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REVIEW ASSIGNMENT #2Putting the Constitution into Effect
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George Washington
The first President of the United States was George Washington
Washington established the Cabinet – a group of advisors to the President
Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson
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Financial Plan Alexander Hamilton’s
financial plan included a National Bank, a protective tariff and an excise (sales) tax on whiskey.
Hamilton’s plan caused controversy.
The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new government intended to enforce national laws.
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After serving two terms of office, Washington did NOT run for a third term as President;
A tradition that was not broken until Franklin Roosevelt - 1940
This led to the passage of the 22nd Amendment which limits the president to two terms
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Washington’s Farewell Address Washington
warned of two things:
A. no foreign alliances
B. No political parties
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During Washington’s Presidency, the first national debate began between the “strict and “loose” constructionists. How did each group view the Constitution? Give a modern day example of each view.
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Strict Constructionist Strict
Constructionist Government can
only do those things that are specifically stated in the Constitution
2nd Amendment Right to bear arms
means allowing people to own guns
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Loose Constructionist
Favor looking at the Constitution broadly and allowing it to meet changing times
Modern Example- Patriot Act Social Security
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Political Parties Political Parties developed through
custom and tradition The first two parties were the Federalists
led by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson
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Three Main Ideas of each political party: Federalists 1. strong national
government 2. favored national
bank 3. wealthy and
well-educated men should lead
Dem-Republicans 1. strong state
government 2. opposed the
national bank 3. Common man
should lead
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Louisiana Purchase President Jefferson
overcame his strict constructionist views in order to purchase Louisiana which doubled the size of the United States.
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Judicial Interpretation Court Case Marbury v.
Madison McCulloch v.
Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden
Decision Established judicial
review Strengthened national
supremacy and the use of the elastic clause
Expanded the power of the national government in commerce
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War of 1812 War of 1812 demonstrated that the
United States was becoming a more powerful nation.
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Monroe Doctrine In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was
introduced, which became the foundation of the United States’ foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine called for:
An end to European colonization in the Western Hemisphere
NO intervention by Europe in existing nations in the Western Hemisphere