Download - Shaped tube electrolytic machining
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Shaped Tube Electrolytic Machining
Nisarg Shah (11BIE021)Dhruv Patel (11BIE024)Rajat Patel (11BIE025)
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Electrochemical Machining
• Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a Non-traditional machining process that relies on the removal of work piece atoms by electrochemical dissolution.
• The machining current passes through the electrolytic solution that fills the gap between an anodic work piece and a preshaped cathodictool.
• The electrolyte removes the dissolution products, such as metal hydroxides, heat, and gas bubbles, generated in the interelectrodegap.
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• Shaped tube electrolytic machining (STEM) is based on the dissolution process when an electric potential difference is imposed between the anodic work piece and a cathodic tool.
• Because of the presence of this electric field the electrolyte, often a sulphuric acid, causes the anode surface to be removed.
• After the metal ions are dissolved in the solution, they are removed by the electrolyte flow the tool is a conducting cylinder with an insulating coating on the outside and is moved toward the work piece at a certain feed rate while a voltage is applied across the machining gap. In this way a cylindrically shaped hole is obtained.
Introduction
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S.T.E.M
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• STEM is, therefore, a modified variation of the ECM that uses acidic electrolytes.
• The process is capable of producing small holes with diameters of 0.76 to 1.62 mm and a depth-to-diameter ratio of 180:1 in electrically conductive materials.
• It is difficult to machine such small holes using normal ECM as the insoluble precipitates produced obstructs the flow path of the electrolyte.
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Process Parameters
• Electrolyte: Type: Sulphuric, Nitric and Hydrochloric Acids
Concentration: 10–25% weight in water
Temperature: 38°C (sulphuric acid) and 21°C (others)
Pressure: 275–500 kPa
• Voltage:Forwar0d: 8–14 V
Reverse: 0.1–1 times the forward
• Time:Forward: 5–7 s
Reverse: 25–77 ms
• Feed rate: 0.75–3 mm/min
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Process Capabilities
• Hole size: 0.5-6mm diameter at an aspect ratio of 150
• Hole tolerances: 0.5-mm diameter ± 0.050mm
1.5-mm diameter ± 0.075 mm
60-mm diameter ± 0.100 mm
Hole Depth ±0.050 mm
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Advantages
• The depth-to-diameter ratio can be as high as 300.
• A large number of holes (up to 200) can be drilled in the same run.
• Nonparallel holes can be machined.
• Blind holes can be drilled.
• No recast layer or metallurgical defects are produced.
• Shaped and curved holes as well as slots can be produced.
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Limitations
• The process is used for corrosion-resistant metals.
• STEM is slow if single holes are to be drilled.
• A special workplace and environment are required when handling acid.
• Hazardous waste is generated.
• Complex machining and tooling systems are required.
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Applications
• Because the process uses acid electrolytes, its use is limited to drilling holes in stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials in jet engines and gas turbine parts such as:
• Turbine blade cooling holes.
• Fuel nozzles.
• Any holes where EDM recast is not desirable.
• Starting holes for wire EDM.
• Drilling holes for corrosion-resistant metals of low conventional machinability.
• Drilling oil passages in bearings where EDM causes cracks.
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Thank You!!..