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Education system in Poland
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The education system in Poland includes
nursery schools
primary schools
secondary schools
post-secondary schools/high schoos
vocational or technical schools
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• In Poland a higher education system (colleges and universities) belongs to a separate department of the government administration. It isn't ranked among the educational system because it is being granted constitutional autonomy
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• In accordance with records of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland everyone has right to learn. Education is compulsory from the age 7 to 18 years old, but the status of compulsory institutions is given only to a primary school and the secondary school. Learning in public schools is free of charge .
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• Activities and the organization of the system are specified in the act from 7 September 1991 about the educational system .
A new structure of education was introduced in 1999 .
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Nursery schools• Children attend the
nursery school from the age 3 to 6.
• A „zero class" is compulsory for children at the age of 6. „Zero classes" are established mostly at nursery schools, and also in some primary schools.
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Primary schools• The six-year school is divided
into two three-year stages . The first stage includes classes from I to III; the main part is the block called „integrated education ” – these classes are being conducted by one teacher who is also acting as the class tutor. Each class lasts for 45 minutes and then there is a 10 minutes break. Lunch break is usually at 11.30 or 12.30 and lasts for 20 minutes.
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• Pupils can take part in classes of the religion or ethics. Parents decide whether their children attend them.
• Children usually start learning a foreign language in class 1.
• Some pupils also participate in compensatory classes or physiotherapy exercises.
• Extra curricular classes may be organized according to the pupils’ interests or needs
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• In IV-VI classes different teachers teach various subjects, out of those, one (class tutor) is responsible for their class.
• The subjects are all compulsory:
• Polish• Foreign language (usually
German or English)• Maths• General Biology• History and Society• Music• Arts• Technical skills• Information Technology• Physical Education
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• From the class V, pupils with their parental consent can take part in classes of sexual education (in the context of family life preparation)
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• The reform of the educational system from 1999 created the secondary school. Pupils attending the secondary school are between the ages of 13 - 16. Educating at this stage has a general character, all the following subjects are obligatory:
• Polish• History• Knowledge about society• Art• Music• Foreign language• Maths• Physics and Astronomy• Chemistry• Biology• Geography• Information Technology• Technical skills• Physical Education
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• Attending classes of religious education, ethics or sexual education (preparation for family life) is not compulsarory and parents make the decision of their children’s attendance.
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• The learning at the secondary school ends with an examination, written by students of class III in April. Every year a director of the Central Examination Board setts the date of the test. The examination paper consists of three written parts: humanistic subjects and mathematical-environmental subjects and a foreign language (since 2009). The exam results don't affect the final school results, but they are significant for the recruitment to post-secondary schools (the comprehensive secondary school, profiled secondary school, the technical vocational school and a vocational school).
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Post-secondary education
a) two-year fundamental vocational schools,
b) three-year comprehensive secondary schools,
c) three-year profiled secondary schools,
d) four-year technical vocational schools,
e) two-year supplementing comprehensive secondary schools,
f) three-year supplementing technical vocational schools,
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Grading• The annual (semester)
classification grades from educational classes, start being given in class of the IV primary education.They are set according to the following scale:
• perfect – 6 • very good – 5 • good – 4 • satisfactory- 3 • ‚barely there’– 2 • Insufficient (fail) – 1
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• Annual classification grades for the behaviour:
• perfect• very good• good• correct• inappropriate• reprehensible
• In classes I-III of the primary school a descriptive evaluation is applied.
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• Most high schools finish with a ‚matura’ exam that enables the students to attend a higher education institution and obtain the degree of Bachelor (3-year course) or Master (5-year course)