Download - Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress
![Page 1: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage
John Gast, American Progress
![Page 2: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Economic Development, 1860-1890
![Page 3: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Promontory Point, Utah, May 10, 1869
![Page 4: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Southern Railroads in 1859
![Page 5: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Southern Railroads in 1899
![Page 6: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Transcontinental Railroad• May 10th, 1869• Union Pacific & Central Pacific• Pacific Railroad Act, 1862• Irish, Chinese, Mexican, Native,
Eastern European workers
![Page 7: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Benefits• National & Cultural Exchange• 1872 = 57,300 miles• 1882 = 114,400 miles• 1900 = 200,000 miles• Western recruitment
![Page 9: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rabbit Drive, San Joaquin Valley, CA 1890s
![Page 10: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Detroit, 1880
![Page 11: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fate of the Buffalo
• 1872 – 1874 = 4 million buffalo killed
• Mid-1880s = 5,000 buffalo survived
• Reservations
Kansas Pacific Railroad Advertisement, 1870
![Page 12: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“Indian Crania” Studies
• Early to mid-1800s
• 1850s = American Phrenological Journal had 50,000 subscribers
• What could they reveal?
![Page 14: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Reservation Policy
• Indian Removal Act, 1830• 370 treaties• 1850s = 8 reservations• Today = 286 reservations• 511 federally-recognized tribes• 950,000 Natives + 370,000 non-Natives on
reservations
![Page 15: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Legal Background• Dawes Act of 1887• Bureau of Indian Affairs• 1934 = Indian Re-
organization Act• “Quasi-sovereign
domestic nations”
![Page 17: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Boarding Schools
Carlisle Indian School, Pennsylvania, 1885
![Page 18: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Why Boarding Schools?
• 19th century “Civilization”
• Global connections• The Indian Wars • Children as “hostages
for good behavior of their parents”
![Page 19: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of Schools
• Off-reservation boarding schools vs. on-reservation days schools
• Christian missionaries, Office of Indian Affairs & federal government
• 1870 = Turning point in funding
![Page 20: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1832 51 schools 1,865 students
1836 52 schools 1,381 students
1842 52 schools 2,873 students
1861 147 schools ?
1871 286 schools 6,061 students
1876 344 schools 11, 328 students
1879 356 schools 13,343 students
![Page 21: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Characteristics• Differences in punishment• 5 – 18 years old & 3-year school term• Children “taught to despise every custom of their
forefathers, including religion, language, songs, dress, ideas, and method of living”
![Page 22: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lessons• Haircuts• Trouser & dresses• Soap, water, combs• English names• Sitting in chairs• Forks & spoons• Prayers• Flag raising• Household & farm chores• Tailoring• Shoemaking• Carpentry• Baking• Washing clothes • Making broomsticks
![Page 23: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Students at Albuquerque Indian School
Laundry Classes at Carlisle Indian School, Pennsylvania
![Page 24: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Albuquerque Indian School
![Page 25: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Recent Activism
• Over 200 museums• 1978 = Native American Religious Freedom
Act • 1990 = Native American Graves Protection &
Repatriation Act
![Page 26: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Rocky Mountain School of Painting
Albert Bierstadt, Merced River – Yosemite, 1866
![Page 27: Reservations, Boarding Schools, Railroads, and Environmental Damage John Gast, American Progress](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012914/5a4d1b2b7f8b9ab05999900e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Creation of National Parks• The Yosemite Act, 1864• Yellowstone, 1872