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Buddhist
EconomicsStudies
Lecturer:Ajahnhitao
RIGHT LIVELIHOOD IN
THERAVDA BUDDHISM ANDWESTERN ECONOM
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Ven! N"u#en Ho$n" %huc
&ID!''()*()(+,-Ven! N"u#en T.on" Vinh
&ID!''()*()(/0-
GROU% '
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INTRODUCTION
The fth path o the eightold isRight Livelihood. What does thisean! e"actl#! and ho$ do #ou%no$ i #our livelihood is a&right& one'
Right livelihood eans to avoidhar through #our $or% in the$orld. The on%s in the(uddha)s tie addressed thisissue *# ta%ing vo$s o povert#.+on%s then and no$ renounceaterial possessions! e"cept ora ro*e! a *egging *o$l! and e$other ites.
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Right livelihood as%s #ou to loo% at #our choices or$or% and decide i $hat #ou are doing to put oodon the ta*le is causing har to an#one or an#thing
else.,ven orethan notdoing har!right
livelihoodgoes a stepurther andencourages
#ou to do$or% that arehelpul toothers. -t
reuests that#ou live an
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&And $hat is right
livelihood' There is thecase $here a disciple othe no*le ones! havinga*andoned dishonest
livelihood! %eeps his liegoing $ith rightlivelihood: This is calledright livelihood.&
S.45.8 (Vibhagasutta)
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To practice Right Livelihood3sa4j5va6! #ou have tofnd a $a# to earn #our living
$ithout transgressing #ourideals o love andcopassion. The $a# #ousupport #oursel can *e an
e"pression o #our deepestsel! or it can *e a source osu2ering or #ou and others...0ur vocation can nourish ourunderstanding and
copassion! or erode the.We should *e a$a%e to theconseuences! ar and near!o the $a# $e earn our living.
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THERE ARE 2OUR3INDS O2 RIGHT
LIVELIHOOD&SAMM456VA-7
7. Duccaritamicchjva virati:-n the case o lait#!reraining ro$rong livelihood
*# eans oioral ph#sicaland ver*al actions.
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. Kuhandi
micchjvavirati: -n thecase o on%sand recluses!reraining rotric%er# anddeception *#
eans o$or%ing$onders.
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;. Tiracchna vijj micchjva virati: -n the
case o on%s and recluses! reraining ro$rong livelihood! e.g. *# eans o peroring*ase arts! such as reading signs and oens!$hich are against the rules and practices o the
0rder.
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RIGHT LIVELIHOOD 2ORBHI33HUS ON
%RISUDDHIS6LA
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i. Restraint in accordance$ith the onastic
disciplinar# code3p=io%%hasa>varas5la6!
ii. Restraint o the senses3indri#asa>varas5la6!
iii.
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The ollo$ing are the si" precepts that Lord (uddhalaid do$n regarding occupation:
7. A on% $ith $rong desire controlled *# greed $hoalsel# clais a superior huan state that he doesnBthave coits a
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The coentar# e"plains thatthe ter Right Livelihood
eans Right Honduct 3cra6$hich Lord (uddha praises inaction and speech regarding
the reuisites! such as ood!clothing! shelter and edicine.Ij5vaprisuddhis5la is
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T$ent#4one %inds o $rong livelihood oronastics 3(hi%%hus and (hi%%hun5s6:
