Download - Shakespeare: His Life and Times
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Shakespeare: His Life and TimesShakespeare: His Life and Times
Adapted from http://www.public.asu.edu/~muckerrm/English_321_S2005/Introduction.ppt
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Early LifeEarly Life
• (Probably) Born April 23, 1564
• Died April 23, 1616
• Lived in Stratford-upon-Avon, England
• He was the 3rd born of 8 children
• Parents:• Mary—daughter of wealthy landowner• John—glovemaker, local politician
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From: http://www.where-can-i-find.com/tourist-maps.html
Location of Stratford-upon-AvonLocation of Stratford-upon-Avon
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As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896).
Stratford-upon-Avon in Shakespeare’s TimeStratford-upon-Avon in Shakespeare’s Time
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From Stratford’s web site: http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/index.htm
Stratford-upon-Avon Today
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
Shakespeare’s BirthplaceShakespeare’s Birthplace
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• Thought to have attended King’s New School in Stratford
• Left school at age 15• Educated in:
• Rhetoric• Logic• History• Latin
EducationEducation
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
King’s New SchoolKing’s New School
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• At 18, he married 26 year-old Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant at the time with their first daughter
• First daughter was born in 1582• They had twins in 1585• Around 1587, they moved to London and
William began working in theatre.
Married LifeMarried Life
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
Anne Hathaway’s CottageAnne Hathaway’s Cottage
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• He was first a successful poet, and published poetry in 1593
• Two major poems:• Venus and Adonis• Rape of Lucrece
• 154 Sonnets• Nickname: The Bard of Avon
The PoetThe Poet
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• Member and later part-owner of an acting group called the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later called the King’s Men
• This successful group eventually decided to build a theatre that would bring together the social elite as well as common peasants… THE GLOBE THEATRE!
The ActorThe Actor
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The PlaywrightThe Playwright
• 38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare:• 14 comedies• 10 histories• 10 tragedies• 4 romances
• Collaborated on several others• Many of his plays were performed at the Globe
Theatre
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The Globe TheatreThe Globe Theatre
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The Globe TheatreThe Globe Theatre
• Built in 1598 by Lord Chamberlain’s Men, with Shakespeare as primary investor
• Open-air, octagonal amphitheater that could seat up to 3000
• In 1613, the Globe burned down during a canon fire during Henry VII
• It was rebuilt, only to be shut down by the Puritans in 1642
• The new and improved Globe Theatre opened in May 1997 thanks to Queen Elizabeth II!
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The Rebuilt Globe Theater, LondonThe Rebuilt Globe Theater, London
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did NOT write in “Old English.”
• Old English is the language of Beowulf (written in the 8th century):
“Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunonHu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon!”
(Hey! We have heard of the glory of the Spear-Danes in the old days, the kings of tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did NOT write in “Middle English.”
• Middle English is the language of Chaucer, the Gawain-poet, and Malory (14th century):
We redeth oft and findeth y-write—And this clerkes wele it wite—Layes that ben in harpingBen y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)
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Shakespeare’s Language• Shakespeare wrote in “Early Modern English.”
• Shakespeare wrote most of his works in the late 16th century and into the early 17th century!
• EME wasn’t very different from “Modern English,” and Shakespeare helped standardize the style of today’s language.
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare coined many words we still use today:
• Critical• Majestic• Dwindle
• And quite a few phrases as well:• One fell swoop• Flesh and blood• Vanish into thin air• With bated breath
See http://www.wordorigins.org/histeng.htm
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Historical Context
• The Renaissance -Cultural rebirth of Europe: music, art, lit-14th - 17th centuries
• Elizabethan Age-Named after Queen Elizabeth I-Ruled from 1558 - 1603-Her love and interest in the arts influenced the time period
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Elizabethan Theatrical
Conventions
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No electricity =
daytime only shows
Women forbidden
to act on stage
No scene changes
Minimal props & costume
These factors
influenced the
performance.
These factors
influenced the
performance.
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Scare tacticsScare tactics
Soliloquy
Aside
Monologue
Dialogue
Types of speech
Types of speech
Blood and gore
Use of supernatural
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Use of disguises /
mistaken identity
Multiple marriages
(in comedies)
Multiple murders
(in tragedies)
Last speaker—highest in
rank (in tragedies)
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Controversial Topics
Humor
Sex / Sexuality
Parties & Celebrations
Deaths & Action
Ultimately, Shakespeare delivered what would keep the audience intrigued:
Ultimately, Shakespeare delivered what would keep the audience intrigued: