Research ArticleBiodiversity and Indigenous Uses of Medicinal Plant inthe Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary Chandauli DistrictUttar Pradesh
Maurya Santosh Kumar1 Seth Ankit1 Dev Nath Singh Gautam1 and Singh Anil Kumar2
1Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory Banaras Hindu University Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Barkachha Mirzapur 2310012 India2Department of Dravyaguna Faculty of Ayurveda Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
Correspondence should be addressed to Maurya Santosh Kumar dravyapharmagmailcom
Received 4 September 2014 Revised 14 February 2015 Accepted 14 February 2015
Academic Editor Rafael Riosmena-Rodrıguez
Copyright copy 2015 Maurya Santosh Kumar et alThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properlycited
Conventional medicines are very important part of Indian culture In this study the outcome of two-year study of ethnomedicinaluses of plants in Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary (CPWLS) and nearby area is reported Information related to different plantswhich are used by local community in the treatment of many common diseases and well-being in the area was collected Dataon the use of medicinal plants were collected using structured interview of about 122 participants and thorough observations andconversations with local communities Approximately 100 plants belonging to 43 families used by the local healers were reportedin this study The plant species with the highest fidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsonia inermis Gymnemasylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistula Linn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia diffusa Linn Albizia lebbeck BenthAegle marmelos Correa Sphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm f The most frequent ailments reported werehepatitis jaundice constipation and skin and urinary problemsThe parts of the plants most frequently used were fruit roots andwhole plants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)This study presents new research efforts and perspectives on the searchfor new drugs based on local uses of medicinal plants
1 Introduction
Plants are always considered as a primary source of drugsin traditional and alternative system of medicine in variousforms such as crude form juice decoction and crudeextracts About 80 people of the world particularly in therural areas of developing countries continue using traditionalresources in healthcare [1] Indian subcontinent is renownedfor its cultural and plant biodiversity where large numbersof people are still living in tribes These tribal people possessa pool of undisclosed ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-logical information regarding the flora of their surroundingswhich may prove to be very helpful in rural communitywith its advantage Natural wealth as well as the undisclosedethnopharmacological information and the tribal cultureshave been decreased remarkably at a disturbing rate due tochange in life style unintentional developmental programsand mounting recent civilization Negligence by the youth
also influences the traditional knowledge [2 3] Thereforeit is necessary to discover and document this exceptionaloriginal and conventional information of the ethnic popula-tion before it disappears with the knowledgeable persons Itis also for the establishment of these conventional principlesat the national and international level realizing the recentglobal trends [4]There is inadequate data on ethnomedicinaluses of plant in eastern Uttar Pradesh [1 5ndash8] as comparedto northern and western Uttar Pradesh [9ndash14] Furtherethnobotanical survey centered on Purvanchal region ofeastern Uttar Pradesh is enormously deficient [15ndash18] Someof the reported surveys are available for potential effective-ness of the traditional healthcare practices alive in nativeand local communities nearby wildlife sanctuaries [19ndash24]Chandra PrabhaWildlife Sanctuary previously has rich forestwealth and traditional knowledge but after disappearance ofAsiatic Lion people from nearby utilized the forest for theirlivelihood as well as medicinal requirements These people
Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of BiodiversityVolume 2015 Article ID 394307 11 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552015394307
2 International Journal of Biodiversity
Chandauli districtUttar Pradesh
Figure 1 Area of study
explore the medicinal prosperity of the area Therefore thepresent study was proposed to document the ethnomedicinalinformation of Chandra PrabhaWildlife Sanctuary (CPWLS)and nearby area
2 Aim and Objectives
The primary aim of this research work was to assess therichness of ethnomedicinal plant species used by the localtribes in forest areas and to provide an initial picture of theethnomedicinal plants in the CPWLS which was not studiedbefore from this viewpoint So the present study was plannedkeeping in view the following goals
(1) assessing the diversity distribution and utilizationpatterns of medicinal plants
(2) identification and documentation of plant speciesused for the treatment and prevention of variousdiseases and ailments in the study area
3 Study Area
The Chandauli district contributes to the Indian GDP byproviding a range of cereals including paddy and wheat It ispopularly known as the ldquoDhaan Ka Katora of Uttar Pradeshrdquobecause of tremendous productive lands of the GangeticPlain The Sanctuary is situated in Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh between Chakia andNaugarh having rich vegetation spread over an area of 78square kilometers and lying between the latitude 24∘5410158404310158401015840Nand longitude 83∘1010158404110158401015840E about 70Km from the famouscity of Varanasi (Figure 1) The place has been gifted withattractive picnic spots intense forest and beautiful waterfalls
like Rajdari and Devdari and a dam nearby area knownas Chandra Prabha Dam The Sanctuary was recognized in1957 and spread in more than 9600 hect The center areaof the place covers over 2686 hect It was famous for theAsiatic Lion during 1957ndash1970 It provides a natural and idealhabitat for grasslands many caves in Vindhya region andwaterfalls for a crowd of animals and plants There is anenormous possibility for tourism development in the Sanctu-ary where people can take pleasure in natural attractivenessand biodiversity There is broad range of lovely colorful birdsand creeping animals (poisonous and nonpoisonous) in thesanctuary Rajdari and Devdari are two main waterfalls inthis area which is enclosed by the forest area The height ofRajdari is more than 65 meters which is a stepped waterfalland a major spot of attraction for the tourists Devdari isabout 500m downwards the watercourse underneath Rajdariwaterfall The temperature in the region varies from 38∘C(summer) to 14∘C (winter) Rainy season lasts from mid ofJune to SeptemberThe forest had been the main resource fornatives but their dependence on forest resources continuedto decrease gradually due to deforestation The Sanctuary istypically dry deciduous forest and also has a huge diversity ofnatural shrubbery
During the course of exploration of ethnomedicinalplants the information has been gathered from the healersinhabiting the forest areas who have sound knowledge ofherbal remedies For many decades the tribal communityhas a traditionally self-managed system of folk medicine andprimary healthcare mainly based on herbal remedies
4 Methodology
