.
Guided By
Prof. Umang Soni
E & C Dept.PIET Limda
Prepared By
Yatin Rana (130370704518)
Motivation
Introduction
Application
Routing Protocols
Literature Survey
Problem Definition
Proposed Work
Simulation
Work Plan
Reference
Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes
forming a temporary network at any time at any place without the
support of any established infrastructure.
There are many potential applications of MANET like disaster
rescue, wireless conference, military applications, etc
MANET is break and make king of network, so no of challenges
network availability, link quality, bandwidth optimization, node
mobility, etc
These key issues for MANET attract the researchers towards the
field of wireless network.
Mobile Ad- Hoc Network (MANET):-
Mobile station can form a network without AP
◦ Rapidly deployable, self configuring.
◦ No need for existing infrastructure.
◦ Nodes are mobile, topology can be very dynamic.
◦ Nodes must be able to relay traffic.
Opportunistic forwarding...
◦ One kind of data forwarding technique targets infrastructure
less environment, where mobile nodes are highly dynamic and
topology is unpredictable.
Key issue…
◦ High Resource consumption and Network Congestion.
◦ Difficult to analyze and controlling its performance.
Fig: illustration of the benefits of opportunistic Routing
•All path in fig face 50% loss. So in
traditional approach reliability is 50%
•With OR, source broadcasts packets
Any node that hear packet can forward
Information
•Probability that none of them hear the
Packet is 0.5*0.5*0.5*0.5 = 0.06, so
94% reliability
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Node D
Node C
Node B
Node E Node A
Scenario of route table update (A =>D)
Interface node connection
B D Direct
B A Direct
B C Via A
B E Via D
Interface node connection
C A Direct
C E Direct
C D Via E
C B Via A
Interface node connection
A B Direct
C C Direct
C E Via C
C D Via B
This concept can be applied to
Military scenarios
Sensor networks
Rescue operations
Students on campus
Free Internet connection sharing
Conferences
VANET
Routing protocols are categorized mainly in three types
Types of Protocol
Behavior In Network Example
Proactive /
Table driven
Whenever the node active, makes entry of active route
in table. And update table after some stipulated time
DSDV
Reactive /
On Demand
Transmitter will send a route request packet whenever it
needed. Traffic overhead will be less in such kind of
scenario
AODV, DSR
Hybrid In this, Protocol will use strength of both type of
protocol, divide area into zone and use both scenario for
update
ZRP
Changing network topology frequently.
Potentially network partitioning and node mobility.
Limited Power capability.
Presence of varying link quality.
Limited wireless bandwidth.
Limited Security
Title
“An Overview Of Opportunistic Routing In Mobile Ad-
Hoc Network”
Author and Publication Zensheng Zhang; Rajesh Krishnan; IEEE Military
Communications Conference 2013
Conclusion
In this paper, author have discussed open research topics,
routing key issues and area of improvisation like potential
duplicate forwarding, link quality, cross-layer optimization,
throughput , end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, etc…
Title
“Efficient Algorithms for Neighbor Discovery in
Wireless Networks”[]
Author and Publication
Sudarshan Vasudevan, Micah Adler, Dennis Goeckel,
Fellow, IEEE, and Don Towsley, Fellow, IEEE; Networking,IEEE/ACM Transaction on (Volume :-21) Feb 2013
Conclusion
In this paper, Author has discussed neighbor finding
algorithms like collision detection based algorithm,
Asynchronous collision detection based neighbor discovery
algorithm to optimize timing to identify neighbor.
Title “Corridor-based Routing using Opportunistic
Forwarding in OFDMA Multi-hop Networks”
Author and Publication Alexander Kuehne and Anja Klein, Adrian Loch and
Matthias Hollick; IEEE International Symposium on
Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,
September 2012,
Conclusion In this paper, Author have presented concept of corridor
based routing using opportunistic forwarding in multihop
network. Data is allowed to be split and joined within
forwarding node corridor to exploit diversity and improve
the throughput for specially
Title “Fuzzy Routing in Ad-hoc Network”
Author and PublicationGasim Alandjani and Eric E Johnson; New Maxico State
University; IEEE Conference 2003
Conclusion
The Fuzzy Logic Routing Protocol is used to identify as
many disjoint paths between source to destination as
possible. How to use this paths has been decided according
to traffic importance and network status. This protocol
provide higher reliability and lower delay. Also offer better
performance for all traffic.
• MANET is a decentralized and infrastructure less network where
nodes are mobile and frequently changes their topology. From the
literature survey it has been observed that existing routing protocols
have maximum overhead during neighbor finding also an issue of
link availability while data transmission due to break and make kind
of behavior.
• Parameter needs to be observed are:
• Throughput
• Link availability Time
• Overhead on link
The proposed work is based on AODV (Ad-hoc On Demand
Distance Vector Routing Protocol) routing protocol to optimize link
availability.
The fuzzy routing mechanism is built upon AODV routing protocol
Rules of proposed neighbor discovery
• Do not require to have priory knowledge of number of neighbors.
• Do not require synchronization among nodes.
• Allow nodes to begin execution at different time instant.
• Enable each node to detect when to terminate the neighbor
discovery process.
Fuzzy Based Routing[4]
There is a link break and make type behavior between source to
destination as nodes travel in infrastructure less environment. so less
stable connectivity.
To increase the network availability in MANET, we will try to
implement fuzzy routing mechanism upon AODV routing protocol.
Steps of Fuzzy Technique
◦ Detect link break
◦ Send RERR to upstream direction
◦ As source receive this packet, it removes all entry of broken link
◦ Source will fetch new path from routing table as there exist
multiple path to reach destination
Neighbor discovery Algorithm(Order
Optimal Algorithm)
Reactive(AODV)
Routing Protocol
Fuzzy logic link stability and
availability
Measure Link stability, End to end
delay Link availability time
parameter values
Simulator Network simulator 2.35
Platform Ubuntu 12.04
No of Node 20
Traffic Model CBR
Packet Size 512 byte
Mobility Model Random Way Point
Max Speed 20 m/s
Queue Length 50
Antenna Type Omni Directional
Simulation Time 100 Sec
MANET Network with 20 nodes
Description status
Literature survey Completed
Understanding of AODV optimization technique Completed
NS2 software study and installation and MANET generation Completed
Standard AODV parameter observation In Progress
Analyze AODV with Fuzzy routing Mechanism Remaining
Observation of parameter optimization with different scenario Remaining
Modification and Comparative Analysis Remaining
Thesis writing Remaining
1. Zhensheng Zhang , Rajesh Krishnan Fellow IEEE “An Overview Of
Opportunistic Routing In Mobile Ad- Hoc Network”. 2013 IEEE
Military Communications Conference.
2. Sudarshan Vasudevan, Micah Adler, Dennis Goeckel, Fellow IEEE
“Efficient Algorithms For Neighbor Discovery In Wireless Network”.
2013 IEEE ACM Conference
3. Alexander Kuehne and Anja Klein, Adrian Loch and Matthias Hollick,
“Corridor-based Routing using Opportunistic Forwarding in OFDMA
Multi-hop Networks” 2012 Sept IEEE International Symposium on
Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
4. Gasim Alandjani And Eric E. Johnson Klipsch school of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University “ Fuzzy Routing
In Ad-hoc Network” 2003 IEEE journals
Thank you