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UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS
ESPE - EXTENSIN LATACUNGA
ELECTRNICA GENERAL
INFORME
TEMA:
SIMULACIN DE UN CIRCUITO DE POLARIZACIN FIJAEN EMISOR COMN Y DE UN CIRCUITO CONPOLARIZACIN POR MEDIO DE DIVISOR DE VOLTAJE
NOMBRE:
- Bismar Villeas
DOCENTE:
I!" J#li$ A%$s&a
Octubre - Febrero !"#
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"$ Te%&
Sim#la%i'! (e #! %ir%#i&$ (e )$lari*a%i'! +i,a e! emis$r %$m! . (e #! %ir%#i&$ %$!
)$lari*a%i'! )$r me(i$ (e (i/is$r (e /$l&a,e
$ Ob'et()o*
&$ I(e!&i+i%ar el m$(el$ (e &ra!sis&$r BJT e! %$rrie!&e al&er!a"
b$ De&ermi!ar las %$!+i#ra%i$!es 01si%as )ara la %$!e2i'! (e #! &ra!sis&$r
BJT e! %$rrie!&e al&er!a .a sea %ir%#i&$ (e )$lari*a%i'! +i,a e! emis$r
%$m! . %$! )$lari*a%i'! )$r me(i$ (e (i/is$r (e /$l&a,e
c$ A!ali*ar la am)li+i%a%i'! (e /$l&a,e %$! #! &ra!sis&$r BJT %$! la a.#(a(e #! s$+&3are Pr$&e#s 4 Pr$+essi$!al"
+$ M&rco Te,r(co
Moe.o e u/ Tr&/*(*tor B0T
U! m$(el$ es #!a %$m0i!a%i'! (e eleme!&$s (e #! %ir%#i&$5 a)r$)ia(ame!&e
sele%%i$!a($s5 6#e sim#la (e +$rma a)r$2ima(a el %$m)$r&amie!&$ real (e #!
(is)$si&i/$ semi%$!(#%&$r e! %$!(i%i$!es es)e%7+i%as (e $)era%i'!"
U!a /e* 6#e se (e&ermi!a el %ir%#i&$ e6#i/ale!&e (e %$rrie!&e al&er!a5 el s7m0$l$
es6#em1&i%$ (el (is)$si&i/$ )#e(e ser reem)la*a($ )$r es&e %ir%#i&$ e6#i/ale!&e . l$s
m8&$($s 01si%$s (e a!1lisis (e %ir%#i&$s a)li%a($s )ara (e&ermi!ar las %a!&i(a(es
(esea(as (e la re("
C$! el &iem)$5 el #s$ (el m$(el$ re lle' a ser el m8&$($ m1s (esea0le )$r6#e las
%$!(i%i$!es (e $)era%i'! reales (e&ermi!a0a! #! )ar1me&r$ im)$r&a!&e (el %ir%#i&$e6#i/ale!&e e! l#ar (e #&ili*ar el /al$r 6#e a)are%7a e! las 9$,as (e (a&$s 6#e e!
al#!$s %as$s )$(7a ser 0as&a!&e (i+ere!&e" Desa+$r!a(ame!&e5 si! em0ar$5 se &ie!e
6#e se#ir re%#rrie!($ a las 9$,as (e (a&$s )ara al#!$s (e l$s (em1s )ar1me&r$s (el
%ir%#i&$ e6#i/ale!&e" El m$(el$ re !$ i!%l#7a el &8rmi!$ (e realime!&a%i'!5 l$ %#al e!
al#!$s %as$s )#e(e ser im)$r&a!&e5 si !$ es 6#e sim)leme!&e )r$0lem1&i%$"
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E! reali(a(5 el m$(el$ re es #!a /ersi'! re(#%i(a (el m$(el$ ) 970ri($#&ili*a($ %asi
e2%l#si/ame!&e )ara a!1lisis (e al&a +re%#e!%ia" Es&e m$(el$ &am0i8! i!%l#.e #!a
%$!e2i'! e!&re la sali(a . la e!&ra(a )ara i!%l#ir el e+e%&$ (e realime!&a%i'! (el /$l&a,e
(e sali(a . las %a!&i(a(es (e e!&ra(a"
C$m$ s'l$ !$s i!&eresa la res)#es&a (e %a (el %ir%#i&$5 &$(as las +#e!&es (e %( )#e(e!