The survey was spread across the seasons during 2012-2013to get maximum information following the typical protocolsfor the collection of ethnobotanical facts [25ndash27] The studywas undertaken by carrying out ethnobotanical survey withthe people living in the area under study The aims andobjectives of the research were first explained to the localemployees of the Sanctuary and consulted for the recognitionof knowledgeable persons (informants) These informantsfrequently recommended other potential informants Fewtraditional healers and some religious leaders such as templepriests who are involved in the practice and prescriptionof medicinal plants were also interviewed We attemptedto interview peoples from all age groups (Table 1) sexand socioeconomic and ethnic community so that infor-mants include legislature of the entire community Total 122informants in the age group of 17ndash70 years were identifiedfrom CPWLS and surrounding areas Out of the variousinformants there were 8 traditional healers and 7 templepriests The data was gathered involving a planned surveyutilizing questionnaire with literate people and interviewwith the rest in local language by using interpreters
Local name of plants taxonomic diversity parts of theplant used indication method and forms of preparation androute of administration were recorded and documented bysuccessive visit to villages (Table 2) Status in the humanityconcerning their familiarity about herbs and traditional usesare the basic criteria for the selection for the interview
International Journal of Biodiversity 3
Table 1 Informants
Variables Frequency Gender
Male 79 6475Female 43 4016
Age in yearsle20 5 41020ndash30 21 172131ndash40 31 254141ndash50 52 426251ndash60 6 492ge60 7 574
of informant The collected data from these informantsrepresent the whole community because they are recognizedhealers villagers elder people teachers social workers andso forth
5 Identification of Plants
Prior to survey a questionnaire was designed and pretestedwith five informants Processing of voucher specimens forherbarium preparation was done following standard pro-cedures [28] The photographs of the plants were taken attheir locality Identification was carried out with the help ofavailable floras [29ndash31] and by the professional experts Plantnames were checked according to the International PlantName Index [32]
6 Results and Discussion
A discussion of human being existence on this planet wouldnot be complete without a look at the role of plants becauseplants have been an integral part of human culture since thestart of civilization Ethnobotany is the learning of differentmethods by which communities of a particular provinceutilize native plants for their daily routine works diet outfitsmedication and other activities [33] For the protection andconsumption of natural wealth its documentation is required[34] Several ethnobotanical studies were carried out to takerecord of the species used by the residents contiguous inthe different area for health care It is believed that thereare still undisclosed species of plants in the rainforestsand these species must be identified and explored for theirundiscovered potentials and biological activities Traditionalmedicine is practical application of the local therapeuticallyimportant plants as well as minerals With every specialistthat dies without an apprentice the great medical knowledgebase of their culture dies with them Documentation ofthis undisclosed and traditional information is very muchhelpful in understanding the biodiversity [35] making ofpolicies for conservation of medicinal plants [36] and alsothe development of researches
The documentedmedicinal plants and all relevant data ofthe present study are summarized in Table 2 Altogether 100medicinal plants belonging to 43 families and 82 genera weredocumented from the study area (Table 2) Fabaceae (11)
118
6
6
55
4433333
22
22
21
1
11 1 1
FabaceaeCucurbitaceaeCaesalpiniaceaePoaceaeMalvaceaeSolanaceaeAcanthaceae
AsclepiadaceaeAsteraceaeCombretaceaeEuphorbiaceaeLiliaceaeRhamnaceaeApocynaceae
Figure 2 Distribution of families
Climber16
Shrub17
Herb28
Tree33
Grass6
Figure 3 Distribution of habit
Cucurbitaceae (8) Caesalpiniaceae and Poaceae (6) andMalvaceae and Solanaceae (5) were the dominant families(Figure 2) Among the genera Cassia (6 spp) ZiziphusTrichosanthes Terminalia Solanum Sida and Luffa (3 sppeach) and Calotropis Desmodium and Eclipta (2 spp each)were dominant genera Medicinal value of plants of Vindhyaregion belonging to Fabaceae family was previously reportedby Chaudhary [37]
Among the 100 recognized medicinal plants 33 aretrees Other species used belong to herbs (28) followed byshrubs (17) vineclimber (16) and grass (6) (Figure 3)Some of the plants are also available in residential area estatewayside riversides and the tropical forest Availability oftrees and herbs is common in the forest Therefore it is easyfor the local healers to use these plants [38]
The common sicknesses for the people living in tribesin the study area are bronchitis constipation diarrheadysentery gastric troubles cuts wounds urinary problemsjaundice and so forth Amongst the parts used fruit rootsand whole plants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark(15) were the major parts (Figure 4) Exact doses andduration of treatment are considered as intellectual property
4 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Nam
eofm
edicinalplantswith
detaileddescrip
tionused
bytheC
hand
raPrabha
Wild
lifeS
anctuaryC
hand
auliUtta
rPradeshInd
ia
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
1Ab
utilonindicum
(Linn)S
weet
(DD001)
Kang
hiMalvaceae
[Sh]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
2Ac
aciacatechuWilld(D
D002)
Khadir
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
3Ad
hatoda
vasicaNees(D
D003)
Adusha
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[Fl]
[D]
[O]
Chronicb
ronchitisasthm
aand
antispasm
odic
4Ae
glemarmelo
sCorrea(D
D00
4)Ba
elRu
taceae
[T]
[RtB
r]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
5Ailanthu
sexcelsaRo
xb(DD005)
Mahanim
baSimarou
baceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
gelaxativehepatitis
bron
chitisconstip
ation
andantitoxic
inratb
ite6
Albizialebbeck
Benth(D
D00
6)Sh
irisha
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantia
llergic
7Aloe
vera
Tourn
exLinn
(DD007)
Kumari
Liliaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[J][Pt]
[O][LA]
Hepatop
rotectivea
ndanti-inflammatory
8Alsto
niascholarisR
Br(DD008)lowast
Sataparna
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
geskindiseasespurgativ
etumou
rssupp
ressor
9Am
aranthus
spinosus
Linn
(D
D00
9)Ch
olai
Amaranthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Boilsburnssnakebiteskindiseases
laxativ
eerup
tivefevers
10Am
orphophallu
scam
panu
latusB
lex
Decne(DD010)
Surana
Araceae
[H]
[Rh]
[RW][Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
edigestived
isorderspiles
skin
disordersandaphrod
isiac
11An
drographispaniculata
Nees
(DD011)
Kalm
egha
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Feversm
alariaamoebicd
ysentery
dyspepsia
12An
dropogon
iwaraneusa
Jones
(DD012)
Khas
Poaceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Feverdiureticvira
lfevers
13Ar
istolochiaind
icaLinn
(DD013)
Isharm
ulAris
tolochiaceae
[Cl]
[Lf]
[J][D
][O
][LA]
Antito
xica
ndjaun
dice
14Ar
tocarpus
heterophyllusL
amk
(DD014)
Katahala
Liliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Feverbo
ilsw
ound
sandskin
diseases
15Asparagusracem
osus
Willd
(DD015)
Shatavari
Liliaceae
[H]
[Rh]
[Pw][D
][O
]Diuretic
anti-infl
ammatory
16Asteracantha
longifolia
Nees
(Hygrophila
auric
ulata)
(DD016)lowast
Talm
akhana
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
17Az
adira
chtaindica
AJuss(D
D017)
Neem
Meliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
18Ba
mboom
anna
(DD018)
Bans
Poaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisjaun
dice
19Ba
rleria
prionitis
Linn
(DD019)
Vajra
danti
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ehemorrhoidscirr
hosis
oflivervaricosev
einsand
jaun
dice
20Ba
rringtoniaacutangula(Linn)
Gaertn
(DD020)
Hijjala
Lecythidaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Snakeb
ite
21Benincasah
ispida(Th
unb)C
ogn
(DD021)
Petha
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[J][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
