Download - Rudman Investigtation 2009
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
1/185
INEIGAIN IN HE CAL BEHAI F AL FAME
C R
T M S
E U S
P PE D
P PJ P
M 2009
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
2/185
I
C R U S
DECLAAIN
B , I
, , I (
) I
.
M 2009
C 2008 S U
A
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
3/185
I
C R U S
NI
T
, ,
. T S A I S C (SAISC)
.
T . I
. T
ANGELINE . T
.
T
. F
. T
. T
, ABAQUS.
T , ,
. T
DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2:2008, SANS 101621:2005.
S, ANGELINE ( )
ABAQUS ( ).
A
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
4/185
I
C R U S
AMEAING
D
. D SA I S
K
.
H . I
.
D ANGELINE
. H
.
D
. V
. D
. D
ABAQUS .
D
. D
SANS 101601 & 2:2008 SANS 10162
1:2005. H ANGELINE (
) ABAQUS ( ).
A ,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
5/185
I
C R U S
ACKNLEDGEMEN
T :
- P PE D
.
- P PJ P .
- M .
- A : , , . W I
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
6/185
I
C R U S
ABLE F CNEN
DECLAAIN
NI. ..
AMEAING.... ..
ACKNLEDGEMEN......
ABLE F CNEN... .
LI F AENDICE.................................................................................. LI F FIGE ......................................................................................... LI F ABLE........................................................................................... LI F MBL..................................................................................... .LI F ABBEIAIN .............................................................................
1 INDCIN ..........................................................................1.1
1.1
THE PROBLEM........................................................................................................................... 1.1
1.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 1.1
1.3 FLOW CHART FOR PART 1....................................................................................................... 1.2
2 AE F HE A IN ELAIC INABILI .................................2.1
2.1 THE BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURES ............................................................................... 2.1
2.2 ELASTIC INSTABILITY IN PITCHED ROOF STEEL FRAMES..................................................... 2.6
2.3 DETERMINING THE POINT OF ELASTIC INSTABILITY INCLUDING GEOMETRIC
NONLINEARITY.......................................................................................................................... 2.7
2.4 ANGELINE .................................................................................................................................. 2.8
2.5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 2.10
3 INEIGAIE ANALI ELAIC INABILI........................3.1
3.1 ANGELINE .................................................................................................................................. 3.1
3.2 COLUMN INVESTIGATION....................................................................................................... 3.9
3.3 INVESTIGATIVE ANALYSES: PORTAL FRAMES.................................................................... 3.14
3.4 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3.18
3.5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 3.20
4 INLANE CAL BEHAI F AL FAME...........4.1
4.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 4.14.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 4.2
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
7/185
I
C R U S
4.3 METHOD OF APPROACH ......................................................................................................... 4.2
5 MDELLING CNIDEAIN F AL FAME.................5.1
5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF A TYPICAL PORTAL FRAME AND LOAD PATTERN............................. 5.1
5.2 TYPES OF ELEMENTS TO BE USED IN MODELLING .............................................................. 5.3
5.3 IMPERFECTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 5.5
5.4 MODELLING OF HAUNCHES.................................................................................................... 5.8
5.5 PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS ........................................................ 5.9
5.5 COMPATIBILITY OF SOFTWARE PACKAGES ........................................................................ 5.17
5.6 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 5.18
6 DEIGN F AL FAME ACCDING DAF AN 101601,
& 2 : 2008 AND AN 101621:2005. ..........................................6.1
6.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 6.1
6.2 LIMIT STATE DESIGN ................................................................................................................ 6.16.3 DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME ACCORDING TO DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2 : 2008 AND
SANS 101621:2005 ................................................................................................................. 6.2
6.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS............................................................................................................. 6.3
6.5 CAPACITY OF MEMBERS ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE ............................................................ 6.5
6.6 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE................................................................................................ 6.11
6.7 DESIGNING THE BENCHMARK EXAMPLE ............................................................................ 6.11
6.8 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 6.14
7 ANALI F BENCHMAK AL FAME ................................7.1
7.1 ANALYSIS OF BENCHMARK PORTAL FRAME ........................................................................ 7.17.2 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 7.10
7.3 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 7.10
8 DEIGN F AL FAME F AAMEE D................8.1
8.1 DEFINITION OF PORTAL FRAMES........................................................................................... 8.1
8.2 DESIGN OF PORTAL FRAMES FOR THE PARAMETER STUDY .............................................. 8.4
8.3 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 8.10
8.4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 8.10
9 ANALE EL AND DICIN AAMEE D .......9.19.1 RESULTS..................................................................................................................................... 9.2
9.2 DISCUSSION ON RESULTS...................................................................................................... 9.16
9.3 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 9.21
9.4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 9.23
10 CNCLIN AND ECMMENDAIN................................10.1
10.1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 10.1
10.2 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 10.1
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
8/185
I
C R U S
11 EFEENCE..............................................................................11.1
11.1 BOOKS...................................................................................................................................... 11.1
11.2 PUBLICATIONS........................................................................................................................ 11.2
11.3 DESIGN CODES........................................................................................................................ 11.2
11.4 INTERVIEWS ............................................................................................................................ 11.311.5 ELECTRONIC REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 11.3
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
9/185
I
C R U S
LI F AENDICE
AENDI A: ELAIC ABILI F CLMN
AENDI B: ELAIC ABILI F AL FAMEAENDI C: NMBE F ELEMEN
AENDI D: NINAL HINAL LAD
AENDI E: AL FAME DEIGN
AENDI F: DEIGN EL
AENDI G: LADDILACEMEN HI ABA
AENDI H: LADDILACEMEN HI ANGELINE
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
10/185
I
C R U S
LI F FIGE
F 1.1 F P 1 ................................................................................................. 1.2
F 2.1 N ............................................................................ 2.2
F 2.2 F : () P () P .............................. 2.3
F 2.3 L ........................................................................ 2.5F 2.4 S .......................................................................................... 2.5
F 2.5 E ............................................................................ 2.6
F 3.1 V ANGELINE................................................................................ 3.2
F 3.2 G M C...................................................................................... 3.2
F 3.3 V E ANGELINE.................................................................................... 3.4
F 3.4 S. ............................................................................................................. 3.5
F 3.5 P ..................................................................................... 3.6
F 3.6 G ............................................................................. 3.7
F 3.7 G.......................................................................................................... 3.8
F 3.8 P................................................................................................................ 3.8
F 3.9 K ..................................................................... 3.10F 3.10 F ...... 3.10
F 3.11. S ................................................................................... 3.14
F 3.12 V 2u .................... 3.15
F 3.13 V (C C1).....................3.17
F 4.1 F ........... 4.3
F 5.1 B .......................................................................................... 5.2
F 5.2 L .......................................................................................... 5.3
F 5.3 L .................................................................................... 5.8
F 5.4 H ANGELINE ............................................................................................ 5.9
F 5.5 E I ................................................................................................ 5.9
F 5.6 S ........................................................................ 5.10F 5.7 I ................................................................................... 5.11
F 5.8 V ........................................ 5.12
F 5.9 C ............................................................................ 5.13
F 5.10 V ABAQUS....................................................................................... 5.14
F 5.11() L ................................................................... 5.14
F 5.11() S ............................................................................................ 5.14
F 5.12() L ........................................................ 5.16
F 5.12() S ........................................................................... 5.16
F 6.1 N PROKON B ....................................... 6.11
F 6.2 A F, S F B M D ...................................... 6.13
F 7.1 C ANGELINE ABAQUS........................ 7.1F 7.2() .L ....................... 7.2
F 7.2() .L ............................. 7.2
F 7.3 L ABAQUS ................................ 7.3
F 7.4 L ..................................................... 7.3
F 7.5() L ........................................................................................... 7.4
F 7.5() L ............................................................... 7.4
F 7.6 D 1.736 ............................................................ 7.6
F 7.7 D ...................................... 7.7
F 7.8 L ......................................................... 7.7
F 7.9 A 1.0............................................................... 7.8
F 7.10 S 1.0 ........................................................... 7.8F 7.11 B 1.0.................................................. 7.8
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
11/185
I
C R U S
F 7.12 LA .......................................................................................... 7.9
F 7.13 LB ............................................................................... 7.9
F 8.1 S ...................................................................... 8.1
F 8.2 P ... 8.2
F 8.3 P ....... 8.3
F 8.4 P , ........................... 8.3F 8.5 D ............................................... 8.4
F 8.6 D ................................................................................................... 8.6
F 8.7 M ........................................................... 8.9
F 9.1 F ........................................................................................... 9.1
F 9.2 M ......................................................................................................... 9.3
F 9.3 C .. 9.17
F 9.4 B ABAQUS ............................................................... 9.18
F 9.5 C ...................................................................................... 9.21
F 10.1 P .................................................................... 10.2
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
12/185
I
C R U S
LI F ABLET 3.1 V ...................................................................... 3.11
T 3.2. E ..................................................................... 3.13
T 5.1 F ............................... 5.18
T 5.2 P ............................................................................. 5.18
T 6.1 C .......................................................... 6.5T 6.2 C ............................................................................. 6.7
T 6.3 C ................................................................................. 6.7
T 6.4 E ........................................ 6.12
T 6.5 E .................................... 6.12
T 6.6 C I 254 146 37........................................................ 6.13
T 6.7 R I 254 146 37 .......................................................... 6.14
T 8.1 D 24.0, ............................................... 8.6
T 8.2 D 24.0, ................................................... 8.7
T 8.3 D .............................................................. 8.8
T 9.1() Y 24.0 6.0 ................... 9.4
T 9.1() Y 24.0 10.0................. 9.4T 9.1() Y 24.0 14.0 ................. 9.4
T 9.2 Y 24.0 ........................................ 9.5
T 9.3 Y .................................................... 9.6
T 9.4() D ................................................ 9.10
T 9.4() D ....................................... 9.10
T 9.5 D ......................................................... 9.12
T 9.6() D ..................................................... 9.13
T 9.6() D .......................................... 9.13
T 9.7() L 24.0 . 9.14T 9.7() L 24.0 .... 9.14
T 9.7() L ............................ 9.14
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
13/185
I
C R U S
LI F MBL
A
A
A
C
C U
C
E
G
G, ,
I K
L
M F
M U
P
Q,1 ,
Q,
T F
T U
U1
V F
W
W L
Z
Z
B
F
U
Y
H
C
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
14/185
I
C R U S
N
R
S
G,j
Q,1
Q,i
i
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
15/185
I
C R U S
LI F ABBEIAIN
ANGELINE A
SAISC S A I S C
SANS S A N S
TUB T U B
LL L L
DL D L
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
16/185
I 1.1
C R U S
1 INDCIN
D ,
. A J E M [14]
:
A ,
, . T
W T C , S 11, 2001,
.
1.1 HE BLEM
T
, ,
. P S A
S A
I S C (SAISC).
1.2 BJECIE
T . T
. T
.
T :
I ?
I . T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
17/185
I 1.2
C R U S
T :
.
A
C 4. T .
1.3 FL CHA F A 1
I C 2
. T .
T C 3,
. T
.
S, .
A P 1 .
F 1.1 F P 1
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
18/185
S 2.1
C R U S
2 AE F HE A IN ELAIC INABILI
T
. T
.
D :
T
T
T
ANGELINE (
2.1 HE BEHAI F CE
2.1.1 N
A
. E
.
T
[3]. H,
.
T
. F ,
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
19/185
S 2.2
C R U S
[3]. A
F 2.1.
F 2.1 N
T ,
[21]:
() T
.
T .
() T
. T
. T
.
() D ,
.
Displacement
u
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
20/185
S 2.3
C R U S
2.1.2
T [4]:
G
M
() G
G . T
, ,
. G
P . I
.
P
T
. T
.
T F 2.2 (). I P
.
P
T P F 2.2 ().
P P
A
CCBB
D
H
(a) (b)
A
CB
D
F 2.2 F : () P () P
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
21/185
S 2.4
C R U S
P
.
[15].
() M
T .
,
,
, , , ,
[4].
2.1.3
(a) General concept of elastic stability
G [4]
. I
.
H, , . I
. T P [21]:
I ,
. T
, .
F 2.3 . I
. T
: . I
( ). I
, . T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
22/185
S 2.5
C R U S
F 2.3 L [3]
() L
L
, . T
. T
F 2.4.
Displacement
LoadFactor
S
table
path
Limit state
UnloadingSequenc
e
Unstablepa
th
F 2.4 S
I , ,
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
23/185
S 2.6
C R U S
,
[22].
() B
I
; , ,
, . I
,
, , . T ,
, " "
[22].
I , .
2.2 ELAIC INABILI IN ICHED F EEL FAME
S [15]
F 2.5. T
.
T
.
F 2.5 E [15]
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
24/185
S 2.7
C R U S
2.3 DEEMINING HE IN F ELAIC INABILI INCLDING
GEMEIC NNLINEAI
I .
T S 2.3.1 2.3.2. A
.
2.3.1
T
. T ,
.
H,
.
T
. T
[5].
T
, [21].
2.3.2 D
V .
T
.
T
. T,
.
I
:
() T
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
25/185
S 2.8
C R U S
. T
.
() H, .
T ( )
.
A E . I
.
T . T
. T, ,
.
O
. T
.
2.4 ANGELINE
ANGELINE
P P J P T U B G,
P V G U A C E R
P P E D U S.
ANGELINE .
T
. ANGELINE
.
ANGELINE
T E. S
,
. T
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
26/185
S 2.9
C R U S
. T ,
[5].
I ,
. T
[5].
2.4.1 A ANGELINE
T . V
.
T ANGELINE C A I
[5].
T C A I
. T D I , N R I M
M N R I M.
T
. I
. I
, .
T B A I . H,
. T
[5].
2.4.2 I
T .F
C A I
, . T
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
27/185
S 2.10
C R U S
. H,
. A
. I
, .
2.5 MMA
() N .
() T
.
() ANGELINE,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
28/185
I 3.1
C R U S
3 INEIGAIE ANALI ELAIC INABILI
T
. T :
T ANGELINE .
A
.
A .
3.1 ANGELINE
3.1.1 ANGELINE
T ANGELINE
. ANGELINE 2D
. T 2D 2D
. A .
3.1.2 1: C A
() G I
W
. T M E .
M , ,
. T
F 3.1. A 6.0
12 F 3.2. T
, .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
29/185
I 3.2
C R U S
F 3.1 V ANGELINE
F 3.2 G M C
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
30/185
I 3.3
C R U S
P ,
E. N N E
, E E ,
L E . T
F E
S E .