ser reem)la*a(as )$r #! e6#i/ale!&e (e )$&e!%ial %er$ :%$r&$%ir%#i&$; )$r6#e (e&ermi!a!
s'l$ el !i/el (e %( :!i/el 6#ies%e!&e; (el /$l&a,e (e sali(a . !$ la ma!i( (e la
e2%#rsi'! (e la sali(a (e %a"
Ilustracin 1: Circuito con corriente alterna
El &ra!sis&$r es #! (is)$si&i/$ am)li+i%a($r5 )$(r7am$s es)erar #!a i!(i%a%i'! (e %'m$
se rela%i$!a el /$l&a,e (e sali(a Vo %$! el /$l&a,e (e e!&ra(a Vi , 6#e /ie!e a ser la
a!a!%ia (e /$l&a,e" E! s#ma5 )$r %$!si#ie!&e5 el e6#i/ale!&e (e %a (e #!a re( se
$0&ie!e %$m$ si#e . ?"
V$l/ie!($ a (i0#,ar la re( e! #!a +$rma m1s %$!/e!ie!&e . l'i%a
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Ilustracin 2: Equivalente del circuito con corriente alterna
Co/1(2ur&c(,/ e 3o.&r(4&c(,/ 1('& e/ e%(*or co%5/
Para reali*ar el a!1lisis (e se@al )e6#e@a (e /arias %$!+i#ra%i$!es (e re( (e
&ra!sis&$res es&1!(ar5 #&ili*arem$s l$s m$(el$s (e &ra!sis&$r 6#e a%a0am$s (e )rese!&ar"
Las m$(i+i%a%i$!es (e las %$!+i#ra%i$!es es&1!(ar ser1! rela&i/ame!&e +1%iles (e
e2ami!ar" Para %a(a %$!+i#ra%i'!5 el e+e%&$ (e #!a im)e(a!%ia (e sali(a se e2ami!a%$! &$($ (e&alle"
La )rimera %$!+i#ra%i'! 6#e se a!ali*ar1 e! (e&alle es la re( (e )$lari*a%i'! +i,ae!
emis$r %$m!" O0ser/e6#elase@al (e e!&ra(a Vi se a)li%a a la 0ase (el &ra!sis&$r5 e!
&a!&$ 6#e la sali(a Vo se a)li%a al %$le%&$r" Asimism$5&e!a e! %#e!&a 6#e la %$rrie!&e
(e e!&ra(aIi !$ es la %$rrie!&e (e 0ase5 si!$la %$rrie!&e s#mi!is&ra(a )$r la +#e!&e . 6#e
la %$rrie!&e (e sali(a es la %$rrie!&e (el %$le%&$r"
Ilustracin 3: Confguracin de polarizacin fja en emisor comn
El a!1lisis (e %a (e se@al )e6#e@a se i!i%ia elimi!a!($ l$s e+e%&$s (e %( (e Vcc .
reem)la*a!($ l$s %a)a%i&$res (e 0l$6#e$ C>. C?)$r e6#i/ale!&es (e %$r&$%ir%#i&$ . el
res#l&a($ es la si#ie!&e re("
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Ilustracin 4: n!lisis de Corriente lterna
O0ser/e e! la +i#ra 6#e la &ierra %$m! (e la +#e!&e (e %( . emis$r (el &ra!sis&$r
)ermi&e re#0i%arRB.RC e! )aralel$ %$! las se%%i$!es (e e!&ra(a . sali(a (el &ra!sis&$r
res)e%&i/ame!&e" A(em1s5 $0ser/e la %$l$%a%i'! (e l$s )ar1me&r$s im)$r&a!&es Zi5 Zo5
Ii e Io e! la re( 6#e se /$l/i' a (i0#,ar" S#s&i.e!($ el m$(el$ re)ara la %$!+i#ra%i'!
