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ResinsResins
Presented by Presented by Barbara FreundBarbara Freund
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Resins - importance
Swollen cross-linked polymers (resins)represent
the solvents for solid-phase organic reactions
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Resins - properties
Swelling:- Most important property
(necessary for diffusion and accessibility of active sites)
- type of solvent depends on the sort of resin
- higher swelling => higher loading
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Resins - properties
Size of the resin beads ( 80-200µm)
Mesh size (70-170)(number of openings in a square inch)
Mechanical and thermal stability
Price
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Resins –different types
Cross-linked-polystyrene-resins
Polyamine-resins
Tentagel-resins
Soluble resins
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Cross-linked-polystyrene resins
Most commonly used due to high availability, low cost and chemical stability
Ph Ph Ph n
styrene polystyrene
Ph Ph
PhPh
cross-linked polystyrenedivinylbenzene
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Cross-linked-polystyrene resins
Ph Ph Ph Ph
PhPh
Cl
Cl
Cl=
Merrifield resinpolymer beads 0.04-0.15 mmco-polymer of styrene-divinyl benzene with 1-2% cross-links
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Cross-linked-polystyrene resins
Method to functionalize the resin
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Cross-linked-polystyrene resins
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Price
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Solvent Compatibility
- Polystyrene resins swell in solvents of low to medium polarity (DMF, DCM, toluene)
- don’t swell in polar, protic solvents (alcohol and water)
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Disadvantages of polystyrene-resins
Only temperatures under 130°C
No usage of very electrophilic reagents
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Disadvantages for the synthesis of peptides:
Not rigid enough => interactions between the reaction centers
Resin hydrophobic, peptide hydrophilic => peptid-peptidchain-interactions
solvents that can be used are unfit for peptides
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Polyamine-resins
- polyacrylamide polymers (most common) (Sheppard)
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Polyamine-resins
- Used for peptide synthesismimic more closely the properties of the peptide chains
- Better swelling in polar, aprotic solvents (e.g. DMF, or N-methyl pyrrolidinone)
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Tentagel-resins
polyethylene glycol (PEG) (up to 70%) attached to cross-linked polystyrene through an ether link
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Price
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Advantages of Tentagel-resins
Swells in both protic and aproticsolvents
attached reacting groups project into solution rather than being anchored close to the polymer backbone=> Conditions similar to solution phase chemistry
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Disadvantages of Tentagel-resins
Relatively low functional group loading compared with PS-resins (0,25 mmol/g compared to 0,5-1,2 mmol/g)
potential of PEG chains to complex Lewis acids
potential instability of PEG
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Disadvantages of Tentagel-resins
presence of linear PEG impurities found after cleavage from the resin in the small molecule products
tendency for resins to become sticky and difficult to handle as the synthesis progress
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Combinatorial synthesis in liquid phases
Resin: MeO-PEGpolyethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Soluble in most solvents=> Advantages:
- homogeneous conditions- usage of catalysts
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Combinatorial synthesis in liquid phases
Crystallizes easily in diethyl ether => further handling like solid phase
resins
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Extract
There are 4 different main types of resins with specific variations available.
One needs to choose the resin carefully depending on the reaction conditions.
The resin equals the solvent in combinatorial chemistry.
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Bibliography
Vaino, A.R. and Janda, K.D. (2000). Solid-Phase organic Synthesis: A Critical Understanding of the resin. Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry, 2,579-596the script of professor Könighttp://www.merckbiosiences.co.ukhttp://www.combichemistry.comhttp://www.uni-wuppertal.dehttp://www.rapp-polymere.comTerret, N.K., Kombinatorische Chemie
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Thank you for your attention!