D 1 2
. A . A
0. T F 3.3.
() A
T . T
. T
A E. I
,
. T AE . T
S 3.3.3.
O R E F 3.3. V
, . T
. M ,
. T F
. V,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
31/185
I
C R U S
F 3.3 V E ANGELINE
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
32/185
I 3.5
C R U S
() M. .
T , .
S. M. .
M.
M E. T . I
S.. T
2 F 3.4.
F 3.4 S.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
33/185
I 3.6
C R U S
3.1.3 2:
() G I
W M E
. I C1 S 3.3.
F 3.5.
F 3.5 P
P
.
W F 3.6.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
34/185
I 3.7
C R U S
F 3.6 G
() A
A R E. R
, .
() G. .
T G.,
F 3.7.
B , , ,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
35/185
I 3.8
C R U S
F 3.7 G.
S P., F 3.8. T
,
, ,
.
F 3.8 P.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
36/185
I 3.9
C R U S
3.2 CLMN INEIGAIN
T :
() V ANGELINE
T ANGELINE S 3.2.2
.
T E
ANGELINE
.
() T
T
. T S
5.3.
3.2.1 E B
T E 1759 . T E
[2].
T E :
2
2
EKL
EIP
)(
=
,
EI
KL ,
.
F KL
. F 3.9 K
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
37/185
I 3.10
C R U S
. T P=10.0N. R
.
F 3.9 K [3]
3.2.2 ANGELINE
() D
F 3.10 F
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
38/185
I 3.11
C R U S
T . C
. C 6.0
10.0 . F 3.10 . A
0.1 .
()
T ANGELINE E
T 3.1.
3.1 V
S
D
S
F
CL
()
ANGELINE
R
E
V
%
D
P 6 0.1290 0.1289 0.1424
P 8 0.0726 0.0725 0.1419
P 10 0.0465 0.0464 0.1356
F 6 0.5184 0.5154 0.5697
F 8 0.2916 0.2899 0.5690
20313325
F 10 0.1866 0.1856 0.5686
P 6 1.8340 1.8314 0.1426
P 8 1.0316 1.0301 0.1427
P 10 0.6602 0.6593 0.1427
F 6 7.3673 7.3254 0.5687
F 8 4.1441 4.1206 0.5692
45719175
F 10 2.6523 2.6372 0.5691
P 6 4.1841 4.1781 0.1427
P 8 2.3536 2.3502 0.1426
P 10 1.5063 1.5041 0.1425
F 6 16.8082 16.7125 0.5692
F 8 9.5461 9.5008 0.4749
533210122
F 10 6.0510 6.0165 0.5692
R ANGELINE E
. T
:
100VANGELINE
VEVANGELINED
=(%)
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
39/185
I 3.12
C R U S
3.2.3 I
() D
T 0.25%, 0.5%
0.75% . C 6.0
I:
203 133 25, 457 191 75 533 210 122.
()
R A A. E
. R
. T
.
3.2.4 D
() ANGELINE
A E
. T E
0.13% 0.14% 0.47% 0.56%
.
T E
. T ,
. T E
E . F
0.1% , 0.999
L, [21]. T T
3.2.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
40/185
I 3.13
C R U S
3.2. E
T
. T
. T
. A ,
. E
, . A
,
. T
. T
E [21].
() I
C . H,
. I
.
T
. I
,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
41/185
I 3.14
C R U S
T
.
3.3 INEIGAIE ANALE: AL FAME
3.3.1 D
T F 3.11. T
5.0, 3, 24.0 457 191 82 I. T
, .
F 3.11. S
N: E P=10.0N
, . R P.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
42/185
I 3.15
C R U S
3.3.2
T B1 B6 A B1
. T 0.10
.
T F 3.11 T B7
B12. A 0.10 . T
. T
2
. T C1 C6 F 3.12.
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
L
C2
C1
C3C4
C6
C5
D2
()
F 3.12 V 2u
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
43/185
I 3.16
C R U S
3.3.3 D
() T T B1 B6
.
T
. R 0.160
1.0. T
0.629 , 25%
. T
.
I 0.1 , 0.015,
2.4% .
I ,
. T ,
0 ,
. T
.
T
I
, .
T . T
,
[21].
() T T B7 B12
. T :
(i) T C1, C2 C5
. S
. T .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
44/185
I 3.17
C R U S
(ii) P C3, C4 C6
T B9, B10 B12.
T . F
C C1 . T
A B2 F 3.13.
F 3.13 V (C C1)
I
. T . T
C1.
T
. T
C C3
A B2.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
45/185
I 3.18
C R U S
T D 8.3%
0.00 9.45
. T
.
P 22.5
. T
.
T
.
3.4 CNCLIN
3.4.1 C
() M N A
C
.
()
T
. T
.
3.4.2
T ANGELINE
.
() C
T
. T
, .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
46/185
I 3.19
C R U S
() I
S ,
.
T C3 C6
.
N
.
() I
I
. T
.
T
. T
.
3.4.3 E N B F
() L D
() T C2
0.008 5 0.045 .
() I C5
. T 0.140
5.0 1.53 12.4.
() T C4
0.001 5
0.005 30.0
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
47/185
I 3.20
C R U S
() T C6
. T 0.034
5.0 0.190 30.0.
T 0.5%
. H,
.
() C
T C1 C6
.
3.5 MMA
P .
T
.
T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
48/185
I 4.1
C R U S
4 INLANE CAL BEHAI F AL
FAME
4.1 INDCIN
T C 3
,
, .
T ANGELINE .
T
. M
. H,
:
M
.
T
. T
,
.
T
.
A
,
. T
. T .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
49/185
I 4.2
C R U S
A ,
. I
.
4.2 BJECIE
T
:
2D ,
.
4.3 MEHD F AACH
A F 4.1, .
T ,
. T
:
P DRAFT SANS 101601 (B
S D A B I S B
) [17], DRAFT SANS 101602 (B S D
A B I S S
)[18] SANS 101621:2005 (T ) [16].
A
PROKON, S A. T
, SANS 10162
1:2005, .
A ABAQUS. ABAQUS
.
T ANGELINE.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
50/185
I 4.3
C R U S
S SANS 101621:2005
,
ANGELINE.
T ,
.
F 4.1 F
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
51/185
M 5.1
C R U S
5 MDELLING CNIDEAIN F AL FAME
T
2D . T :
T
.
T .
T .
I
.
I .
5.1 IDENIFICAIN F A ICAL AL FAME AND LAD AEN
5.1.1 I
I
, .
T
, ,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
52/185
M 5.2
C R U S
A [6]:
A 15 50 (25 35 )
A 5 10 (5 6 )
A 5 10 (6 )
A 5 8
H
A F 5.1.
6.0m
1.00
F 5.1 B
T ,
. F ,
, F 5.1. F
. S
, . O
.
5.1.2 L
T F 5.2. T
. T
S 5.3.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
53/185
M 5.3
C R U S
O DRAFT SANS 101602 3,
,
. H, , .
F 5.2 L
5.2 E F ELEMEN BE ED IN MDELLING
F PROKON
SANS 101621:2005, ABAQUS
ANGELINE .