22Bo
erhaaviadiffu
saLinn
(DD022)
Gadahpu
rna
Nyctaginaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
International Journal of Biodiversity 5
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
23Bu
team
onosperm
a(Lam
)Ku
ntze
(DD023)
Dhak
Fabaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Enlargem
ento
fliver
inhepatitis
24Ca
lotro
pisgigantea(Linn)R
Brex
Ait
(DD024)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Hepatitiscoun
terir
ritantlaxativ
eand
syph
ilitic
affectio
n
25Ca
lotro
pisprocera
(Ait)R
Br
(DD025)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
SimilartoC
gigantea
26Ca
pparisdecid
uaEd
gew
(DD026)
Kair
Capp
aridaceae
[Sh]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Purgativea
ndhepatitis
27Ca
psicu
mfru
tescensL
(DD027)
Mirc
hSolanaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Pt]
[RW]
[O][LA]
Skin
itchesthefruitisused
totre
atdiscom
fortsa
ndcommon
ailm
ents
associated
with
pregnancy
28Ca
ricap
apayaL(D
D028)
Papita
Caric
aceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Digestantanthelm
intic
laxativetonic
nutritiveaph
rodisia
cwormicidal
activ
itycou
ghand
diureticprop
ertie
s
29Ca
ssiaa
lata
L(D
D029)
Dadmari
Fabaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Ring
worm
andscabies
stomach-acheslaxativ
eeffect
30Ca
ssiafi
stulaLinn
(DD030)
Amaltas
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[FrP]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ehepatitis
31Ca
ssiao
ccidentalis
Linn
(DD031)
Kasamarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[Sh]
[SD]
[Lf]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ecoug
h
32Ca
ssiatoraLinn
(DD032)
Chakramarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Digestiv
eupsets
33Cissa
mpelospareir
aLinn
(DD033)
Bichhu
kand
Menisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
34Clerodendrum
phlomidisLinn
f
(DD034)
Tarkari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
land
anti-inflammatory
35Crataeva
nurvalaBu
chH
am
(DD035)
Varuna
Capp
aridaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticanti-inflammatory
andantitoxic
36Cu
rculigoo
rchioidesG
aertn
(DD036)
Safedmusli
Hypoxidaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceantibacteria
lantifun
galand
leucorrhoea
37Cy
nodondactylon
(Linn)P
ers
(DD037)
Doo
bPo
aceae
[Gr]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Ascitesgeneralanasarcaantiv
iral
agentandchickenpo
x
38Cy
perusrotun
dusL
inn
(DD038)lowast
Motha
Cyperaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Scariosusam
oebicd
ysentery
anti-inflammatoryantib
acteria
l
39DalbergiasissooRo
xb(DD039)
Shish
amFabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Ch
ronicfeversdiureticantibacteria
lused
forrepairo
fdam
ageo
fthe
tissues
40Desmodiumgangeticu
mDC
(DD04
0)Sharivan
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
antito
xicvomiting
and
diarrhoea
41Desmodiumtriflorum
DC
(DD041)
Teenpatti
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticand
carm
inative
42Desmostachya
bipinn
ataStapf
(DD04
2)lowast
Kusha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Stop
ping
bleeding
anti-infl
ammatory
antitoxicand
diureticand
correctin
gthetissues
6 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
43Diospyrosperegrina(G
aertn)
Gurke(DD043)
Tend
uEb
enaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Rheumatism
andulcers
44Dolich
osbiflorusL
inn
(DD04
4)Ku
lathi
Fabaceae
[Cl]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandgallsto
nes
45Ecliptaalba
(Linn)H
assk
(DD045)lowast
Bhingaraja
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
46Ecliptaprostra
taLinn
(DD04
6)Bh
ringraj
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
47Em
blica
officin
alisGaertn
(DD047)
Amala
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Metabolicdisorderslaxativ
erejuvenatio
nandhepatitis
48Eu
calyptus
globu
lusL
abill(DD04
8)Safeda
Myrtaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[RT]
Oil[D
][O
]inhalation
Antise
pticupp
errespira
tory
tract
infection
skin
diseasesand
purgative
49Ficusracem
osaLinn
(DD049)
Gular
Moraceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
50Gm
elina
arboreaRo
xb(DD050)
Gam
bhari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
eantitoxicdiuretic
and
healing
51Gy
mnemasylv
estre
Schu
lt(D
D051)
Gud
mar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Rheumatism
cou
ghdyspn
oeaulcers
andeyep
ains
52Hem
idesmus
indicusR
Br(D
D052)
Anantam
ulAs
clepiadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andantitoxic
53Hibiscus
rosa-sinensisL(D
D053)
Gurhal
Malvaceae
[Sh]
Sap
[Lf]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Boils
andsprainsasthmawou
nds
andsw
ellin
g
54Holarrhenaa
ntidysenteric
a(Linn)
Wall(D
D054)
Indrajau
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
lam
oebicd
ysentery
laxativ
eandjaun
dice
55Indigofer
atinctoriaLinn
(DD055)
Neel
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticantito
xicused
inepilepsynervou
sdiso
rdersdysuria
hepatitis
56Ipom
oead
igita
taLinn
(DD056)
Vidari
Con
volvulaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
estim
ulantanti-inflammatory
57Jasm
inum
officin
alefaffine
(DD057)
Cham
eli
Oleaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantib
acteria
l
58Jatro
phac
urcasL
inn
(DD058)
Ratanjot
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
Oil[Lt]
Oil
[LA]
Purgativeeczemaherpesitchsores
bleeding
wou
ndspilesscabies
ringw
ormand
decaying
teeth
59Juniperuscom
mun
isLinn
(D
D059)lowast
Kaiphal
Cupressaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diuretic
antibacteria
lgono
rrho
ea
drop
syanti-infl
ammatoryand
antim
icrobial
60La
wsoniainermisLinn
(DD06
0)Mehnd
iLythraceae
[Sh]
[Lf][Br]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Jaun
diceepilepsyandasthma
redu
cing
burningsm
allp
ox
anti-inflammatoryandgono
rrho
ea
61Lu
ffaacutangula(Linn)R
oxb
(DD061)
Turai
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fl]
[Fr]
[D]snuff
[O]nasal
Laxativ
ediureticpurgativ
ejaund
ice
International Journal of Biodiversity 7
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
62Lu
ffacylin
drica
(Linn)M
JR
oem
(DD062)
Ghiatarui
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
63Lu
ffaechinata
Roxb(DD063)
Bind
alCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticand
anti-
inflammatory
64Mom
ordica
charantia
Linn
(D
D06
4)Ka
rela
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Hepatitislaxativ
e
65Moringa
oleiferaLam(DD065)
Sahijana
Moringaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Anti-infl
ammatoryhealingdiuretic
laxativ
eantip
yreticantirh
eumatic
tonicdiureticcho
lagogenic
66Musap
aradisiacaLinn
(DD06
6)Ke
laMusaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eused
toaltersecretio
ntumou
rsblocked
vessels
67Ny
ctanthesarbor-tristis
Linn
(D
D067)
Harsin
gar
Oleaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Diabeteslaxativ
ediureticcholagogue
jaun
dice
68Oroxylumindicum
Vent(DD06
8)Saun
apatha
Bign
oniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Amoebicd
ysenteryjaund
iceand
antib
acteria
l
69Ph
ysalisminim
aL(D
D069)
Chirp
oti
Solanaceae
[H]
[RT]
[Lf]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Hypertension
diabetesand
malaria
70Pongam
iapinn
ata(Linn)P
ierre
(DD070)lowast
Karanj
Fabaceae
[T]
[SD]
[Pw][RW]
[O]
Herpesantib
acteria
lantim
icrobial
antifun
galandantiv
iralliver
disorderse
xtensiv
elyitislaxative
71Pterocarpu
smarsupium
Roxb
(DD071)lowastlowast
Bijayasar
Fabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Jaun
diceeleph
antia
sisleucoderm
adiarrhoeadysenteryrectalgiacoug
handgreynessof
hair
72Pu
nica
granatum
Linn
(DD072)lowast
Anar
Punicaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andvomiting
73Ra
phanus
sativ
umLinn
(DD073)
Muli
Brassic
aceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceintestin
aldisorders
74Ricin
uscommun
isLinn
(DD074)
Rend
iEu
phorbiaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Rt]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dicevira
lhepatitis
75Ro
sacentifolia
Linn
(DD075)
Gulab
Rosaceae
[Sh]
Buds
[D]
[O]
Antito
xicliver
disorderhyperacidity
laxativ
etonicantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
76Saccharumspontaneum
Linn
(D
D076)lowast
Kasha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
bleedingdisorders
77Sida
acutaBu
rmf(DD077)
Baria
raMalvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
78Sida
cordifolia
Linn
(DD078)
Bala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
79Sida
rhom
bifolia
Linn
(DD079)
Mahabala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
80Solanu
mnigrum
Linn
(DD080)
Makoi
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Usedin
liver
disordersa
ndhydrop
hobia
81Solanu
msuratte
nseB
urmf
(DD081)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
febrifugeanti-inflammatory
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
2 International Journal of Biodiversity
Chandauli districtUttar Pradesh
Figure 1 Area of study
explore the medicinal prosperity of the area Therefore thepresent study was proposed to document the ethnomedicinalinformation of Chandra PrabhaWildlife Sanctuary (CPWLS)and nearby area
2 Aim and Objectives
The primary aim of this research work was to assess therichness of ethnomedicinal plant species used by the localtribes in forest areas and to provide an initial picture of theethnomedicinal plants in the CPWLS which was not studiedbefore from this viewpoint So the present study was plannedkeeping in view the following goals
(1) assessing the diversity distribution and utilizationpatterns of medicinal plants
(2) identification and documentation of plant speciesused for the treatment and prevention of variousdiseases and ailments in the study area
3 Study Area
The Chandauli district contributes to the Indian GDP byproviding a range of cereals including paddy and wheat It ispopularly known as the ldquoDhaan Ka Katora of Uttar Pradeshrdquobecause of tremendous productive lands of the GangeticPlain The Sanctuary is situated in Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh between Chakia andNaugarh having rich vegetation spread over an area of 78square kilometers and lying between the latitude 24∘5410158404310158401015840Nand longitude 83∘1010158404110158401015840E about 70Km from the famouscity of Varanasi (Figure 1) The place has been gifted withattractive picnic spots intense forest and beautiful waterfalls
like Rajdari and Devdari and a dam nearby area knownas Chandra Prabha Dam The Sanctuary was recognized in1957 and spread in more than 9600 hect The center areaof the place covers over 2686 hect It was famous for theAsiatic Lion during 1957ndash1970 It provides a natural and idealhabitat for grasslands many caves in Vindhya region andwaterfalls for a crowd of animals and plants There is anenormous possibility for tourism development in the Sanctu-ary where people can take pleasure in natural attractivenessand biodiversity There is broad range of lovely colorful birdsand creeping animals (poisonous and nonpoisonous) in thesanctuary Rajdari and Devdari are two main waterfalls inthis area which is enclosed by the forest area The height ofRajdari is more than 65 meters which is a stepped waterfalland a major spot of attraction for the tourists Devdari isabout 500m downwards the watercourse underneath Rajdariwaterfall The temperature in the region varies from 38∘C(summer) to 14∘C (winter) Rainy season lasts from mid ofJune to SeptemberThe forest had been the main resource fornatives but their dependence on forest resources continuedto decrease gradually due to deforestation The Sanctuary istypically dry deciduous forest and also has a huge diversity ofnatural shrubbery
During the course of exploration of ethnomedicinalplants the information has been gathered from the healersinhabiting the forest areas who have sound knowledge ofherbal remedies For many decades the tribal communityhas a traditionally self-managed system of folk medicine andprimary healthcare mainly based on herbal remedies
4 Methodology
The survey was spread across the seasons during 2012-2013to get maximum information following the typical protocolsfor the collection of ethnobotanical facts [25ndash27] The studywas undertaken by carrying out ethnobotanical survey withthe people living in the area under study The aims andobjectives of the research were first explained to the localemployees of the Sanctuary and consulted for the recognitionof knowledgeable persons (informants) These informantsfrequently recommended other potential informants Fewtraditional healers and some religious leaders such as templepriests who are involved in the practice and prescriptionof medicinal plants were also interviewed We attemptedto interview peoples from all age groups (Table 1) sexand socioeconomic and ethnic community so that infor-mants include legislature of the entire community Total 122informants in the age group of 17ndash70 years were identifiedfrom CPWLS and surrounding areas Out of the variousinformants there were 8 traditional healers and 7 templepriests The data was gathered involving a planned surveyutilizing questionnaire with literate people and interviewwith the rest in local language by using interpreters
Local name of plants taxonomic diversity parts of theplant used indication method and forms of preparation androute of administration were recorded and documented bysuccessive visit to villages (Table 2) Status in the humanityconcerning their familiarity about herbs and traditional usesare the basic criteria for the selection for the interview
International Journal of Biodiversity 3
Table 1 Informants
Variables Frequency Gender
Male 79 6475Female 43 4016
Age in yearsle20 5 41020ndash30 21 172131ndash40 31 254141ndash50 52 426251ndash60 6 492ge60 7 574
of informant The collected data from these informantsrepresent the whole community because they are recognizedhealers villagers elder people teachers social workers andso forth
5 Identification of Plants
Prior to survey a questionnaire was designed and pretestedwith five informants Processing of voucher specimens forherbarium preparation was done following standard pro-cedures [28] The photographs of the plants were taken attheir locality Identification was carried out with the help ofavailable floras [29ndash31] and by the professional experts Plantnames were checked according to the International PlantName Index [32]
6 Results and Discussion
A discussion of human being existence on this planet wouldnot be complete without a look at the role of plants becauseplants have been an integral part of human culture since thestart of civilization Ethnobotany is the learning of differentmethods by which communities of a particular provinceutilize native plants for their daily routine works diet outfitsmedication and other activities [33] For the protection andconsumption of natural wealth its documentation is required[34] Several ethnobotanical studies were carried out to takerecord of the species used by the residents contiguous inthe different area for health care It is believed that thereare still undisclosed species of plants in the rainforestsand these species must be identified and explored for theirundiscovered potentials and biological activities Traditionalmedicine is practical application of the local therapeuticallyimportant plants as well as minerals With every specialistthat dies without an apprentice the great medical knowledgebase of their culture dies with them Documentation ofthis undisclosed and traditional information is very muchhelpful in understanding the biodiversity [35] making ofpolicies for conservation of medicinal plants [36] and alsothe development of researches
The documentedmedicinal plants and all relevant data ofthe present study are summarized in Table 2 Altogether 100medicinal plants belonging to 43 families and 82 genera weredocumented from the study area (Table 2) Fabaceae (11)
