![Page 1: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 1
SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS:
Levels of Organisation
Definition of a tissue
Types of Plant Tissues
Plant Organs - The Leaf TERMINOLOGY: Tissue a group of similar cells adapted for a particular function. XPLANATION TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES:
Meristematic Tissue:
• Cells of meristems divide continuously cells are similar in structure & have thin cellulose cell walls may be spherical, oval, polygonal or rectangular in shape contain few vacuoles
• Found in regions of the plant that grow, mainly at tip of root & stem. According
to their position in the plant, meristems are apical, lateral & intercalary.
![Page 2: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 2
Simple Permanent Tissue: Epidermis:
• Structure: Transparent, one cell thick and is usually covered with cuticle usually has guard cells with stomata
• Found on the outermost layer of the plant body such as leaves, flowers, stem & roots
• Function is to protect the plant from dessication and infection. Guard cells & cuticle helps to reduce water loss
Parenchyma: • Oval, round or elongated in shape. • Thin cell wall& encloses a dense cytoplasm which contains a small nucleus &
surrounds a large central vacuole. • Intercellular spaces are abundant.
WHERE? • Soft parts of the plant - cortex of roots, ground tissues in stems & mesophyll of
leaves. • Also - pith, medullary rays & packing tissue in xylem & phloem.
WHY? • packing tissue • support to the stem of herbaceous plants water & food storage transport of water
& gases
![Page 3: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 3
Collenchyma:
• Characterised by the deposition of extra cellulose at the corners of the cells. • Intercellular spaces are generally absent.
WHERE?
• Mainly below the epidermis of dicotyledon stem & petiole.also occur in midribs of dicot leaves.
WHY?
• Provides mechanical support & elasticity. • Allows plant to bend without breaking.
![Page 4: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 4
Transverse and Longitudinal Section of Collenchyma:
Scelerenchyma:
• Dead cells with no protoplasm. • The walls of cells greatly thickened & lignified. • Due to excessive thickening of the wall of sclerenchyma cells, its cell cavity or
lumen becomes nearly absent. • The cells of are closely packed. • No intercellular spaces.
WHERE?
• Stems, roots, veins of leaves, hard covering of seeds & nuts. • Sclereids form the gritty part of the most of the ripe fruits & contribute
hardness to the seed coat & nutshells. WHY?
• Mainly mechanical & protective in function. • It gives strength, rigidity, flexibility & elasticity to the plant body • Thus, enables it to withstand various strains.
![Page 5: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 5
Sclereids / Stone Cells:
• Found flesh of fruit like pears. • Also in pips of fruit and shells of nuts
Fibres:
• Make stems & roots tough & rigid Complex Permanent Tissue:
Vascular (Transport)
Tissue:
Xylem
tracheids
vessel elements
Phloem
sieve-tube elements
companion cells
![Page 6: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 6
Xylem: Composed of cells of four different types:
• Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, xylem sclerenchyma. • Except xylem parenchyma, all other xylem elements are dead & bounded by
thick lignified walls. WHERE?
• Vascular bundles of roots, stems and leaves WHY?
• Transport water & minerals salts upward from the root to different parts of shoots.
• Since walls of tracheids, vessels & sclerenchyma of xylem are lignified, they give mechanical strength to the plant body.
Components of Xylem:
![Page 7: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 7
Vessels Tracheids
![Page 8: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 8
Phloem:
• Composed of following: 1. Sieve Tubes 2. Companion Cells 3. Phloem Parenchyma 4. Phloem Fibres.
• All phloem cells are living cells, besides fibres. WHERE?
• Vascular bundles of roots, stems and leaves WHY?
• Transport food materials from the leaves to the storage organs & later from storage organs to the growing regions of the plant body
Companion Cells
Sieve - Tube
![Page 9: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 9
PLANT ORGANS: • Organs:
Consist of a number of tissues that work together to perform a common overall function.
Label the main plant organs:
![Page 10: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 10
Leaves:
• Leaves - blade or lamina, an edge called the margin of the leaf, the veins
(vascular bundles), a petiole, and two appendages at the base of the petiole called the stipules
Type of Leaves: • Simple - blade not divided into smaller leaflets • Compound - blade divided into smaller leaflets
![Page 11: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 11
Internal Structure:
![Page 12: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 12
Guard Cells & Stoma:
Open: Closed:
FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
TRANSPIRATION
![Page 13: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 13
X-AMPLE QUESTIONS: Question 1: Study the following diagram and answer the questions:
1.1 Provide labels for parts labelled A, D, E and G. 1.2 Part labelled C consists of parenchyma tissue. Explain how this tissue is suited
for its functions. 1.3 How do cells labelled B and C differ from ordinary parenchyma tissue? 1.4 Draw a fully labelled diagram to illustrate the structure of part labelled F. 1.5 List TWO functions of the leaf. 1.6 Explain how the leaf is suited to its functions.
![Page 14: SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES - Mindset Learnlearn.mindset.co.za/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show...SESSION 4: PLANT TISSUES KEY CONCEPTS: Levels of Organisation Definition](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052420/5aae2cae7f8b9a190d8bd053/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Life Sciences Grade 10
www.learnxtra.co.za
Brought to you by Page 14
Question 2: Identify each of the following tissues, provide ONE location, ONE function and ONE structural suitability of each. a)
b)
c)
C