5.2.1
F ,
I
3D . T
. F
. T
,
[24]. A ,
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
54/185
M 5.4
C R U S
. H,
.
T E B
T . T E B
, .
. T
. T E B
.
5.2.2 N
I
. T
. L .
F , P [21] : T
. T
, , . T
.
A PROKON,
ABAQUS ANGELINE. T
. T
. E 6, 12
24 . I ANGELINE PROKON
, , . I ABAQUS
. T
S 5.5.
C A C. N
0.5%
. H, 12 .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
55/185
M 5.5
C R U S
5.3 IMEFECIN
T . P
[4]:
U
.
I . F
.
U
.
R . T
.
T ,
, ,
.
5.3.1 M
() M
T C ( 2005)[11]:
() B
C K (1987), S P, D U
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
56/185
M 5.6
C R U S
T . T
:
KL+ KG= 0
,
KL=
KG=
=
A
. T
. T
. H,
.
() A
T . I
0.5% . I
.
() I
T SANS 2001 CS
[19] L/1000. T . B
.
T
. T
,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
57/185
M 5.7
C R U S
() E
:
I
.
A .
5.3.2 AN 10162
1:2005
T SANS 101621: 2005 [16], S 8.7:
T , ,
(0.005 ,
T . V
.
5.3.3
T
A D. ANGELINE .
T I 203 133 25
.
T 0.25%, 0.5% 0.75%
.
T ,
F 5.3
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
58/185
M 5.8
C R U S
Load
Factor
0.10
0.00
-0.10
0.30
0.40
0.20
0.50
F 5.3 L
T
.
A 0.5%
F 5.2 .
5.4 MDELLING F HANCHE
T
.
P I, .
I S A .
T
ANGELINE. T M E
. T
. E . T
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
59/185
M 5.9
C R U S
G.. T
F 5.4.
2.0m
24.0m
0
2
4
11 13 15 17
27
25
23
5
6
7 8 9 10 1921
F 5.4 H ANGELINE
I ABAQUS
I , F
5.5. T :
. T I
.
F 5.5 E I
5.5 LAIC DEFMAIN F CAL MEMBE
I
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
60/185
M 5.10
C R U S
5.5.1
A ,
F 5.6 (). I
M
2
2
I. B
F 5.6(),
F 5.6(). W M = Z ,
. A
M= Z
[10].
F 5.6 S
H,
F 5.7. T
. L AB
H . I
. C
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
61/185
M 5.11
C R U S
F 5.7 I
I M
, , M ,
[1].
L [13]
8% . T
.
5.5.2 H
T
. T .
T , F 5.8. S
() F 5.8 . A F 5.8() C
. A
F 5.8().
T . T
[9].
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
62/185
M 5.12
C R U S
F 5.8 V
5.5.3 C
P . T
+ 1. T
2 4 .
V [23]:
() M 1. P
T
.
() M 2. S
T
.
() M 3. C
T (M 1)
(M 2) A
F 5.9 ().
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
63/185
M 5.13
C R U S
F 5.9 C [23]
I
.
5.5.4
ABAQUS
. A ( )
ABAQUS.
G RIKS ABAQUS.
T RIKS
. T N .
T
F 5.10.
T . T
. T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
64/185
M 5.14
C R U S
I20313325
6.0
F 5.10 V ABAQUS
() E 1
() N (ABAQUS)
T F 5.11(). T
6. A
. T 6.18. T 61.86N.
F 5.11() L
L F D
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
D M N ()
L
F(1
0N)
P=61.86N
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
65/185
M 5.15
C R U S
F 5.11()S
() T
T . T
E 1
.
T 203 133 25 I :
P M (M) = Z
,
Z = P S M
=
M= 259 103 6 350 P = 90.65N.
B M M N =4
PL
,
P =
L =
C , P :
= 60.43N
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
66/185
M 5.16
C R U S
() E 2
() N (ABAQUS)
T F 5.12(). T
14.0. A .
T 15.19N.
F 5.12() L ()
() T
B M S = P L
,
P =
L =
C , P :
= 15.11N
L F D
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
D N ()
L
F(1.0
N
P=15.19N
C
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
67/185
M 5.17
C R U S
()
A 2.3% 0.53%
1 2, .
T . I
.
T
.
5.5 CMAIBILI F FAE ACKAGE
T
6.41N F 5.2.
C
SANS 101621:2005 [16]. I
.
T
,
. T T 5.1.
T (%)
, .
T
. T
T 5.2.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
68/185
M 5.18
C R U S
5.1 F
A F (N)
F
(N) B M (N.)
D
()
L(N)
LC
C
L
LC
C
LC
C
L
H
LC
ANGELINE
38.74 38.95 22.62 22.60 21.36 21.77 133.10 135.70 75.30 75.26 297.70 24.80
ABAQUS
38.80 39.90 22.62 22.60 21.29 21.69 130.80 133.40 74.70 75.18 299.00 23.70
PROKON
6.41
38.90 39.20 22.50 22.50 21.10 21.82 132.10 135.20 75.20 76.80 291.30 25.11
5.2 P
A F F B M D
L
(N)
LC
C
L
LC
C
LC
C
L
H
LC
ANGELINE
0.00 0.00 0.53 0.62 1.33 0.37 1.72 1.72 0.74 0.11 2.15 4.60
ABAQUS
0.16 2.44 0.53 0.62 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 0.00
PROKON
6.41
0.41 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.96 1.36 0.66 2.16 0.00 5.90
N
. H, . T
2% 4% 5%
. O
.
5.6 MMA
A .
B .
ABAQUS .
R ANGELINE, ABAQUS PROKON
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
69/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.1
C R U S
6 DEIGN F AL FAME ACCDING DAF
AN 101601 & 2: 2008 AND AN 101621:2005.
6.1 INDCIN
I DRAFT SANS 101601 (B
S D A B I S B
) [17], DRAFT SANS 101602 (B S D A B
I S S ) [18] SANS 101621:2005 (T
) [16] .
T .
6.2 LIMI AE DEIGN
T DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2 :2008 SANS 101621:2005,
. T
. D ( , )
.
E
,
.
L
. T
..
S
S
S
S
D
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
70/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.2
C R U S
F
F
T
. T
. O .
6.3 DEIGN F A AL FAME ACCDING DAF AN 101601 & 2:
2008 AND AN 101621:2005
6.3.1 A
T ,
.
()
T
. T
. S
.
() I
I ,
. T
.
P ,
. T
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
71/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.3
C R U S
DRAFT SANS 101602, T 5
:
() F
0,75N/2 23mA
0,25kN/m2for 215mA
1.0N 0.1 0.1
() F :
0,50N/2 23mA
0,25N/2 215mA
1.0N 0.1 0.1
F 32 152 . T
.
I . T
152. T
0.25N/2 ,
.
6.4 LAD CMBINAIN
6.4.1
T C 7.3.2.1 DRAFT SANS 101601. T
:
++++1 1
Q11QG AQQPG """""""" ,,,,,, ,
""+
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
72/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.4
C R U S
G, j
G , j
P
1Q,
1Q ,
Q, i
Q , i
i
A
T T 2 DRAFT SANS 101601.
