-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
1/11
Prof. Ijaz Khan
Department of International RelationsUniversity of Peshawar
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
2/11
The study looks at the regional security scenario withthe help of Barry BuzansRegional Security ComplexTheory with a comprehensive understanding of theconcept of security
It takes Iran, India, Afghanistan and Pakistan as theRSC for the purpose
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
3/11
Regional Security Complex RSC is group of states whose primary security concerns link
together sufficiently closely that their national securitiescannot realistically be considered apart from one another.
The theory specifies what to look for at four levels of analysisand how to interrelate these. The four levels are:
1. The domestic vulnerability of the States of the region understudy.
2. State-to-state relations
3. The region's interaction with neighboring regions
4. The role of global powers in the region (the interplaybetween the global and regional security structures).
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
4/11
The domestic vulnerability of the
States of the region under study. Pakistan
Governance
Extremism Terrorism Ethno Linguistic Issues Identity
Economy
Economy Generally Capital Flight Energy
Uneven Ddistribution of resources/Wealth - Disparity between classesand regions
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
5/11
The domestic vulnerability - - - - .
India
Governance
Secularism under challenge Secessionism
Economy
Generally doing well
Distribution of resources / economic progess poses seriouschallenges
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
6/11
The domestic vulnerability Iran
Economy Mainly Oil based have enough capitalthough facing some economic crunch due to USimposed sanctions
Political Tensions Polarization between conservativeruling clergy and reformers
Secessionism Baloch and Kurd
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
7/11
The domestic vulnerabilityAfghanistan
Insurgency
State Building Economy
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
8/11
State-to-State Relations Pak India adversarial relations impact Pak Afghan
Relations and India Afghan Relations in which Iranalso enters for its own competitive relations withPakistan inside Afghanistan.
The Non state Challenge Cross border Terrorism accusations and counter accusations Pakistan India
Afghanistan Iran Territorial claims Afghanistan Pakistan Pakistan
India
Pipelines Economics Trade - Routes
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
9/11
Region's Interaction with
Neighboring Regions Through Iran, the Iran Saudi conflict enters the region
Shia Sunni/Wahabi issues - Extremism Funding
Saudi Arabia and other Gulf States quite strong players
of the domestic & state to state relations of the regionunder study especially Pakistan and also Afghanistan
Pakistan in order to balance India stresses its religiousbased connection with Middle Eastern States and
Central Asia Energy
Iran, India and Pakistan competes and cooperates inCentral Asia
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
10/11
Role of Global Powers in the
Region Cold War Legacy US and Soviet Union Pakistan and
India China in Pak India relations
Post cold War US views India as Strategic Partner US
gradual movement away from Pakistan towards India Russia though a little opening to Pakistan but continues itsSoviet era relations with India
9/11 brings Pakistan back in US policy calculations brings NATO / US troops to the region Russia, USA andChina competes & suspects each other but also cooperatesand tolerates each other specially on Terrorism
A serious worry, even if remote the chance of NuclearWeapons going into the hands of Terrorists
-
8/13/2019 Security Imperatives and Regional Environment
11/11
Concluding Remarks Either continued State Erosion and further blurring of inter
and intra state conflicts, increased non state terrorism andpower state erosion a Security Nightmare keeping inmind the presence of Nuclear Weapons
ORA changed process of democratic stability leading to
changes security understanding and perceptions
increased regional economic integration and people topeople contacts Moving out of Interstate conflict where itcannot be resolved