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Prepared byRomina ShresthaRoll No. :19M.N. first yearNursing Campus MaharajgunjEducational Science (Code No: MN7)2069-04-15
Comparison between Behaviourism and Cognitive Constructivism
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General Objective
At the end of this session, the learners will be able to state the differences between "Behaviorism" and "Cognitive Constructivism".
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism
S.No.
Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
1. Main Theme based on observable changes in behavior.
based on the premise that we all construct our own reality of the world through individual reflection.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No.
Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
2. Proponents John Watson , Ivan Pavlov, Edward L. Thorndike , B. F. Skinner etc
Jerome Bruner, John Dewey, Jean Piget etc.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
3. Key Principles for Teaching and Learning
i) Learning involves the strengtheningof stimulus and response
i) Learning is an active process
ii) Learning should be meaningful and based on the real world
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
4. Types of Instructions
One sided and teacher focused; very clear structure of learning and teaching accompanied with leadership and immediate straight-forward feedback.
Collaborative; Less emphasis is placed on direct teaching skills but more on learning in a meaningful learning.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No.
Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
5. Instructor's Role
To diagnose student-behaviour
To design instructions for students
To present effectively structured material
To provide a rich environment for the spontaneous exploration of the child.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
5. Instructor's Role con…..
To establish a sequence of reinforce-able steps or to remove reinforcement that is producing negative behaviour to move the student to the desired behaviour
To assess student's proper and complete understanding of structured material
To encourage students to become active constructors of their own knowledge through experiences that encourage assimilation and accommodation
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
6. View of Learner
Learners are basically passive receivers
Learners are blank spaces readyto be filled with knowledge.
Learners are active constructorsof knowledge
Learners bring their own needsand experiences to learningsituations.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
7. Instructional Activities
Reading, review, and analysis of provided text and materials.
Individual work is submitted directly to instructor for review.
Emphasis on discussion and collaboration among cohort of students.
Application of principles to case studies and projects.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
7. Instructional Activities
Cont…..
Structured assignments are directly linked to learning objectives.
Little or no cohort discussion
Open-ended assignments linked to changing learning objectives.
Assignments constructed to reflect "real world" conditions and requirements.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
8. Instructional Assessment
Individual tests and performances to demonstrate mastery of entities, activities, and processes.
Emphasis on a few summative products and performances.
Reporting on active, authentic experiences, activities, and projects is used to assess learning.
Emphasis on interaction, reflection and collaboration among a group of learners.
Assessment is integrated throughout the curriculum rather than in final products.
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…S.No.
Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
9. Instructional
Strengths
There is a clear goal and an automatic response; best for memorizing facts and figures
Children with special needs are better benefited
Real-life situations are better dealt with; best for solving real-day problems
Children with creative and critical thinking are better benefited
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Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont…
S.No Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism
10. Instructional
Limitation
Missing stimulus for a correct response means no learning
Divergent thinking encourages unconformity
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References:
Singh, I. (2006). Essentials of education. Kathmandu: Hisi Offset Printers Pvt Ltd.
Comparison between Constructivist/ Cognitive Approach & Behavioral/ Objectivist Approach. Retrieved on July 29, 2012 from http://educationaden,50webs.com/cognitive_constructivism.htm
Behavioral Learning Theory. Retrieved on July 29, 2012 from http://suedstudent.syr.edu/ebarrett/ide621/behavior.htm
Constructivism Learning Theory. Retrieved on July 29, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_theories
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Thank you…