118
6
6
55
4433333
22
22
21
1
11 1 1
FabaceaeCucurbitaceaeCaesalpiniaceaePoaceaeMalvaceaeSolanaceaeAcanthaceae
AsclepiadaceaeAsteraceaeCombretaceaeEuphorbiaceaeLiliaceaeRhamnaceaeApocynaceae
Figure 2 Distribution of families
Climber16
Shrub17
Herb28
Tree33
Grass6
Figure 3 Distribution of habit
Cucurbitaceae (8) Caesalpiniaceae and Poaceae (6) andMalvaceae and Solanaceae (5) were the dominant families(Figure 2) Among the genera Cassia (6 spp) ZiziphusTrichosanthes Terminalia Solanum Sida and Luffa (3 sppeach) and Calotropis Desmodium and Eclipta (2 spp each)were dominant genera Medicinal value of plants of Vindhyaregion belonging to Fabaceae family was previously reportedby Chaudhary [37]
Among the 100 recognized medicinal plants 33 aretrees Other species used belong to herbs (28) followed byshrubs (17) vineclimber (16) and grass (6) (Figure 3)Some of the plants are also available in residential area estatewayside riversides and the tropical forest Availability oftrees and herbs is common in the forest Therefore it is easyfor the local healers to use these plants [38]
The common sicknesses for the people living in tribesin the study area are bronchitis constipation diarrheadysentery gastric troubles cuts wounds urinary problemsjaundice and so forth Amongst the parts used fruit rootsand whole plants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark(15) were the major parts (Figure 4) Exact doses andduration of treatment are considered as intellectual property
4 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Nam
eofm
edicinalplantswith
detaileddescrip
tionused
bytheC
hand
raPrabha
Wild
lifeS
anctuaryC
hand
auliUtta
rPradeshInd
ia
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
1Ab
utilonindicum
(Linn)S
weet
(DD001)
Kang
hiMalvaceae
[Sh]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
2Ac
aciacatechuWilld(D
D002)
Khadir
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
3Ad
hatoda
vasicaNees(D
D003)
Adusha
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[Fl]
[D]
[O]
Chronicb
ronchitisasthm
aand
antispasm
odic
4Ae
glemarmelo
sCorrea(D
D00
4)Ba
elRu
taceae
[T]
[RtB
r]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
5Ailanthu
sexcelsaRo
xb(DD005)
Mahanim
baSimarou
baceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
gelaxativehepatitis
bron
chitisconstip
ation
andantitoxic
inratb
ite6
Albizialebbeck
Benth(D
D00
6)Sh
irisha
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantia
llergic
7Aloe
vera
Tourn
exLinn
(DD007)
Kumari
Liliaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[J][Pt]
[O][LA]
Hepatop
rotectivea
ndanti-inflammatory
8Alsto
niascholarisR
Br(DD008)lowast
Sataparna
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
geskindiseasespurgativ
etumou
rssupp
ressor
9Am
aranthus
spinosus
Linn
(D
D00
9)Ch
olai
Amaranthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Boilsburnssnakebiteskindiseases
laxativ
eerup
tivefevers
10Am
orphophallu
scam
panu
latusB
lex
Decne(DD010)
Surana
Araceae
[H]
[Rh]
[RW][Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
edigestived
isorderspiles
skin
disordersandaphrod
isiac
11An
drographispaniculata
Nees
(DD011)
Kalm
egha
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Feversm
alariaamoebicd
ysentery
dyspepsia
12An
dropogon
iwaraneusa
Jones
(DD012)
Khas
Poaceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Feverdiureticvira
lfevers
13Ar
istolochiaind
icaLinn
(DD013)
Isharm
ulAris
tolochiaceae
[Cl]
[Lf]
[J][D
][O
][LA]
Antito
xica
ndjaun
dice
14Ar
tocarpus
heterophyllusL
amk
(DD014)
Katahala
Liliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Feverbo
ilsw
ound
sandskin
diseases
15Asparagusracem
osus
Willd
(DD015)
Shatavari
Liliaceae
[H]
[Rh]
[Pw][D
][O
]Diuretic
anti-infl
ammatory
16Asteracantha
longifolia
Nees
(Hygrophila
auric
ulata)
(DD016)lowast
Talm
akhana
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
17Az
adira
chtaindica
AJuss(D
D017)
Neem
Meliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
18Ba
mboom
anna
(DD018)
Bans
Poaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisjaun
dice
19Ba
rleria
prionitis
Linn
(DD019)
Vajra
danti
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ehemorrhoidscirr
hosis
oflivervaricosev
einsand
jaun
dice
20Ba
rringtoniaacutangula(Linn)
Gaertn
(DD020)
Hijjala
Lecythidaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Snakeb
ite
21Benincasah
ispida(Th
unb)C
ogn
(DD021)
Petha
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[J][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
22Bo
erhaaviadiffu
saLinn
(DD022)
Gadahpu
rna
Nyctaginaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
International Journal of Biodiversity 5
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
23Bu
team
onosperm
a(Lam
)Ku
ntze
(DD023)
Dhak
Fabaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Enlargem
ento
fliver
inhepatitis
24Ca
lotro
pisgigantea(Linn)R
Brex
Ait
(DD024)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Hepatitiscoun
terir
ritantlaxativ
eand
syph
ilitic
affectio
n
25Ca
lotro
pisprocera
(Ait)R
Br
(DD025)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
SimilartoC
gigantea
26Ca
pparisdecid
uaEd
gew
(DD026)
Kair
Capp
aridaceae
[Sh]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Purgativea
ndhepatitis
27Ca
psicu
mfru
tescensL
(DD027)
Mirc
hSolanaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Pt]
[RW]
[O][LA]
Skin
itchesthefruitisused
totre
atdiscom
fortsa
ndcommon
ailm
ents
associated
with
pregnancy
28Ca
ricap
apayaL(D
D028)
Papita
Caric
aceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Digestantanthelm
intic
laxativetonic
nutritiveaph
rodisia
cwormicidal
activ
itycou
ghand
diureticprop
ertie
s
29Ca
ssiaa
lata
L(D
D029)
Dadmari
Fabaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Ring
worm
andscabies
stomach-acheslaxativ
eeffect
30Ca
ssiafi
stulaLinn
(DD030)
Amaltas
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[FrP]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ehepatitis
31Ca
ssiao
ccidentalis
Linn
(DD031)
Kasamarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[Sh]
[SD]
[Lf]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ecoug
h
32Ca
ssiatoraLinn
(DD032)
Chakramarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Digestiv
eupsets
33Cissa
mpelospareir
aLinn
(DD033)
Bichhu
kand
Menisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
34Clerodendrum
phlomidisLinn
f
(DD034)
Tarkari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
land
anti-inflammatory
35Crataeva
nurvalaBu
chH
am
(DD035)
Varuna
Capp
aridaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticanti-inflammatory
andantitoxic
36Cu
rculigoo
rchioidesG
aertn
(DD036)
Safedmusli
Hypoxidaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceantibacteria
lantifun
galand
leucorrhoea
37Cy
nodondactylon
(Linn)P
ers
(DD037)
Doo
bPo
aceae
[Gr]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Ascitesgeneralanasarcaantiv
iral
agentandchickenpo
x
38Cy
perusrotun
dusL
inn
(DD038)lowast
Motha
Cyperaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Scariosusam
oebicd
ysentery
anti-inflammatoryantib
acteria
l
39DalbergiasissooRo
xb(DD039)
Shish
amFabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Ch
ronicfeversdiureticantibacteria
lused
forrepairo
fdam
ageo
fthe
tissues
40Desmodiumgangeticu
mDC
(DD04
0)Sharivan
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
antito
xicvomiting
and
diarrhoea
41Desmodiumtriflorum
DC
(DD041)
Teenpatti
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticand
carm
inative
42Desmostachya
bipinn
ataStapf
(DD04
2)lowast
Kusha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Stop
ping
bleeding
anti-infl
ammatory
antitoxicand
diureticand
correctin
gthetissues
6 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
43Diospyrosperegrina(G
aertn)
Gurke(DD043)
Tend
uEb
enaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Rheumatism
andulcers
44Dolich
osbiflorusL
inn
(DD04
