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Screen Language
Lesson 2: Camerawork Part 1
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Aerial Shot
An exterior shot filmed from — hey! —
the air. Often used to establish a
(usually exotic) location.
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Arc Shot
A shot in which the subject is circled
by the camera.
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Bridging Shot
A shot that denotes a shift in time or
place, like a line moving across an
animated map.
EXAMPLE: The journey from the US to Nepal in Raiders Of The Lost Ark (1981).
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Close Up
A shot that keeps only the face full in
the frame.
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Medium Shot
The shot that utilises the most
common framing in movies, shows
less than a long shot, more than a
close-up. Obviously.
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Long Shot
A shot that depicts an entire character
or object from head to foot. Not as
long as an establishing shot. Aka a
wide shot.
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Dolly Zoom
A shot that sees the camera track
forward toward a subject while
simultaneously zooming out creating a
woozy, vertiginous effect. It is the
cinematic equivalent of the phrase
"Uh-oh".
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Dutch Tilt
A shot where the camera is tilted on
its side to create a kooky angle. Often
used to suggest disorientation.
https://vimeo.com/138044491
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Establishing Shot
The clue is in the name. A shot, at the
head of the scene, that clearly shows
the locale the action is set in. Often
comes after the aerial shot.
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Handheld Shot
A shot in which the camera operator
holds the camera during motion to
create a jerky, immediate feel.
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Low Angle Shot
A shot looking up at a character or
subject often making them look bigger
in the frame. It can make everyone
look heroic and/or dominant. Also
good for making cities look empty.
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High Angle Shot
A shot looking down on a character or
subject often isolating them in the
frame. Nothing says Billy No Mates
like a good old high angle shot.
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Locked-Down Shot
A shot where the camera is fixed in
one position while the action continues
off-screen. It says life is messy and
can not be contained by a camera.
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Over-The-Shoulder Shot
A shot where the camera is positioned
behind one subject's shoulder, usually
during a conversation. It implies a
connection between the speakers as
opposed to the single shot that
suggests distance.
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Pan
A shot where the camera moves
continuously right to left or left to right.
An abbreviation of "panning". Turns up
a lot in car chases and on You've
Been Framed (worth £250 if they use
a clip).
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POV shot
A shot that depicts the point of view of
a character so that we see exactly
what they see. Often used in Horror
cinema to see the world through a
killer's eyes.
EXAMPLE: The opening of Halloween (1978) told from the point of view of the child Michael Myers (Will Sandin
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Steadicam Shot
A shot from a hydraulically balanced
camera that allows for a smooth, fluid
movement. Around since the late '70s,
invented by Garrett Brown. Beloved by
Stanley Kubrick, Brian De Palma,
Martin Scorsese, Alfonso Cuaron. A
lengthy Steadicam shot is the
directorial equivalent of "Look ma, no
hands!"
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Birds Eye Shot
A shot looking directly down on a
scene rather than at an angle.
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Tracking Shot
A shot that follows a subject be it from
behind or alongside or in front of the
subject..an elegant shot for a more
civilized age. Beloved by Stanley
Kubrick, Andrei Tarkovsky, Terence
Davies, Paul Thomas Anderson.
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Two-Shot
A medium shot that depicts two
people in the frame. Used primarily
when you want to establish links
between characters or people who are
beside rather than facing each other.
EXAMPLE: Quiz Kid Donnie Smith (William H. Macy) and Thurston Howell (Henry Gibson) discuss love in Magnolia (1999).
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Whip Pan
A shot that is the same as a pan but is
so fast that picture blurs beyond
recognition. Usually accompanied by a
whoosh sound. Beloved by Sam Raimi
and Edgar Wright.
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Zoom
A shot deploying a lens with a variable
focal length that allows the
cinematographer to change the
distance between camera and object
without physically moving the camera.
Also see Crash Zooms that do the
same but only quicker.
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Crane Shot
A shot where the camera is placed on
a crane or jib and moved up or down.
Think a vertical tracking shot. Beloved
by directors of musicals. Often used to
highlight a character's loneliness or at
the end of a movie, the camera
moving away as if saying goodbye.
EXAMPLE: Gone With The Wind (1939). As Scarlett O'Hara (Vivien Leigh) arrives at the train depot, the camera heads skyward to reveal hundreds of wounded confederate soldiers around her.
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Describing
Vs
Analysing
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Tarantino’s ‘Trunk Shot’