Download - Sentence Parts and Phrases
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Sentence Parts and Phrases
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Sentence
• A group of words that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
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Sentence Fragment
•When a group of words DOES NOT contain a subject and a verb or DOES NOT express a complete thought
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Subject
• Tells whom or what the sentence is about
• ****CAN NEVER BE IN A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE***
• COMPLETE SUBJECT: is the subject (nouns, pronoun, gerund, or infinitive) and all of its modifiers
• SIMPLE SUBJECT (s): the main word or group of words in the complete subject
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Predicate
• Tells something about the subject
• COMPLETE PREDICATE: verb plus all of its modifiers
• SIMPLE PREDICATE (av, lv, or hv): the verb or verb phrase (main verb plus its helping verbs)
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SIMPLE SUBJECT (s)• The “who” or “what” of the verb• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark loudly. (dog is
the simple subject)• Must be noun (n), pronoun (pro), gerund (ger), or
infinitive (inf)• Can never be in a prepositional phrase• THERE and HERE are never the subject of a sentence• The subject can be an “understood you”. Ex: Bring
me the remote control, please. (YOU is who brings it.)
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COMPLETE SUBJECT (underlined once)
• Simple subject plus its modifiers• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark
loudly.• Dependent clauses modifying the
subject are part of the complete subject of the independent clause. (Ex: The dog that has spots likes to bark.)
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SIMPLE PREDICATE/VERB• Transitive verb (vt): takes a direct
object (ex: We love English.)• Intransitive verb (vi): does not
take a direct object (ex: Please sit down.)• All linking verbs (lv) are
intransitive
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COMPLETE PREDICATE (underline twice)
• Verb plus its modifiers• Ex: The dog with spots likes to bark
loudly.• Dependent clauses modifying the verb
are part of the complete predicate of the independent clause.
• Ex: The dog likes to bark when I’m asleep.
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COMPLEMENT• Completes the meaning of the subject and
verb• Types:– Direct object (do)– Indirect object (io)– Predicate nominative (pn)– Predicate adjective (pa)
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DIRECT OBJECT (do)• Is a noun or pronoun and is never in
a prepositional phrase• Follows an action verb• To find it, say “subject, verb, what?”
or “subject, verb, whom?”• Ex: I like English. “I like what?”
English is the direct object
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INDIRECT OBJECT (io)• Is a noun or pronoun and is never in a
prepositional phrase• Comes before a direct object and after
the verb• To find it, say “subject, verb, direct
object, to or for whom or what?”• Ex: He gave me the paper. “He gave
paper to whom?” Me is the indirect object.
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PREDICATE NOMINATIVE (pn)• Is a noun or pronoun• Follows a linking verb and renames
subject• To find it, say “subject, verb, what or
who?”• Ex: He is a nice guy. “He is what?”
Guy is the predicate nominative
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PREDICATE ADJECTIVE (pa)• Is an adjective• Follows a linking verb and describes
the subject• To find it, say “subject, linking verb,
what?”• Ex. He is nice. “He is what?” Nice is
the predicate adjective.
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APPOSITIVE (app)• Noun or pronoun that follows
and renames another noun or pronoun• Ex. My son Beck likes trains.
Beck is an appositive.
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APPOSITIVE PHRASE (app ph)
• Noun or pronoun (along with modifiers) that follows and renames another noun or pronoun• Ex. Ansley, my daughter, loves to
dance. My daughter is the appositive phrase.
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PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (prep ph)
• Group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun
• Can act as and adjective (ex: I want a room with a view.) or adverb (ex: His house is on the lake.)
• Must be next to the noun or pronoun it modifies.
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OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION (op)
• Follows preposition and tells “what?” or “whom?”
• Ex: The key is under the rug. “Under what?” Rug is the object of the preposition.
• If there is no object, it is NOT a preposition. Ex. Please stand up. (Up is an adverb.)
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NOUN OF DIRECT ADDRESS (nda)
• Person being spoken to in a sentence• Ex: Mom, I’m hungry. Mom is the
nda.• Ex: Go clean your room, Rebekah.
Rebekah is the nda.
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INFINITIVE PHRASE (inf ph)
•Infinitive plus its modifiers and objects•Ex: He likes to eat pepperoni pizza.
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OBJECT OF THE INFINITIVE (obj inf)
• Follows infinitive and tells “what?”• Ex: I want to eat pizza. “to eat
what?” Pizza is the object of the infinitive.