4)Ku
lathi
Fabaceae
[Cl]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandgallsto
nes
45Ecliptaalba
(Linn)H
assk
(DD045)lowast
Bhingaraja
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
46Ecliptaprostra
taLinn
(DD04
6)Bh
ringraj
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
47Em
blica
officin
alisGaertn
(DD047)
Amala
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Metabolicdisorderslaxativ
erejuvenatio
nandhepatitis
48Eu
calyptus
globu
lusL
abill(DD04
8)Safeda
Myrtaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[RT]
Oil[D
][O
]inhalation
Antise
pticupp
errespira
tory
tract
infection
skin
diseasesand
purgative
49Ficusracem
osaLinn
(DD049)
Gular
Moraceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
50Gm
elina
arboreaRo
xb(DD050)
Gam
bhari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
eantitoxicdiuretic
and
healing
51Gy
mnemasylv
estre
Schu
lt(D
D051)
Gud
mar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Rheumatism
cou
ghdyspn
oeaulcers
andeyep
ains
52Hem
idesmus
indicusR
Br(D
D052)
Anantam
ulAs
clepiadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andantitoxic
53Hibiscus
rosa-sinensisL(D
D053)
Gurhal
Malvaceae
[Sh]
Sap
[Lf]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Boils
andsprainsasthmawou
nds
andsw
ellin
g
54Holarrhenaa
ntidysenteric
a(Linn)
Wall(D
D054)
Indrajau
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
lam
oebicd
ysentery
laxativ
eandjaun
dice
55Indigofer
atinctoriaLinn
(DD055)
Neel
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticantito
xicused
inepilepsynervou
sdiso
rdersdysuria
hepatitis
56Ipom
oead
igita
taLinn
(DD056)
Vidari
Con
volvulaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
estim
ulantanti-inflammatory
57Jasm
inum
officin
alefaffine
(DD057)
Cham
eli
Oleaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantib
acteria
l
58Jatro
phac
urcasL
inn
(DD058)
Ratanjot
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
Oil[Lt]
Oil
[LA]
Purgativeeczemaherpesitchsores
bleeding
wou
ndspilesscabies
ringw
ormand
decaying
teeth
59Juniperuscom
mun
isLinn
(D
D059)lowast
Kaiphal
Cupressaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diuretic
antibacteria
lgono
rrho
ea
drop
syanti-infl
ammatoryand
antim
icrobial
60La
wsoniainermisLinn
(DD06
0)Mehnd
iLythraceae
[Sh]
[Lf][Br]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Jaun
diceepilepsyandasthma
redu
cing
burningsm
allp
ox
anti-inflammatoryandgono
rrho
ea
61Lu
ffaacutangula(Linn)R
oxb
(DD061)
Turai
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fl]
[Fr]
[D]snuff
[O]nasal
Laxativ
ediureticpurgativ
ejaund
ice
International Journal of Biodiversity 7
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
62Lu
ffacylin
drica
(Linn)M
JR
oem
(DD062)
Ghiatarui
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
63Lu
ffaechinata
Roxb(DD063)
Bind
alCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticand
anti-
inflammatory
64Mom
ordica
charantia
Linn
(D
D06
4)Ka
rela
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Hepatitislaxativ
e
65Moringa
oleiferaLam(DD065)
Sahijana
Moringaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Anti-infl
ammatoryhealingdiuretic
laxativ
eantip
yreticantirh
eumatic
tonicdiureticcho
lagogenic
66Musap
aradisiacaLinn
(DD06
6)Ke
laMusaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eused
toaltersecretio
ntumou
rsblocked
vessels
67Ny
ctanthesarbor-tristis
Linn
(D
D067)
Harsin
gar
Oleaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Diabeteslaxativ
ediureticcholagogue
jaun
dice
68Oroxylumindicum
Vent(DD06
8)Saun
apatha
Bign
oniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Amoebicd
ysenteryjaund
iceand
antib
acteria
l
69Ph
ysalisminim
aL(D
D069)
Chirp
oti
Solanaceae
[H]
[RT]
[Lf]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Hypertension
diabetesand
malaria
70Pongam
iapinn
ata(Linn)P
ierre
(DD070)lowast
Karanj
Fabaceae
[T]
[SD]
[Pw][RW]
[O]
Herpesantib
acteria
lantim
icrobial
antifun
galandantiv
iralliver
disorderse
xtensiv
elyitislaxative
71Pterocarpu
smarsupium
Roxb
(DD071)lowastlowast
Bijayasar
Fabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Jaun
diceeleph
antia
sisleucoderm
adiarrhoeadysenteryrectalgiacoug
handgreynessof
hair
72Pu
nica
granatum
Linn
(DD072)lowast
Anar
Punicaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andvomiting
73Ra
phanus
sativ
umLinn
(DD073)
Muli
Brassic
aceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceintestin
aldisorders
74Ricin
uscommun
isLinn
(DD074)
Rend
iEu
phorbiaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Rt]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dicevira
lhepatitis
75Ro
sacentifolia
Linn
(DD075)
Gulab
Rosaceae
[Sh]
Buds
[D]
[O]
Antito
xicliver
disorderhyperacidity
laxativ
etonicantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
76Saccharumspontaneum
Linn
(D
D076)lowast
Kasha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
bleedingdisorders
77Sida
acutaBu
rmf(DD077)
Baria
raMalvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
78Sida
cordifolia
Linn
(DD078)
Bala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
79Sida
rhom
bifolia
Linn
(DD079)
Mahabala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
80Solanu
mnigrum
Linn
(DD080)
Makoi
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Usedin
liver
disordersa
ndhydrop
hobia
81Solanu
msuratte
nseB
urmf
(DD081)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
febrifugeanti-inflammatory
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
International Journal of Biodiversity 3
Table 1 Informants
Variables Frequency Gender
Male 79 6475Female 43 4016
Age in yearsle20 5 41020ndash30 21 172131ndash40 31 254141ndash50 52 426251ndash60 6 492ge60 7 574
of informant The collected data from these informantsrepresent the whole community because they are recognizedhealers villagers elder people teachers social workers andso forth
5 Identification of Plants
Prior to survey a questionnaire was designed and pretestedwith five informants Processing of voucher specimens forherbarium preparation was done following standard pro-cedures [28] The photographs of the plants were taken attheir locality Identification was carried out with the help ofavailable floras [29ndash31] and by the professional experts Plantnames were checked according to the International PlantName Index [32]
6 Results and Discussion
A discussion of human being existence on this planet wouldnot be complete without a look at the role of plants becauseplants have been an integral part of human culture since thestart of civilization Ethnobotany is the learning of differentmethods by which communities of a particular provinceutilize native plants for their daily routine works diet outfitsmedication and other activities [33] For the protection andconsumption of natural wealth its documentation is required[34] Several ethnobotanical studies were carried out to takerecord of the species used by the residents contiguous inthe different area for health care It is believed that thereare still undisclosed species of plants in the rainforestsand these species must be identified and explored for theirundiscovered potentials and biological activities Traditionalmedicine is practical application of the local therapeuticallyimportant plants as well as minerals With every specialistthat dies without an apprentice the great medical knowledgebase of their culture dies with them Documentation ofthis undisclosed and traditional information is very muchhelpful in understanding the biodiversity [35] making ofpolicies for conservation of medicinal plants [36] and alsothe development of researches
The documentedmedicinal plants and all relevant data ofthe present study are summarized in Table 2 Altogether 100medicinal plants belonging to 43 families and 82 genera weredocumented from the study area (Table 2) Fabaceae (11)
118
6
6
55
4433333
22
22
21
1
11 1 1
FabaceaeCucurbitaceaeCaesalpiniaceaePoaceaeMalvaceaeSolanaceaeAcanthaceae