T :
1 Q01G351 ,, .. +
1 Q61G21 ,, .. +
,
G , = DL (D )
1Q , = LL (L L)
6.4.2
A , . T
,
. T C 8.2 DRAFT SANS
101601. T :
1 Q01G11 ,, .. +
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
73/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.5
C R U S
6.5 CAACI F MEMBE LIMAE LIMI AE
6.5.1 A
A PROKON .
6.5.2 D
T
. T, .
S I
.
6.5.3 C
M ,
. W
, .
F
. T
.
() M
C SANS 101621, T 3 :
6.1 C
C D G
200
<
I
2
=
670
<
I
=
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
74/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.6
C R U S
,
=
=
=
=
I
, 4,
.
() D 4
I 4
SANS 101621 C 13.3.3.3. U
3 .
E6440W
.=
I W152 0.25N/2 2.000 2.500DRAFT SANS 101602,
T 5
2.500 N
V T 6.4 T 6.5 ,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
81/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.13
C R U S
6.7.3 A
T 1.2DL + 1.6LL. T ,
F 6.2.
F 6.2 A F, S F B M D
6.7.4
C A E
. A E
. T
T 6.6 6.7, :
6.6 C I 254 146 37
F F
A 38.9N 1133.96N
B 135.2N. 152.775N.
B A I A A 78.67%
T N A N A
B T N A N A
S 22.5N 340.62N
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
82/185
D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.14
C R U S
6.7 R I 254 146 37
F F
A 25.80N 540.78N
B 76.8N. 152.775N.
B A I A A 46. 5%
T N A N A
B T N A N A
S 33.5N 340.62N
T . T
. T
2.0
. A
I
, . T
S 8.2.1. () F 8.6.
6.8 MMA
P DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2:2008 SANS 10162
1:2005 .
T DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2
:2008 SANS 101621:2005.
A 254 146 37 I .
T ( )
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
83/185
D 7.1
C R U S
7 ANALI F BENCHMAK AL FAME
I ABAQUS ANGELINE
. T .
7.1 ANALI F BENCHMAK AL FAME
7.1.1
T F
7.1. T ABAQUS
ANGELINE. T 12
, . T P 10.0N
. T
, P=10.0N . T
.
6.0m
12elements
F 7.1 C ANGELINE ABAQUS
7.1.2 A ABA B
S
,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
84/185
D 7.2
C R U S
V .
() ABA
() L
L F 7.2 () 7.2 ()
.
F 7.2().L
F 7.2() L
T
, . R
ABAQUS ,
F 7.3.
T .
T
(350 MP). I S 7.1.2 (
ANGELINE) ,
.
X
Y
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
85/185
D 7.3
C R U S
XX
S
S
F 7.3 L ABAQUS
T
,
F 7.2() T
. S
. T F 7.2().
T 0.7626,
0.7734. T
. T 0.8769.
F 7.4
.
F 7.4 L
D L F
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1 0.5 0 0.5D ()
LF
H
H
V
0.763
0.876
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
86/185
D 7.4
C R U S
T
.
S ,
. T
. T .
F ,
.
T S 5.5 F 5.9,
. A ,
.
()
T F 7.5. F 7.5()
F 7.5 ()
.
F 7.5() L
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
87/185
D 7.5
C R U S
L F S
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
L F
M
SE(MP)
L C T
L R E
L R R
R R R
R R E
R C T
F 7.5() L
T
. T .
S . F
.
H, ,
() F 7.5().
7.1.2 A ANGELINE B
T ANGELINE. A 1.0N
0.1. T
:
T .
(a)
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
88/185
D 7.6
C R U S
T
.
T ,
.
() ANGELINE
() D
T F 7.6
1.736.
F 7.6 D 1.736
F 7.7 F 7.8
, . Y1 2
.
I ,
0.7626. A 0.7626
ABAQUS F 7.2 (). T
1.70
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
89/185
D 7.7
C R U S
F 7.7 D
T (1), (2)
(3), F 7.7 7.8. T
0.641. D
F 7.7.
F 7.8 L
I F 7.8
SANS 101621: 2005 . T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
90/185
D 7.8
C R U S
() A ,
T ,
F 7.9, F 7.10 F 7.11, .
F 7.9 A 1.0
Shear Force diagram
36.25N 37.01N
52.26N
52.58N
F 7.10 S 1.0
F 7.11 B 1.0
A
. T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
91/185
D 7.9
C R U S
F 7.9 ,
F 6.2 PROKON. M
.
F 7.12 7.13
.
A F
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 20 40 60A F (N)
LF T
R R
R C
F 7.12 LA
B M
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 50 100 150 200B M (N.)
L
F T
R C
F 7.13 LB
T .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
92/185
D 7.10
C R U S
7.2 CNCLIN
7.2.1 ABA
() T
S 5.5.
() T , ,
. T
7.2.2 ANGELINE
() I . T
20
1.1DL + 1.0LL 25. I
132
291.0 .
T , 305 165 46 I
254 146 37 I
.
() T .
() T .
7.3 MMA
T ABAQUS ANGELINE.
T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
93/185
D 8.1
C R U S
8 DEIGN F AL FAME F AAMEE D
A C 8. T F 8.1.
F 8.1 S
8.1 DEFINIIN F AL FAME
T
.
T F 8.2, F
8.3 F 8.4. T :
S 1: P
.
S .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
94/185
D 8.2
C R U S
S 2: P
.
S
.
S 3: P
.
T
.
F 8.2 P
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
95/185
D 8.3
C R U S
Column
Length
F 8.3 P
ColumnLength
PPPPPP0.5P
P P P P P 0.5P
0.00512P
R S
S 28.0
R S
C L
6.0
6
12
14.0
S 24.0
R S
C L
6.0
6
12
14.0
S 32.0
R S
C L
6.0
6
12
14.0
F 8.4 P ,
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
96/185
D 8.4
C R U S
8.2 DEIGN F AL FAME F HE AAMEE D
T DRAFT SANS 101601 (B
S D A B I S B
), DRAFT SANS 101602 (B S D A B
I S S ) SANS 101621:2005 (T
).T PROKON. T
:
I .
I I
SANS 101621:2005.
8.2.1
() L
S ,
. I F 8.5
.
F 8.5 D
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
97/185
D 8.5
C R U S
() DAF AN 101601 & 2: 2008
AN 101621:2005
() C
T
. F
.
T I
.
T
. T
SANS 101621:2005 :
1M
M
T 0.85 1 2
.
I
.
()
T
. H,
. I
(1) (2) F 8.6
(3). H
.
1M
MU850
C
C
1
+.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
98/185
D 8.6
C R U S
F 8.6 D
() I
T , ,
. T .
() 1 :
A
A F. A
. T 8.1
24.0.
8.1 D 24.0,
F
C
H
()
()
D
3 25414637
6 25414637
9 254146376
12 25414637
3 25414637
6 25414637
9 2541463710
12 25414637
3 25414631
6 25414631
9 25414631
24
P
14
12 25414631
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
99/185
D 8.7
C R U S
T (
6.0) 10.0 . 25414637 I
(M= 152.775N.). I 30510233 I (M= 151.15N.)
.
H, S A 254 146 37 I
.
A 254 146 31 I (M = 124.425N.)
14.0
. A, 305 102 29 I (M= 128.52N.)
254 146 31 .
() 2 : F
T 8.2
24.0.
W 6.0 10.0 12 , I I
.
