Download - Russell Sage and Spencer Foundations, 2011
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Russell Sage and Spencer Foundations, 2011
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Family income relative to 1947
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Family income relative to 1979
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Why?
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Achievement and attainment
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Years of schooling completed by U.S. adults
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College graduation rates for high and low income children
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Race and income-based gaps in reading achievement in SAT-type units
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Race and income-based gaps in reading achievement in SAT-type units
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Math achievement for low and high income children
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Math achievement for low and high income children
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Income inequality and children’s attainment:
Are there ANY causal linkages?
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Maybe not:
E.g., many more single-parent families now than before, especially for high
school dropout and graduate parents
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Family income story
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Enrichment expenditures on high and low income children
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Income effects on achievement
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Family income story
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Income effects on stress
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Effects of EITC expansion on children’s test scores and mothers’ health
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School story
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School story
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Residential isolation of low- and high-income urban households
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Ratio of average family income in high and low-income schools
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Peers with problems in low and high income elementary schools
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Peer effects
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Intergenerational story
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Men’s intergenerational mobility
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Upward mobility in the earnings of sons in the United States and other countries
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Future national prosperity story
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Years of schooling completed by U.S. adults
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Falling behind
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Policy thoughts
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Extra and duplicate slides
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Growth and decline in selected occupations
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Changes in the earnings of high school and college graduates
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Children in single-mother homes
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Figure 3.1: Residential isolation of low- and high-income urban households
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Peer composition of students in low and high income schools
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Skill and behavior gaps between low- and high-income kindergarteners and fifth graders