AsclepiadaceaeAsteraceaeCombretaceaeEuphorbiaceaeLiliaceaeRhamnaceaeApocynaceae
Figure 2 Distribution of families
Climber16
Shrub17
Herb28
Tree33
Grass6
Figure 3 Distribution of habit
Cucurbitaceae (8) Caesalpiniaceae and Poaceae (6) andMalvaceae and Solanaceae (5) were the dominant families(Figure 2) Among the genera Cassia (6 spp) ZiziphusTrichosanthes Terminalia Solanum Sida and Luffa (3 sppeach) and Calotropis Desmodium and Eclipta (2 spp each)were dominant genera Medicinal value of plants of Vindhyaregion belonging to Fabaceae family was previously reportedby Chaudhary [37]
Among the 100 recognized medicinal plants 33 aretrees Other species used belong to herbs (28) followed byshrubs (17) vineclimber (16) and grass (6) (Figure 3)Some of the plants are also available in residential area estatewayside riversides and the tropical forest Availability oftrees and herbs is common in the forest Therefore it is easyfor the local healers to use these plants [38]
The common sicknesses for the people living in tribesin the study area are bronchitis constipation diarrheadysentery gastric troubles cuts wounds urinary problemsjaundice and so forth Amongst the parts used fruit rootsand whole plants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark(15) were the major parts (Figure 4) Exact doses andduration of treatment are considered as intellectual property
4 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Nam
eofm
edicinalplantswith
detaileddescrip
tionused
bytheC
hand
raPrabha
Wild
lifeS
anctuaryC
hand
auliUtta
rPradeshInd
ia
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
1Ab
utilonindicum
(Linn)S
weet
(DD001)
Kang
hiMalvaceae
[Sh]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
2Ac
aciacatechuWilld(D
D002)
Khadir
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
3Ad
hatoda
vasicaNees(D
D003)
Adusha
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[Fl]
[D]
[O]
Chronicb
ronchitisasthm
aand
antispasm
odic
4Ae
glemarmelo
sCorrea(D
D00
4)Ba
elRu
taceae
[T]
[RtB
r]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
5Ailanthu
sexcelsaRo
xb(DD005)
Mahanim
baSimarou
baceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
gelaxativehepatitis
bron
chitisconstip
ation
andantitoxic
inratb
ite6
Albizialebbeck
Benth(D
D00
6)Sh
irisha
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantia
llergic
7Aloe
vera
Tourn
exLinn
(DD007)
Kumari
Liliaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[J][Pt]
[O][LA]
Hepatop
rotectivea
ndanti-inflammatory
8Alsto
niascholarisR
Br(DD008)lowast
Sataparna
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
geskindiseasespurgativ
etumou
rssupp
ressor
9Am
aranthus
spinosus
Linn
(D
D00
9)Ch
olai
Amaranthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Boilsburnssnakebiteskindiseases
laxativ
eerup
tivefevers
10Am
orphophallu
scam
panu
latusB
lex
Decne(DD010)
Surana
Araceae
[H]
[Rh]
[RW][Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
edigestived
isorderspiles
skin
disordersandaphrod
isiac
11An
drographispaniculata
Nees
(DD011)
Kalm
egha
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Feversm
alariaamoebicd
ysentery
dyspepsia
12An
dropogon
iwaraneusa
Jones
(DD012)
Khas
Poaceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Feverdiureticvira
lfevers
13Ar
istolochiaind
icaLinn
(DD013)
Isharm
ulAris
tolochiaceae
[Cl]
[Lf]
[J][D
][O
][LA]
Antito
xica
ndjaun
dice
14Ar
tocarpus
heterophyllusL
amk
(DD014)
Katahala
Liliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Feverbo
ilsw
ound
sandskin
diseases
15Asparagusracem
osus
Willd
(DD015)
Shatavari
Liliaceae
[H]
[Rh]
[Pw][D
][O
]Diuretic
anti-infl
ammatory
16Asteracantha
longifolia
Nees
(Hygrophila
auric
ulata)
(DD016)lowast
Talm
akhana
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
17Az
adira
chtaindica
AJuss(D
D017)
Neem
Meliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
18Ba
mboom
anna
(DD018)
Bans
Poaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisjaun
dice
19Ba
rleria
prionitis
Linn
(DD019)
Vajra
danti
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ehemorrhoidscirr
hosis
oflivervaricosev
einsand
jaun
dice
20Ba
rringtoniaacutangula(Linn)
Gaertn
(DD020)
Hijjala
Lecythidaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Snakeb
ite
21Benincasah
ispida(Th
unb)C
ogn
(DD021)
Petha
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[J][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
22Bo
erhaaviadiffu
saLinn
(DD022)
Gadahpu
rna
Nyctaginaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
International Journal of Biodiversity 5
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
23Bu
team
onosperm
a(Lam
)Ku
ntze
(DD023)
Dhak
Fabaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Enlargem
ento
fliver
inhepatitis
24Ca
lotro
pisgigantea(Linn)R
Brex
Ait
(DD024)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Hepatitiscoun
terir
ritantlaxativ
eand
syph
ilitic
affectio
n
25Ca
lotro
pisprocera
(Ait)R
Br
(DD025)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
SimilartoC
gigantea
26Ca
pparisdecid
uaEd
gew
(DD026)
Kair
Capp
aridaceae
[Sh]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Purgativea
ndhepatitis
27Ca
psicu
mfru
tescensL
(DD027)
Mirc
hSolanaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Pt]
[RW]
[O][LA]
Skin
itchesthefruitisused
totre
atdiscom
fortsa
ndcommon
ailm
ents
associated
with
pregnancy
28Ca
ricap
apayaL(D
D028)
Papita
Caric
aceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Digestantanthelm
intic
laxativetonic
nutritiveaph
rodisia
cwormicidal
activ
itycou
ghand
diureticprop
ertie
s
29Ca
ssiaa
lata
L(D
D029)
Dadmari
Fabaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Ring
worm
andscabies
stomach-acheslaxativ
eeffect
30Ca
ssiafi
stulaLinn
(DD030)
Amaltas
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[FrP]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ehepatitis
31Ca
ssiao
ccidentalis
Linn
(DD031)
Kasamarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[Sh]
[SD]
[Lf]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ecoug
h
32Ca
ssiatoraLinn
(DD032)
Chakramarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Digestiv
eupsets
33Cissa
mpelospareir
aLinn
(DD033)
Bichhu
kand
Menisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
34Clerodendrum
phlomidisLinn
f
(DD034)
Tarkari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
land
anti-inflammatory
35Crataeva
nurvalaBu
chH
am
(DD035)
Varuna
Capp
aridaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticanti-inflammatory
andantitoxic
36Cu
rculigoo
rchioidesG
aertn
(DD036)
Safedmusli
Hypoxidaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceantibacteria
lantifun
galand
leucorrhoea
37Cy
nodondactylon
(Linn)P
ers
(DD037)
Doo
bPo
aceae
[Gr]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Ascitesgeneralanasarcaantiv
iral
agentandchickenpo
x
38Cy
perusrotun
dusL
inn
(DD038)lowast
Motha
Cyperaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Scariosusam
oebicd
ysentery
anti-inflammatoryantib
acteria
l
39DalbergiasissooRo
xb(DD039)
Shish
amFabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Ch
ronicfeversdiureticantibacteria
lused
forrepairo
fdam
ageo
fthe
tissues
40Desmodiumgangeticu
mDC
(DD04
0)Sharivan
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
antito
xicvomiting
and
diarrhoea
41Desmodiumtriflorum
DC
(DD041)
Teenpatti
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticand
carm
inative
42Desmostachya
bipinn
ataStapf
(DD04
2)lowast
Kusha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Stop
ping
bleeding
anti-infl
ammatory
antitoxicand
diureticand
correctin
gthetissues
6 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
43Diospyrosperegrina(G
aertn)
Gurke(DD043)
Tend
uEb
enaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Rheumatism
andulcers
44Dolich
osbiflorusL
inn
(DD04
4)Ku
lathi
Fabaceae
[Cl]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandgallsto
nes
45Ecliptaalba
(Linn)H
assk
(DD045)lowast
Bhingaraja