8.2 D 24.0,
F
C
H
()
()
D
6 254146376
12 254146316 25414637
1012 25414631
6 25414631
24
F
1412 25414631
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
100/185
D 8.8
C R U S
()
T 8.3 .
8.3 D
()
F
C
H
()
()
D
6 305165416
12 25414643
6 2541464328
1412 25414643
6 30516554612 30516554
6 3561714532
P
1412 35617145
S
254 I
.
() D
F 8.7
.
F 8.7(), F 8.7(), F 8.7(),
24.0,
, .
T PROKON.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
101/185
D 8.9
C R U S
D
D
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12
R ()
D()
24.0
D
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12
R ()
D()
24.0 F
D
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
6 12 6 12 6 12
R ()
D()
C H D
A H D
C V D
A V D
F 8.7 M
F 8.7
.
6.0 10.0 14.0
S 24.0 S 28.0 S 32.0
6.0 10.0 14.0
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
102/185
D 8.10
C R U S
8.3 CNCLIN
8.3.1 F
T . I
. T
.
8.3.2 D
D
SANS 101621:2005. T
. I
S 9.1.4
( )
. T
.
8.4 MMA
T ABAQUS PROKON.
T
.
A .
T
SANS 101621:2005.
S .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
103/185
A 9.1
C R U S
9 ANALI EL AND DICIN F HE
AAMEE D
T ,
,
C 7. T
C 8.
I , F 9.1.
ANGELINE
ABAQUS
F 9.1 F
T :
( ) E
T
. B
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
104/185
A 9.2
C R U S
H,
S 5.5
.
()
T . T
.
() A ANGELINE
ABA.
A ANGELINE
.
() A
.
T
.. .
I ABAQUS
ANGELINE .
9.1 EL
9.1.1 E ABA
T C 8
F 9.2.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
105/185
A 9.3
C R U S
F 9.2 M
T 9.1, T 9.2 T 9.3
. T
.
T
24.0 ( 9.1.1.),
24.0 ( 9.1.1.)
( 9.1.1.).
() 24.0
() C L 6.0
P
. S,
. U
.
T
. W 3 ,
, 2.0 .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
106/185
A 9.4
C R U S
9.1() Y 24.0 6.0
() T
.
() T ()
, ()
() . T () I, ()
M () D, .
() C L 10.0
9.1() Y 24.0 10.0
() T
.
() T ()
, ()
()
. T () I, ()M () D, .
I 10.0,
T 9.1..
Y .
C
()
()
(LF)
()
L
(LF)
L
()
(LF)
M
(LF)
()
6 3 0.7320 F 0.7550 F 0.8540 0.8540 M T
6 6 0.7626 F 0.7734 F 0.8769 0.8769 M 2.0
6 9 0.7869 F 0.7974 F 0.8933 0.8933 M 2.0
6 12 0.8080 F 0.8292 F 0.9047 0.9047 M 2.0
C
()
(
)
(LF)
()
L
(LF)
L
()
(LF)
M
(LF)
()
10 3 0.7884 F 0.7957 F 0.83574 0.83655 D T
10 6 0.7987 F 0.8074 P 0.8346 0.8426 D T
10 9 0.8046 F 0.8131 P 0.8310 0.8497 D 2.0
10 12 0.8170 F 0.8250 P 0.8247 0.85673 D 2.0
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
107/185
A 9.5
C R U S
() C L 14.0
9.1() Y 24.0 14.0
() T
.
() T ()
, ()
() . T () I, ()
M () D, .
I 14.0, .
H, 10.0
.
() F 24.0
T 9.2 .
9.2 Y 24.0
() T
.
() T ()
, ()
() . T () I, ()
M () D, .
C
()
()
(LF)
L
(LF)
L
()
(LF)
M
(LF)
()
14 3 0.6722 NA N 0.6897 0.6933 D T
14 6 0.6753 NA N 0.6744 0.6965 D T
14 9 0.6759 NA N 0.6326 0.6955 D 2.0
14 12 0.6780 NA N 0.6065 0.6931 D 2.0
()
C
()
()
(LF)
()
L
(LF)
L
()
(LF)
M
(LF)
()
24 6 6 0.7831 F 0.7831 F 0.9823 0.9822 M 1.0
24 6 12 0.7242 F 0.7242 F 0.9260 0.9260 M T
24 10 6 0.7891 F 0.7942 F 0.9475 0.9516 I T
24 10 12 0.6741 F 0.6741 F 0.8000 0.8071 I T
24 14 6 0.6673 F 0.6802 F 0.7538 0.7599 I T
24 14 12 0.7545 F 0.7648 F 0.8001 0.8071 I T
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
108/185
A 9.6
C R U S
S ,
.
S, .
T ,
6.0 3 . I
.
F
.
() 24.0, 28.0 32.0
T 9.3 .
9.3 Y
() T
.
() T ()
, ()
()
. T () I, ()
M () D, .
()
C
()
()
(LF)
()
L
(LF)
L
()
(LF)
M
(LF)
()
28 6 6 0.7123 F 0.7243 F 0.84215 0.8421 M1.0
28 6 12 0.7055 F 0.7163 F 0.773 0.7730 M1.0
28 14 6 0.7076 F NA N 0.6720 0.7293 D1.0
28 14 12 0.7149 F NA N 0.6359 0.7325 D1.0
32 6 6 0.7398 F 0.7513 F 0.8668 0.8668 M T
32 6 12 0.8182 F 0.8182 P 0.9133 0.9135 D 2.0
32 14 6 0.7085 F 0.7085 P 0.7449 0.7554 D1.0
32 14 12 0.7239 F 0.7327 P 0.7364 0.7703 D1.0
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
109/185
A 9.7
C R U S
S 24.0.
T
6.0. T
6.0 28.0.
H, 32.0
6.0
.
F 10.0 14.0 ,
24.0
9.1.2 D
A G1, A G2 A G3
.
. T , ,
.
() 24.0
A G1
24.0.
T
. A
. T
. T
. T
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
110/185
A 9.8
C R U S
. T
. T
.
T
,
.
T 14.0.
() F
A G2 . A
. S
,
. A
.
()
T
A G3. T
6.0
. T ,
12 . P 10.0 14.0
.
9.1.3 E
F
. T
1.0. A 0.1 . A
A H. T
T 9.4, T 9.5 T 9.6. E A H
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
111/185
A 9.9
C R U S
. 1 2
. T
:
T .
( P1).
T ( P2).
T ,
, ( P3 P4).
T 9.4, 9.5 9.6 . T
1.0
(S () () T 9.4.
I
. ,
. S () () T 9.4.
() 24.0
I T 9.4() 6.0
. T
.
S
10.0 14.0 ,
.
T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
112/185
A 9.10
C R U S
9.4() D
L C
M
N
D
()
()
L F
M N
D
()
A L F 1
()
()
C
L
()
()
H D ()
()
3 8.4 0.8 7.7 1.3
6 32.5 N 32.5 1.5
9 51.5 N 51.5 1.56.0
12 68.0 N 68.0 1.5
32.2 0.3 14.6 4.46 20.6 0.8 19.0 4.4
9 49.5 N 49.5 4.510.0
12 77.1 N 77.0 4.4
3 0.0 0.0 293.4 1.5
6 6.2 0.3 245.6 1.5
9 20.3 0.4 221.4 1.514.0
12 40.2 0.5 168.8 1.5
() I .
