Download - Resource Management Report
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Resource Management Report
APNIC CEOs’ Meeting
30 Aug 2004
APNIC 18, Nadi, Fiji
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Overview
• Challenges of IP address management• Regional resource statistics• Trends and analysis• APNIC member services
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IP allocation pre-1992
RFC 10201987
RFC 12611991
“The assignment of numbers is also handled by Jon. If you are developing a protocol or application that will require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, or network number please contact Jon to receive a number assignment.”
RFC 7901981
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Central Registry37.2%
IANA Reserved39.5%
APNIC 4%ARIN 7%
LACNIC 1%
RIPE NCC 5%
Private Use 0%
Public Data 0%
Multicast 6%
Early address management
• Early 1990’s: Internet scaling problems– Address depletion
• Classful architecture (class A, B, C)– Routing table overload
• Internet widely projected to fail– Growth would stop by mid-’90s– Urgent measures required
• 1993: “CIDR” – Addressed both technical problems:– Address depletion
• More accurate assignment– Routing table overload
• Address space aggregation0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Jul-88 Jan-89 Jul-89 Jan-90 Jul-90 Jan-91 Jul-91 Jan-92 Jul-92
RFC1519
RFC1518
RFC1517
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Address management today
“Emerging”RIR
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Address management objectives
Conservation• Efficient use of resources
• Based on demonstrated need
Aggregation• Limit routing table growth
• Support provider-based routing
Registration• Ensure uniqueness
• Facilitate trouble shooting
Uniqueness, fairness and consistency
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Address management challenges today
• Technology changes– New services: GPRS, VoIP and wireless
devices– Increasing demand for IP addresses
• IPv4 address pool getting smaller
• Scalability– Routing table growth as number of networks
increase• Aggregation still important
• Security– Registration becoming more important
• Spam and abuse emails increasing • Hijacking of Internet resources• Privacy laws
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Policy changes in response
• Improving fairness– Minimum allocation reduced /19 to /20 in 2000
and /20 to /21 in 2004
• New policies and terminologies– “Portable” and “non portable”
• Requiring end user to renumber
– “Assignment” and “allocation”• Catering for different types of organisation
– IXP, critical infrastructure, IPv6
• Registration changes– Database privacy
• Assignment objects hidden by default: public by choice
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Challenges facing LIR
• Keeping knowledge to date is vital– APNIC policies can affect LIR business– All LIRs required to follow policies
• Education and training important– Attend APNIC training
• Send appropriate staff
– Attend APNIC meeting/follow webcasts• Apply for fellowship, where applicable
– Subscribe to relevant mailing lists• http://www.apnic.net/community/lists/
– Keep in contact with APNIC • Phone and email available
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Benefits to LIRs
• Quicker to obtain resources– Understand and apply policies
• Participate in policy development– Provide feedback– New policies affect your business ($$)
• Provide better services for customers– Knowledgeable staff– Resources well managed– Follow ‘best current practices’ in Internet
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‘Best Current Practices’
Frequently Asked Questionsabout Policies
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FAQ : customer assignments
• Should I distribute IP addresses to my downstream ISPs and customers?– By assigning your customers IP addresses…
• You are building long-term relationships• You are providing a more complete solution• You are reducing the risk of losing your customers• You are being a good Internet citizen
– IP address distribution is part of your responsibility as an LIR
– This is considered best current practice across the world
– Can always obtain more IP addresses from APNIC
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FAQ: Network Addresses Translation (NAT)
• Should NAT be used to conserve IP addresses?
– APNIC does NOT require any one to use NAT • NAT implementation is entirely up to user
• Can private network using NAT be used as justification to apply for public address?
