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Sarah Lomanto
AgEd 410
Cal Poly-SLO
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Parts of a Plant
• Roots• Leaves• Stems• Fruit• Flowers
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Diagram of Plant Parts
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Root Systems
Two Basic Types of Root Systems
Fibrous- The roots branch from the bottom of the plant (corn and beans)
Taproot- A long tapering root (carrots and dandelions)
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Parts of Root Systems
• Root Hairs- involved in absorption of nutrients from the soil
• Root Cap & Meristem- conducting tissue, involved in conducting moisture & nutrients to the plant
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Types of Leaves
• Simple leaves
• Compound leaves
• Needle leaves
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Leaves
• Food manufacturing factory of the plant which performs Photosynthesis and contains the green pigment, Chlorophyll
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Leaves Also...
• Capture solar energy, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugars and starch and is transferred up the food chain
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Parts of Leaves
• Stomata- small openings in the leaf that help cool the plant through Transpiration
• Blade- main body of the plant
• Petiole- small stem which attaches the blade to the main plant stem
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More Parts of Leaves
• Midrib- large central vein down the middle of the leaf
• Apex- tip of the leaf
• Base- bottom of the leaf & attaches to the petiole
• Margin- edge of the leaf
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Different Types of Leaves
• Can you identify the parts we discussed on these different types of leaves?
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Stems
• Central support structure of the plant
• Contain buds which are found in the area referred to as the node
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External Anatomy of Stems
• Internodes- Areas between the buds
• Bark Lenticels
• Leaf Scars
• Scale Scars
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Internal Anatomy of Stems
• Xylem
• Phloem
• Cambium
• Sapwood
• Heartwood
• Pith
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Stem Anatomy of Herbacious Plants
• Epidermis
• Cortex
• Pith
• Vascular Bundles
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Fruit
• Ripened ovule or egg
• In most plants the ovule or egg is fertilized by the sperm (the pollen) and the ovary matures into the fruit
• Fruit are usually classified by their structure and number of ovules
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Simple Fruits
• Develop from a simple ovary
• Can be fleshy or dry
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Fleshy Simple Fruit• Classified as a “Drupe” or “Pome”
• A drupe has a stone in the center of the fruit which is the seed
• A pome has several seeds, usually in a chamber
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Dry Simple Fruit
Classified in two categories
Dehiscent
Indehiscent
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More Fruit Classifications
• Aggregate fruits are developed from a single flower with many ovaries
• Multiple fruit have flowers that are separated but closely clustered
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Flowers
• Four main parts
• Sepals
• Petals
• Stamens
• Pistils
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Flower Classification
• Complete- has all four main parts
• Incomplete- missing any of the four primary parts
• Perfect- has both a pistil and a stamen (the female and male reproductive structures)
• Imperfect- missing the stamen or pistil
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The Pistil
• Female reproductive structure and has three primary parts
• Stigma- pollen collecting structure, located at the top of the pistil
• Style- support structure below the stigma
• Ovary- enlarged portion which contains ovules or eggs
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The Stamen
• Male reproductive structure usually surrounding the pistil
• Anther- pollen bearing structure
• Filament- acts as a stalk to support the anther
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