7. +edical practice3vejja%aa> %aroti6
8. Acting as a essenger3dKta%aa> %aroti6
. oing things at the *ehest o
la#en 3pahia%aa>%aroti6
;. Lancing *oils 3gaa> phleti6
G. Miving oil or edicalapplication 3arua%%haa>
deti6@. Miving eetics 3uddha>
virecana> deti6
N. Miving purgatives 3adhovirecana> deti6
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O. pacati6
P. pacati6
7Q. deti677. deti6
78. deti6
7. deti6
7;. deti67G. deti6
7@. deti6
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7N. deti6
7O. Ssing 9attering speech 3c=u%a%aa> %aroti6
7P. Acting li%e hal4coo%ed *ean soup! i.e.! spea%ing
hal4truths3uggasKpi#a> %aroti6
8Q. /ondling children 3pri*ha=u> %aroti6
87. Running errands 3jaDghapesani#a> %aroti6.
3+A.iii.@6
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gLivelihood orLa# /ollo$ersThe (uddha entions fve specifc
%inds o livelihood $hich *ringhar to others and are thereoreto *e avoided: dealing in $eapons!in living *eings 3including raising
anials or slaughter as $ell asslave trade and prostitution6! ineat production and *utcher#! inpoisons! and in into"icants.
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&A la# ollo$er should notengage in fve t#pes o*usiness. Which fve'(usiness in $eapons
3satthavaijj6! *usiness inhuan *eings3sattavaijj6! *usiness ineat 3a>savaijj6!*usiness in into"icants3ajjavaijj6! and *usinessin poison 3visavaijj6.&
3A.G.7NN 4?aijjsutta6
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4 (usiness in $eapons: trading in all %inds o$eapons and instruents or %illing.
4 (usiness in huan *eings: slave trading!prostitution! or the *u#ing and selling ochildren or adults.
4 (usiness in eat: &eat& reers to the
*odies o *eings ater the# are %illed. Thisincludes *reeding anials or slaughter.
4 (usiness in into"icants: anuacturing orselling into"icating drin%s or addictive drugs.
4 (usiness in poison: producing or trading inan# %ind o poison or a to"ic productdesigned to %ill.
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e urther naes severaldishonest eans o gaining$ealth $hich all under$rong livelihood: practicingdeceit! treacher#!soothsa#ing! tric%er#! and
usur#. 0*viousl# an#occupation that reuiresviolation o right speech andright action is a $rong oro livelihood! *ut otheroccupations! such as selling$eapons or into"icants! a#
not violate those actors and
A BALANCED
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A BALANCEDLIVELIHOOD
The (uddhaBs thought o the certaineconoic and ethical ideas or the la#persons that $ill reain al$a#s relevant tolead a successul ail# and social lie. Therelevanc# o those ideas is aplifed in thepresent situation as the su*jects oteptation have gro$n enorousl# *eore us
$ith the econoic glo*aliUation. /or the(uddha! the eaning o the happiness isdi2erent ro $hat is *eing projected toda#*# the ar%et runners. e sa#s that there
are our conditions conduce to aB
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4 The accoplishent opersistent e2ort3u==hnasapad6!
4 The accoplishent o$atchulness 3ra%%hasapad6!
4 Mood riendship3%al#aittat6
4 And *alanced livelihood3saaj5vit6.
3A.O.G; 4 ?#gghapajjasutta6
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The frst happiness is to enjo# econoicsecurit# or suVcient $ealth acuired *# justand righteous eans 3atthisu%ha61
The second is spending that $ealth li*erall#on hisel! his ail#! his riends andrelatives! and on eritorious deeds3*hogasu%ha61
The third to *e ree ro de*ts3aaasu%ha61The ourth happiness is to love a aultless!and a pure lie $ithout coitting evil in
thought! $ord or deed 3anavajjasu%ha6.A.;.@8 4 Ina asutta
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Honsidering these principles! $eshould re9ect careull# $hat $eactuall# need in our lie rather than
$hat ar%et $ants us to *elieve as
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CONCLUSI
ONAccording to (uddhis! Right Livelihood isa*andoning $rong $a#s o living $hich *ringhar and su2ering to others. Right
Livelihood eans not to live on $or% that$ould in an# $a# *ring har to living *eings.
The (uddha said: "Do not earn your living byharming others. Do not seek happiness bymaking others unhappy". And the Westernconcept o right livelihood is a jo* priaril#or the one# rather than the social good.
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