Safe Clinical Practice
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Be Prepared
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Equipment
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Attendance
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Writing
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Curiosity
Lab Skills for Success
• Communication
Lab Skills for Success
• Teamwork
Lab Skills for Success
• Critical Thinking
American Philosophical AssociationCritical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism.
Lab Skills for Success
• Technical skills
Infection Prevention & Control
• Micro-organism–Only visible with
a microscope
Micro-organism
Cause disease• “pathogen” • infection
Do not cause disease• “Nonpathogenic
organism”• Normal Flora
Cross-contamination
• Spread of pathogens from
Bacteria
• Single cell• No nucleus• Reproduce
• Classifications–Need for O2
–Shape–Gram stain
Bacteria – need for O2
Aerobic• Need O2
Anaerobic• Can’t have O2
Bacteria – gram stain
Gram-positive Gram-negative• Dangerous • Endotoxin • Hemorrhagic
shock & diarrhea
Bacteria – shape (morphology)
• Cocci –Round
• Bacilli –Rod shaped
• Spirochetes –Spiral
• Chains –Streptococci
• Pairs –Diplococci
• Clusters –Staphylococci
Antibiotic
• Chemical substances that can kill microorganisms • Most effective
against bacteria
Viruses
• Extremely small
• Can only grow and replicate within a living cell
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen • Microorganism capable of causing disease
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen
2. Reservoir3. A portal of exit
• Reservoir–Where the
pathogen lives
• Portal of Exit–A way to get out
of the reservoir
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen2. Reservoir3. Portal of exit from the
reservoir
4. Mode of Transmission
• How pathogens move from the reservoir host
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen2. Reservoir3. Portal of exit from the
reservoir4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of entry
• Entrance into host – Eyes–Mouth–Respiratory–GI–GU–Broken skin–Blood
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen2. Reservoir3. Portal of exit from the
reservoir4. Mode of Transmission5. Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Healthcare-associated infections• Mode of Transportation– Employees–Visitors–Devices
Resistant pathogens• Causes– Inappropriate use of antibiotics
• Result– Resistance– Mutation
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
• Reservoir–Mucous membranes–Resp. Tract
• Hospital & community acquired• Isolation–Precautions
Standard Precaution
• Do not touch–Blood –Body fluids (except sweat)–Non-intact skin–Mucous membranes
Hand washing
• Before & After–Soap
Gloves
• Before touching –Body fluids
Gown
• During procedures when contact with body fluids is anticipated.
Mask – Eye protection – Face shield
• When body fluids are likely to splash or spray.
Equipment
• Wash hands after handling • Cleaning routine
Laundry/textiles• Cover• Don’t hug
Needles / sharps
• Do not recap• 1-handed scoop• Puncture-
resistant container
Lifting & moving
• Obtain help
Lifting & moving
• Use your leg muscles
Lifting & moving
• Provide stability for movement
Lifting & moving
• Smooth, coordinated movements
Lifting & moving
• Keep the load close
Lifting & moving
• Pull & pivot