![Page 1: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why
Ruben HovanesianJune 27, 2012
![Page 2: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Poll
Public Agencies? Private Agencies?
![Page 3: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Overview
Road Safety Assessments What How When Who Why Example
![Page 4: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
What is it?
![Page 5: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
What is an RSA?
Road Safety Assessment (RSA) Road Safety Audit…but who likes an
“audit”??
![Page 6: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
What is an RSA?
Qualitative safety assessment of a roadway The Why and the How Not just What, When, and Where
![Page 7: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
What is an RSA?
Identifies current and potential road safety issues
Identifies opportunities for improvements in safety for all road users
![Page 8: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Objective
Reduce crash risk from road elements
![Page 9: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Objective
What roadway elements may present a safety concern? To what extent To which road users Under what circumstances
![Page 10: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Objective
What opportunities exist to eliminate or mitigate identified safety concerns?
![Page 11: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
How to do an RSA?
![Page 12: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
How to do an RSA
1
• Start-up meeting & information exchange
2• Problem identification & site visit
3
• Risk analysis & countermeasure identification
4• Prepare RSA summary presentation
5• RSA summary presentation
6• Final report development
7• Response letter
![Page 13: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Start-up Meeting & Information Exchange
Introductions Chain of command
Expectations Knowledge exchange
Documents and previous studies
![Page 14: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Problem Identification & Site Visit
Desk study Identify possible trends Do not attempt to identify solutions
Team visit to site Time determined by crash statistics Drive (walk) the site
![Page 15: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Risk Analysis & Countermeasure Identification
Workshop setting Crash reports reviewed along with site
visit notes Hazard identification
Crash Risk
![Page 16: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Crash Risk
Crash Risk = f (E, P, C)
ExposureHow many road users
are exposed to the
specific risk being
assessed
ProbabilityThe
likelihood of a crash
occurring
ConsequenceThe
severity of a crash once it
happensFrequency Severity
![Page 17: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Frequency
• ≥4 crashes a yearFrequent
• 1 to 3 crashes a yearOccasion
al• <1 crash a year and >1
crash every 4 yearsInfrequen
t
• <1 crash every 4 yearsRare
![Page 18: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Severity
• K• Involve high
speeds or heavy vehicles, pedestrians, or bicycles
Severe
• A• Involve medium
to high speed, head-on, crossing, or off-road crashes
High
• B• Involve medium
to low speeds, left-turn and right-turn crashes
Medium
• C or PDO• Involve low to
medium speeds; rear-end or sideswipe crashes
Low
![Page 19: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
A Minimal D SignificantB Low E HighC Moderate F Extreme
Risk Assessment Scale
RISK CATEGORYExpected Severity
Low Medium High Severe
ExpectedCrash
Frequency
Frequent C D E FOccasional B C D EInfrequent A B C D
Rare A A B C
![Page 20: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Prepare RSA Summary Presentation
Crash statistics and analysis Site visit observations
![Page 21: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
RSA Summary Presentation
Presented to owner/designer No mandate to open to public Feedback
![Page 22: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Extra signage, not appropriate for the situation
Remove unnecessary chevron
Frequency Severity Risk Rating
Rare Low Minimal A$
![Page 23: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Final Report Development
Made without the influence of owner/designer Or politics
Submitted to owner/designer
![Page 24: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Response Letter
Response from owner/designer Notes reasons for situations
Budget Crew Community
![Page 25: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
When to do it?
![Page 26: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
When to do an RSA?
Pre-construction
To identify potential problems
During Construction
To perform work-zone assessments
Post-construction
To identify current crash hazards Weather Similar situation as the noteworthy crashes or
clusters
Time During the same times as the most significant crashes
![Page 27: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Proactive
Does not necessarily need “X” amount of crashes at “Y” severity
![Page 28: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Who does it?
![Page 29: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Who does the RSA?
3 to 5 person RSA team Interdisciplinary▪ Traffic operations▪ Geometric design▪ Enforcement▪ Road safety
Additional specialty skills are needed
![Page 30: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Who does the RSA?
Owner of roadwayDesign team
![Page 31: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Why do it?
![Page 32: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Why Perform an RSA?
Traditional Safety Review (SR) Road Safety Assessment (RSA)
Reactive only Proactive and reactive
In –house team familiar with project
Interdisciplinary and independent team of law enforcement, specialists, and engineers unfamiliar with the project
Standards compliance Interaction between roadway elements and users
Desk study only Site visit and observation required
![Page 33: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Proactive
Politically good Good Engineering practice Solves the problem, before it’s a
problem
![Page 34: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Interdisciplinary Team
Brings a range of experience and background
Lack of familiarity Provides impartial judgment Owner/designer complacency
![Page 35: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Interaction
How users act and respond Roadway elements and users
Not just compliance
![Page 36: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Example
Crash locations No obvious pattern Serious roll over and road departure
crashes Drinking not a problem
Site visit Poor maintenance of road sides and
signage Low visibility
Crash reports Proximity of drivers’ residence
![Page 37: Road Safety Assessments: Who, What, How, When, Where and Why](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070407/56814366550346895dafe0ec/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Thank you!