() I
.
I 1
. T ()
.
() I 1.0.
T 9.4 ()
4.5.
I 6.0
.
A
14.0
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
113/185
A 9.11
C R U S
9.4() D
(A 1)
()
C
L
()
()
H
D
()
D
()
3 5.9 528.3
6 5.9 472.6
9 6.0 427.16.0
12 6.1 385.3
3 25.0 685.3
6 25.4 650.3
9 27.0 620.710.0
12 30.6 585.3
3 281.0 1053.9
6 300 1024.99 323.0 1000.6
14.0
12 364.0 987.7
T 9.4 ()
6.0 .
T . H,
.
N ,
.
H, 1.0
.
T .
() F
R T 9.5 .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
114/185
A 9.12
C R U S
9.5 D
L C
H
D()
D()
H
D()
D()
C
L()
()
A L F 1
6 30.9 7.1 1.0 377.76.0
12 63.4 1.0 1.3 337.3
6 37.4 2.0 4.2 532.210.0
12 97.6 2.9 5.5 564.9
6 53.7 7.0 7.1 843.414.0
12 115.2 6.5 15.1 752.4
() I .
() I
.
I 1
. T ()
.
() I 1.0.
N 1.0.
A . H
.
N ,
.
T 1.0 ,
. T .
()
T 9.6() T 9.6()
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
115/185
A 9.13
C R U S
9.6() D
L C
()
M
ND
()
()
L F
M ND
()
A L F 1()
()
C
L
()
()
H D ()
()
6 38.0 1.0 38.0 1.26.0
12 96.0 1.0 96.0 2.2
6 13.1 0.4 81.5 13.8
28.0
14.012 70.0 0.7 22.1 13.3
6 45.4 1.0 45.4 1.26.0
12 85.1 1.0 85.1 1.5
6 23.6 0.7 12.8 7.6
32.0
14.012 103.3 1.0 103.3 7.7
() I .
() I
.
I 1
. T ()
.
() I 1.0.
9.6() D
()
C
L
()
C
L
()
()
H
D
()
D
()
3 5.1 527.06.0
6 7.4 555.0
9 146.3 1181.028.014.0
12 157.9 1105.0
3 4.7 620.16.0
6 4.8 467.1
9 5.5 989.532.0
14.012 5.7 906.7
T
14.0 28.0 32.0. T
28.0 24.0 .
H, 14.0
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
116/185
A 9.14
C R U S
. T . T
.
N ,
.
9.1.4 A
T 9.7 (), T 9.7 (), T 9.7 ()
.
T SANS 101621:2005
5 6. T
ANGELINE, 7 8. T
. C 9
( DRAFT SANS 101601).
9.7() L 24.0L AN
101621:2005
ANGELINE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
C
H
H
()
()
L
F
H
D
L
L
F
D
L
L
24 H 6 3 20.0 133.3 0.342 0.271 0.470
24 H 6 6 20.0 133.3 0.339 0.297 0.47124 H 6 9 20.0 133.3 0.265 0.329 0.472
24 H 6 12 20.0 133.3 0.183 0.334 0.474
24 H 10 3 33.3 133.3 0.265 0.179 0.470
24 H 10 6 33.3 133.3 0.219 0.220 0.471
24 H 10 9 33.3 133.3 0.192 0.231 0.472
24 H 10 12 33.3 133.3 0.173 0.244 0.474
24 H 14 3 46.7 133.3 0.177 0.140 0.457
24 H 14 6 46.7 133.3 0.151 0.143 0.458
24 H 14 9 46.7 133.3 0.123 0.150 0.459
24 H 14 12 46.7 133.3 0.118 0.154 0.461
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
117/185
A 9.15
C R U S
9.7()L
24.0
L
AN
101621:2005
ANGELINE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
C
H
H
()
()
L
F
H
D
L
L
F
D
L
L
24 F 6 6 20.0 133.3 0.437 0.379 0.471
24 F 6 12 20.0 133.3 0.291 0.423 0.460
24 F 10 6 33.3 133.3 0.350 0.267 0.471
24 F 10 12 33.3 133.3 0.233 0.285 0.460
24 F 14 6 46.7 133.3 0.261 0.175 0.458
24 F 14 12 46.7 133.3 0.193 0.195 0.460
9.7()L
L
AN
101621:2005
ANGELINE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
C
H
H
()
()
L
F
H
D
L
L
F
D
L
L
28 H 6 6 20.0 155.6 0.293 0.315 0.479
28 H 6 12 20.0 155.6 0.160 0.302 0.487
28 H 14 6 46.7 155.6 0.128 0.147 0.484
28 H 14 12 46.7 155.6 0.123 0.157 0.487
32 H 6 6 20.0 177.8 0.214 0.313 0.507
32 H 6 12 20.0 177.8 0.157 0.210 0.511
32 H 14 6 46.7 177.8 0.195 0.192 0.488
32 H 14 12 46.7 177.8 0.196 0.401 0.494
I ANGELINE
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
118/185
A 9.16
C R U S
9.2 DICIN N EL
T .
I
. S,
.
9.2.1 F
()
W 32.0
12 , ( ) 6.0
S 5.5.
P 10.0 14.0 ( )
S 5.5
,
.
T
,
.
F 9.3
.
T
. ,:
100FLM
YCRFLFLMDP
=
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
119/185
A 9.17
C R U S
P D
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12
R S ()
PD
F 9.3 C
P
, .
() F
F ,
. T
,
.
() C
I
SANS 101621:2005. A SANS 101621:2005
.
6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 14.0 6.0 14.0
P S 24.0F S 24.0 S 28.0
P
S 32.0
P
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
120/185
A 9.18
C R U S
T . T
SANS 101621:2005
ABAQUS.
C PROKON SANS 101621,2
3,
.
T PROKON
SANS 101621:2005 (.. M = Z F). T
. T M F 9.4.
T ABAQUS
. T
F 9.4.
L F
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12
R (0)
L
M
ABAQUS
F 9.4 B ABAQUS
6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 14.0 6.0 14.0
P F V S
28.0 32.0
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
121/185
A 9.19
C R U S
T SANS 101621:2005
M (P I)
ABAQUS .
9.2.2 D
T
1. 0.
9.2.3 I
() D
()
R
.
() H
A 6.0
10.0 14.0
.
I
. T
. P
.
H,
10.0 14.0 ,
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
122/185
A 9.20
C R U S
() I
I
.
T
. T
14.0
24.0 28.0.
L
.
() I
I
. T
. E .
9.2.4
I
SANS 101621:2005 . F 9.5
T 9.7.
T
.
T . A B
28.0 32.0, .
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
123/185
A 9.21
C R U S
L F L
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12R S(
)
LF(10N)
A
S V D
S H D
F 9.5 C
T 3 6
.
9.3 CNCLIN
() F
T
. I
.
P 6.0
S 5.5. I 10.0 14.0,
.
T . H,
.
6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 14.0 6.0 14.0
A B
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
124/185
A 9.22
C R U S
I
.
() E
T SANS
101621:2005, ,
ABAQUS.
() E
I C 3 ,
(I
).
I
.
T ANGELINE .
()
T . F
. I SANS 101621:2005
.
H A D SANS 101621:2005
.
T
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
125/185
A 9.23
C R U S
9.4 MMA
P .
