroma blends in with normal bone and growth protrudes up & away from nearest joint
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Osteochondroma
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Osteosarcoma1. Most common primary
__________ of the skeleton
2. Highly ___________ and most often occurs in the bone marrow
3. X-ray appears as a sunray or sunburst
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Osteosarcoma
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Bone Cyst
1. Idiopathitic disease and is not a true neoplasm
2. Consists of numerous blood filled arterivenous communications
3. Most common treatment is surgical removal
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Bone Cyst
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MRI1. Superior contrast resolution for soft tissue
detail1. Modality of choice for soft tissue tumor2. Extremely useful in eval of joints
2. MRi detects a larger number of musculoskeletal subtleties with higher resolution imaging
3. Bone marrow imaging is better than nuc med scans for subtle abnormalities
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CT1. Can be performed quickly & noninvasiely
2. Defines extent of fractures and dislocations
3. Superior to MRI for cortical bone and visualization of bony detail
4. Gives better bone detail than plain x-ray
5. Has been largely replaced by MRI for soft tissue
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Nuclear Medicine1. Has advantage over CT & MRI because it can
scan the whole body at one time
2. Can show if an injury is old or new
3. Still the standard for examination of metastatic processes because it demonstrates metabolic reaction of bone to the disease process1. Is more sensitive than comparative radiographic
studies