Science dealing with the classificationof organisms
axonomyT
Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.
These beetles belong to a large insect collection in a natural history museum. They have been classified according to characteristics they share. Observing What characteristics may have been used to group these beetles?
Organisms Classified by:
Structural Similarities Biochemical Similarities Cytological Similarities
Embryological Similarities
Behavioral Similarities Fossil Record
Basic Classification Groups
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
(most general)
(most specific)
Species Organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata (animals with back bones) Class: Mammalia (with hair, females produce milk) Order: Primates (apes, monkeys)
Family: Hominidae (with extinct neanderthal) Genus: Homo (Same) Species: sapiens (Man)
LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS
You see, at every step down the classification ladder, the thing that we are is narrowed down. At first we're just animals. Then the phylum grouping separates us from all animals without backbones, such as sponges, insects, and worms. On down the ladder we go until we land at the species, and at that point we know that we're just talking about one kind of animal, and that animal is us.
Five Kingdom System
Animal
Plant
Protista
Monera
Fungi
Animal Kingdom• Multicellular
• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophic
Plant Kingdom• Multicellular• Photosynthetic• Autotrophic
Protista• Unicellular• Eukaryotic Cells
(have membrane bound organelles)
• Examples: paramecium, amoeba, euglena
Monera• Unicellular• Prokaryotic Cells
(no membrane bound organelles)
• Examples: bacteria, blue green algae
Fungi• Most multicellular (except yeast)• Have cell walls, but not chloroplasts
• Absorbs nutrients from environment(heterotrophic)
• Examples: yeast, bread mold, mushrooms
NomenclatureMethod of naming an organism
Binomial System Developed by Carl Linnaeus
Rules• Genus and species name make up scientific name• Names usually in latin
• Genus is capitalized, species lower case• Name is either italicized or underlined separately
Examples:
Felis domesticusFelis leoFelis tigerisCanis lupisCanis familiarisHomo erectusHomo sapien
Dichotomous/Taxonomic Key
Tool used to classify an organism using 2 traits
Create a dichotomous key forthese creatures with your 4 o’clock buddy
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