– Yes! APNIC will approve the equivalent amount of global address space
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The NAT “Problem”
10.0.0.1 ..2 ..3 ..4
*AKA home router, ICS, firewall
NAT*
61.100.32.128
R
61.100.32.0/25
61.100.32.1 ..2 ..3 ..4
ISP 61.100.0.0/16
The Internet
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FAQ: unused internet resources
• Can I sell/buy IP addresses or AS numbers? – No, this goes against the goals of responsible
management• Internet resource is a public resource
– Unused resource should return to RIR for future distribution
• APNIC recovery of unused internet resource– Currently recovering closed members address space– Will recover historical unused address space in
December• http://www.apnic.net/docs/policy/proposals/prop-017-v001.html
– Can transfer historical resource to apnic member• http://www.apnic.net/docs/policy/historical-transfer-policy.html
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FAQ: others
• Routing and aggregation
• Static addressing
• Cable/DSL addressing
• IPv6
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Total APNIC IPv4 allocations (/8s) by year
1.25
1.72 1.781.98
1.48
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Up to July 2004
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Total APNIC IPv4 allocations by sub-region
East90%
South-Central2%
Oceania4%
Others < 1%
South-East4%
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APNIC IPv4 allocations by economy
NZ1%
SG1%
TH1%
TW6%
ID1%
KR17%
CN30%
JP33%
Other8%
Other2%
AU3%
HK3%
IN1%
MY1%
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APNIC IPv6 allocations by year
7
15
26
45
37 37
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Up to July 2004
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APNIC IPv6 allocations by economy
JP70
KR30
PH2
ID5
NZ1 VN
1
SG5
HK3
IN4
MY5
PG1
TH5
AU7
CN12
TW16
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AS number assignments by year
565500
584
403
137
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Up to July 2004
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APNIC AS number assignments by economies
KR20%
JP19%
HK7%
TH3%
IN3%
PH3%
MY1%
Other15%
AU18%
Other3%
ID4%
SG3%
CN5%
TW5%
NZ4%
AP1%
PK1%
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Recovered IPv4 address space (/24)
2195
837
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2003 2004
Year
nu
mb
er o
f /2
4
Up to July 2004
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How long will IPv4 last?
• Few attempts in the past to predict future trends and consumption rates– All arrived at different conclusions
• Many factors influence utilisation– Economic wealth– Technological developments– Government regulation– Approved policies of RIR communities
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How long will IPv4 last?
apnic13
arin22
lacnic2
unused77
various50
assigned40
ripencc16
ietf36
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How long will IPv4 last?
1999 2000 2001 20022003 2004
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
apnic
arin
lacnic
ripencc
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How long will IPv4 last?
• Analysis by Geoff Huston– Projections based on current and past utilisation
rates• IETF definition of IPv4, IANA, RIR and BGP
announcement
– Exponential growth model• Address space projected to last until 2018• or 2022 if all unannounced space recovered
– Linear growth model• Address space projected to last until 2023 (or 2042)
http://bgp.potaroo.net/ipv4
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What about IPv6?
• RIRs support the deployment of IPv6 – Transition will take time
• Necessary to start now• IPv4 was slow to start, but grew
exponentially over the last 10 years
– Don’t get left behind!• Be future ready!
• Responsible management essential to keep the Internet running
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Can my organization qualify for IPv6?
• Summary of current criteria– Have a plan for making 200 /48 to organisations
within two years– Can use existing IPv4 network as justification
• Example: an ISP with IPv4 network– Customers requirement
• 120 dial up ports• 20 leased line customers• 50 ADSL customers
– Infrastructure• 3 POPs
– Qualify for /32 allocation
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APNIC services - Internet resources
• Hostmaster response time – 1 working day for all request types
• Average time required to obtain resources– Initial IP request: 2-3 weeks
• Including membership process– Additional IP request: 1-2 weeks
• Process quicker if member uses “MyAPNIC” • Large requests can take longer
– IPv6 request: within 1 week• Large requests can take longer
– Others: IXP, small multi-homing, critical infrastructure within 1 week
– Autonomous System Number:1-2 days
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APNIC services – Internet resources
• Helpdesk– Operating hours: 9:00-19:00 AEST
• Phone: +61-7-3858-3188• Fax: +61-7-3858-3199• Email: [email protected]
– Additional language spoken: Chinese (cantonese & mandarind), Tagalog, Hindi and Vietnamese
– Starting IP phone service in 2005
• Problems that need face to face discussion– Meet hostmasters at training sessions– Meet hostmasters at meetings
• Register hostmaster consultation (HMC) session– http://www.apnic.net/meetings/18/programme/hmc.html
• Meet hostmaster at helpdesk
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APNIC membership services
• “MyAPNIC”– Web interface software– Allows secure access to member information– Easy to update ‘whois’ Database– Easy to manage assignment information – Easy to manage reverse DNS– Easier to manage address space– Speed up requests for resources
• Need more information?– See demo at the helpdesk during meeting or
check the online demo– http://www.apnic.net/myapnic-demo/flash/
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Summary
• Challenges continue– Keeping knowledge up to date is vital
• APNIC is here to help your organisation– Please make use of the services
available!
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Vinaka vaka levu
• Questions?