E .
T
SANS 101621:2005
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
126/185
C 10.1
C R U S
10 CNCLIN AND ECMMENDAIN
10.1 INDCIN
T . R
. T :
F
D
T .
10.2 CNCLIN AND ECMMENDAIN
10.2.1
() I
.
C 3 C 9.
T . I
.
H,
. A .
() P
.
C 7 C 9.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
127/185
C 10.2
C R U S
T
. I
. T
.
I ANGELINE
. T
.
T
.
10.2.2 D
() T
. T
.
C 8.
T .
S F 10.1.
F 10.1P
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
128/185
C 10.3
C R U S
T
. T
S A. H,
, ,
.
T SANS 101621:2005
. T
.
() T
.
C 6 C 9.
A A D SANS 101621:2005.
I
. S
:
O
: T
.
T
T
I
.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
129/185
R 11.1
C R U S
11 EFEENCE
11.1 BK
1. B, H (1980). D F. C U P,
C.
2. C, A (1956). BC, 1: I B
D. MG H, N Y.
3. C, L, G (1996). D F. WILEY IEEE,
E.
4. G, T. V. (1988). G D C M .
C: J W S, N Y.
C 1: S T
C 2: C L CC 16: F S
5. G, P D. G N A
F.T .
C 1 : S
C 2 : N
C 4 : P F
C 7 : S A
6. M, J (2004). D AN 101621:2005. CSIR,
P.
7. T, G (1961). E . MGH, N Y.
8. T,N.B,M (2001). B D
B5950. T F.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
130/185
R 11.2
C R U S
11.2 BLICAIN
9. BBCSA C. C M B A
D M B F. B
C S A, N 5, 1957.
10. J, M, R, T. D. B C
S A, N 28, 1965.
11. C, H, F. A A I F
B C. J E M, V 131, N 6 (633
640), 2005.
12. D, J.M. I .T S E, V
68, N 8 (141147), 1990.
13. L, K, R, D, E. E 3 I
F, T S E, V 83, N 21 2005.
14. R, C. A F . J
E M, V 131(557558), 2005.
15. S, C. E B B
F. J C S R, V 6 (804818), 2007.
11.3 DEIGN CDE
16. S S A (2005). AN 101621:2005,
. S S A, P.
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
131/185
R 11.3
C R U S
17. S S A (2005).D AN 101602.B D
A B I .
T .
18. S S A (2005).D AN 101603.B D
A B I A. T .
19. S A I S C (2000). A
C. S A I S C,
P.
20. S A I S C(2005). A
C H. S A I S C, P.
11.4 INEIE
21. D P PJ P, T U B (TUB), G
1218 M 20088 M 2008
17 J 2008
14 N 2008
18 N 2008
11.5 ELECNIC EFEENCE
22. L 6.1: C E E.
:/...///T//06/0410.
D : 3 M 2008.
23. Z, Y. A: A C A.
....//
D : 23 S 2008
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
132/185
R 11.4
C R U S
24. H, K, S. ABA D.
../////D
D : J 2007 A 2008
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
133/185
AppendixA:Elasticstabilityofcolumns
ChantalRudman UniversityofStellenbosch
APPENDIXA:ELASTICSTABILITYOFCOLUMNS
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
134/185
AppendixA:Elasticstabilityofcolumns
ChantalRudman UniversityofStellenbosch
lNoPerturbationLoad
l0
.25%P
erturbationLoad
l0.5
0%P
erturbationLoad
l0.7
5%P
erturbationLoad
ApplicationofPerturba
tionLoad
Description
Perturbation
Load
Application
Displacement
Mode of
Column
Other
Information
1287 0
0 0
0
1287
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
1279.3 12.2
245.2 0
468.2
1301.9
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
1278.4 24.1
316.5 0
612.3
1316.7
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
1278.1 29.6
374.5 0
719.2
1332.2
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMome
nt
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
Column Section
Length
Support Conditions
203 x 133 x 25
6.0m
Pinned Pinned
Buckling
Buckling
Buckling
Buckling
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 0kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 50kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 75kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 25kN
LoadFactor
-0.0
4
-0.0
80.00
0.04
0.08
Vert
icalDisplacement
-0.0
6
Dis
Figure 2. Displacement at Top No
-0.1
4
-0.1
2
0.12
-0.1
0
LoadFactor
0.1
0
0.0
00.00
0.04
0.08
VerticalDisplacement
D
Figure 1. Displacement at Mid N
-0.1
0
0.3
0
0.2
0
0.12
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
135/185
AppendixA:Elasticinstabilityofcolumns
ChantalRudman UniversityofStellenbosch
NoPerturbation
Load
0.2
5%P
erturbationLoad
0.5
0%P
erturbationLoad
0.7
5%P
erturbationLoad
ApplicationofPerturbationLoad
Description
Perturbation
Load
Application
Displacement
Mode of
Column
Other
Information
18081.12 0
0 0
0
18081.12
AxialF
orce
(kN)
Shear
Force
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
18066.98 420.9
5972.3 0
11525.7
19016.37
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
18040.6 478.9
6484.4 0
12551.6
19163.9
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
18012.6 528.2
6867.3 0
13328.0
19273.6
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
Column Section
Length
Support Conditions
457 x 191 x 75
6.0m
Pinned Pinned
Buckling
Buckling
Buckling
Buckling
LoadFactor
0.0
00.00
1.00
1.50
VerticalDisplacement
D
Figure 1. Displacement at Mid N
-0.1
0
0.4
0
0.2
0
0.50
LoadFactor
-0.0
8
-0.1
6
0.00
0.50
1.00
VerticalDisplacement
-0.1
2
Di
Figure 2. Displacement at Top No
-0.2
4
1.50
-0.2
0
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 0kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 25kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 50kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 75kN
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009
136/185
AppendixA:Elasticinstabilityofcolumns
ChantalRudman UniversityofStellenbosch
NoPerturbatio
nLoad
0.2
5%P
erturbationLoad
0.5
0%P
erturbationLoad
0.7
5%P
erturbationLoad
ApplicationofPerturba
tionLoad
Description
Perturbation
Load
Application
Displacement
Mode of
Column
Other
Information
41028.2 0
0 0
0
41028.2
AxialForce
(kN)
Shea
rForce
(kN)
Bend
ingMoment
(kN.m)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
41008.2 1075.5
15282.8 0
29503.77
43700.9
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
40998.44 1223.5
16653.4 0
32243.8
44220.2
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMoment
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
40886.3 1291.2
16967.1 0
32924.0
44213.7
AxialForce
(kN)
ShearForce
(kN)
BendingMom
ent
(kN.m
)
Mid
Node
Top
Node
Column Section
Length
Support Conditions
533 x 210 x 122
6.0m
Pinned Pinned
Buckling
Buckling
Buckling
Buckling
LoadFactor
0.00
3.00
VerticalDisplacement
Di
Figure 1. Displacement at Mid N
0.2
0
0.4
0
1.00
0.0
0
2.00
4.00
LoadFactor
-0.4
0
-0.2
00.00
2.00
VerticalDisplacement
-0.6
0
Dis
Figure 2. Displacement at Top No
3.00
1.00
4.00
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 75kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 25kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 50kN
6.0m
P1=10 000kN
3.0m
P2 = 0kN
-
8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009