(e emis$r %$m! (e la +i#ra a!&eri$r $0&e!em$s la re( (e la +i#ra si#ie!&e
El si#ie!&e )as$ es (e&ermi!ar 5 re. ro" La ma!i( (e 5 )$r l$ e!eral5 se $0&ie!e
(e #!a 9$,a (e es)e%i+i%a%i$!es5 )$r me(i%i'! (ire%&a %$! #! &ra*a($r (e %#r/as5 $ #!i!s&r#me!&$ (e )r#e0a (e &ra!sis&$res" El /al$r (e re se (e0e (e&ermi!ar %$! #! a!1lisis
(e %( (el sis&ema .5 )$r l$ %$m!5 la ma!i( (e ro se &$ma (e la 9$,a (e
es)e%i+i%a%i$!es $ )$r las %ara%&er7s&i%as"
S#)$!ie!($6#e 5 re. ro .a se 9a! (e&ermi!a($ $0&e!(rem$s las si#ie!&es e%#a%i$!es
)ara las %ara%&er7s&i%as im)$r&a!&es (e ($s )#er&$s (el sis&ema"
Zi=RBre ohms
Para la ma.$r7a (e las sia%i$!es5RBes ma.$r 6#e re)$r m1s (e #! +a%&$r (e >5 l$
6#e )ermi&e la si#ie!&e a)r$2ima%i'! 5 la a)r$2ima%i'! se a)li%a %$! +re%#e!%ia5 .
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ZoRC ro=10RC
L$s resis&$res ro.RCes&1! e! )aralel$5 (e m$($ 6#e
Av=VoVi= roRC
Si > (e m$($ 6#e )$(em$s )asar )$r al&$ el e+e%&$ (e 5
Av=RC
Re.&c(,/ e 1&*e
El si!$ !ea&i/$ (eAve! la e%#a%i'! res#l&a!&e re/ela 6#e $%#rre #! (es+asamie!&$(e
>4e!&re las se@ales (e e!&ra(a . sali(a5 %$m$ se m#es&ra e! la +i#ra" Es el res#l&a($
(e 6#e Ib es&a0le*%a #!a %$rrie!&e a &ra/8s (eRC la %#al )r$(#%ir1 #! /$l&a,e a &ra/8s
(eRC5 l$ $)#es&$ al (e+i!i($ )$r Vo"
Po.&r(4&c(,/ 3or %e(o e. ()(*or e )o.t&'e
La si#ie!&e %$!+i#ra%i'! 6#e a!ali*arem$s es la re( (e )$lari*a%i'! )$r me(i$ del
divisor de voltaje (e la +i#ra " Re%#er(e 6#e el !$m0re (e la %$!+i#ra%i'! se (eri/a(e la )$lari*a%i'! )$r me(i$ (el (i/is$r (e /$l&a,e e! el la($ (e e!&ra(a )ara (e&ermi!ar
el !i/el (e %( (e VB.
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S#s&i.e!($ el %ir%#i&$ e6#i/ale!&e re $0&e!em$s la re( (e la +i#ra" O0ser/e la
a#se!%ia (eRE (e0i($ al e+e%&$ (e %$r&$%ir%#i&$ (e 0a,a im)e(a!%ia (el %a)a%i&$r (e
)#e!&e$ CE" Es (e%ir5 a la +re%#e!%ia :$ +re%#e!%ias; (e $)era%i'! la rea%&a!%ia (el
%a)a%i&$r es &a! )e6#e@a %$m)ara(a %$!RE5 6#e se %$!si(era %$m$ #! %$r&$%ir%#i&$ a&ra/8s (eRE" C#a!($ VCC se es&a0le%e e! %er$5 %$l$%a #! e2&rem$ (e R>. RCa #!
)$&e!%ial (e &ierra5 %$m$ se m#es&ra e! la si#ie!&e +i#ra"
De la +i#ra %$! Vi a,#s&a(a a V5 . res#l&a
Zo=roRC
Si G > 5
ZoRC
L$s resis&$res ro.RCes&1! e! )aralel$5 )$r l$ &a!&$
Av=Vo
Vi=
roRC
Proteu* 6
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Pr$&e#s es #!a %$m)ila%i'! (e )r$ramas (e (ise@$ . sim#la%i'! ele%&r'!i%a5
(esarr$lla($ )$r La0%e!&er Ele%&r$!i%s 6#e %$!s&a (e l$s ($s )r$ramas )ri!%i)ales