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
46Ecliptaprostra
taLinn
(DD04
6)Bh
ringraj
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
47Em
blica
officin
alisGaertn
(DD047)
Amala
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Metabolicdisorderslaxativ
erejuvenatio
nandhepatitis
48Eu
calyptus
globu
lusL
abill(DD04
8)Safeda
Myrtaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[RT]
Oil[D
][O
]inhalation
Antise
pticupp
errespira
tory
tract
infection
skin
diseasesand
purgative
49Ficusracem
osaLinn
(DD049)
Gular
Moraceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
50Gm
elina
arboreaRo
xb(DD050)
Gam
bhari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
eantitoxicdiuretic
and
healing
51Gy
mnemasylv
estre
Schu
lt(D
D051)
Gud
mar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Rheumatism
cou
ghdyspn
oeaulcers
andeyep
ains
52Hem
idesmus
indicusR
Br(D
D052)
Anantam
ulAs
clepiadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andantitoxic
53Hibiscus
rosa-sinensisL(D
D053)
Gurhal
Malvaceae
[Sh]
Sap
[Lf]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Boils
andsprainsasthmawou
nds
andsw
ellin
g
54Holarrhenaa
ntidysenteric
a(Linn)
Wall(D
D054)
Indrajau
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
lam
oebicd
ysentery
laxativ
eandjaun
dice
55Indigofer
atinctoriaLinn
(DD055)
Neel
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticantito
xicused
inepilepsynervou
sdiso
rdersdysuria
hepatitis
56Ipom
oead
igita
taLinn
(DD056)
Vidari
Con
volvulaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
estim
ulantanti-inflammatory
57Jasm
inum
officin
alefaffine
(DD057)
Cham
eli
Oleaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantib
acteria
l
58Jatro
phac
urcasL
inn
(DD058)
Ratanjot
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
Oil[Lt]
Oil
[LA]
Purgativeeczemaherpesitchsores
bleeding
wou
ndspilesscabies
ringw
ormand
decaying
teeth
59Juniperuscom
mun
isLinn
(D
D059)lowast
Kaiphal
Cupressaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diuretic
antibacteria
lgono
rrho
ea
drop
syanti-infl
ammatoryand
antim
icrobial
60La
wsoniainermisLinn
(DD06
0)Mehnd
iLythraceae
[Sh]
[Lf][Br]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Jaun
diceepilepsyandasthma
redu
cing
burningsm
allp
ox
anti-inflammatoryandgono
rrho
ea
61Lu
ffaacutangula(Linn)R
oxb
(DD061)
Turai
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fl]
[Fr]
[D]snuff
[O]nasal
Laxativ
ediureticpurgativ
ejaund
ice
International Journal of Biodiversity 7
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
62Lu
ffacylin
drica
(Linn)M
JR
oem
(DD062)
Ghiatarui
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
63Lu
ffaechinata
Roxb(DD063)
Bind
alCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticand
anti-
inflammatory
64Mom
ordica
charantia
Linn
(D
D06
4)Ka
rela
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Hepatitislaxativ
e
65Moringa
oleiferaLam(DD065)
Sahijana
Moringaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Anti-infl
ammatoryhealingdiuretic
laxativ
eantip
yreticantirh
eumatic
tonicdiureticcho
lagogenic
66Musap
aradisiacaLinn
(DD06
6)Ke
laMusaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eused
toaltersecretio
ntumou
rsblocked
vessels
67Ny
ctanthesarbor-tristis
Linn
(D
D067)
Harsin
gar
Oleaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Diabeteslaxativ
ediureticcholagogue
jaun
dice
68Oroxylumindicum
Vent(DD06
8)Saun
apatha
Bign
oniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Amoebicd
ysenteryjaund
iceand
antib
acteria
l
69Ph
ysalisminim
aL(D
D069)
Chirp
oti
Solanaceae
[H]
[RT]
[Lf]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Hypertension
diabetesand
malaria
70Pongam
iapinn
ata(Linn)P
ierre
(DD070)lowast
Karanj
Fabaceae
[T]
[SD]
[Pw][RW]
[O]
Herpesantib
acteria
lantim
icrobial
antifun
galandantiv
iralliver
disorderse
xtensiv
elyitislaxative
71Pterocarpu
smarsupium
Roxb
(DD071)lowastlowast
Bijayasar
Fabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Jaun
diceeleph
antia
sisleucoderm
adiarrhoeadysenteryrectalgiacoug
handgreynessof
hair
72Pu
nica
granatum
Linn
(DD072)lowast
Anar
Punicaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andvomiting
73Ra
phanus
sativ
umLinn
(DD073)
Muli
Brassic
aceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceintestin
aldisorders
74Ricin
uscommun
isLinn
(DD074)
Rend
iEu
phorbiaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Rt]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dicevira
lhepatitis
75Ro
sacentifolia
Linn
(DD075)
Gulab
Rosaceae
[Sh]
Buds
[D]
[O]
Antito
xicliver
disorderhyperacidity
laxativ
etonicantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
76Saccharumspontaneum
Linn
(D
D076)lowast
Kasha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
bleedingdisorders
77Sida
acutaBu
rmf(DD077)
Baria
raMalvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
78Sida
cordifolia
Linn
(DD078)
Bala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
79Sida
rhom
bifolia
Linn
(DD079)
Mahabala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
80Solanu
mnigrum
Linn
(DD080)
Makoi
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Usedin
liver
disordersa
ndhydrop
hobia
81Solanu
msuratte
nseB
urmf
(DD081)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
febrifugeanti-inflammatory
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
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International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
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BioinformaticsAdvances in
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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
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Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
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Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
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Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
4 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Nam
eofm
edicinalplantswith
detaileddescrip
tionused
bytheC
hand
raPrabha
Wild
lifeS
anctuaryC
hand
auliUtta
rPradeshInd
ia
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
1Ab
utilonindicum
(Linn)S
weet
(DD001)
Kang
hiMalvaceae
[Sh]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
2Ac
aciacatechuWilld(D
D002)
Khadir
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
3Ad
hatoda
vasicaNees(D
D003)
Adusha
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[Fl]
[D]
[O]
Chronicb
ronchitisasthm
aand
antispasm
odic
4Ae
glemarmelo
sCorrea(D
D00
4)Ba
elRu
taceae
[T]
[RtB
r]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
5Ailanthu
sexcelsaRo
xb(DD005)
Mahanim
baSimarou
baceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
gelaxativehepatitis
bron
chitisconstip
ation
andantitoxic
inratb
ite6
Albizialebbeck
Benth(D
D00
6)Sh
irisha
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantia
llergic
7Aloe
vera
Tourn
exLinn
(DD007)
Kumari
Liliaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[J][Pt]
[O][LA]
Hepatop
rotectivea
ndanti-inflammatory
8Alsto
niascholarisR
Br(DD008)lowast
Sataparna
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Febrifu
geskindiseasespurgativ
etumou
rssupp
ressor
9Am
aranthus
spinosus
Linn
(D
D00
9)Ch
olai
Amaranthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Boilsburnssnakebiteskindiseases
laxativ
eerup
tivefevers
10Am
orphophallu
scam
panu
latusB
lex
Decne(DD010)
Surana
Araceae
[H]
[Rh]
[RW][Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
edigestived
isorderspiles
skin
disordersandaphrod
isiac
11An
drographispaniculata
Nees
(DD011)
Kalm
egha
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Feversm
alariaamoebicd
ysentery
dyspepsia
12An
dropogon
iwaraneusa
Jones
(DD012)
Khas
Poaceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Feverdiureticvira
lfevers
13Ar
istolochiaind
icaLinn
(DD013)
Isharm
ulAris
tolochiaceae
[Cl]
[Lf]
[J][D
][O
][LA]
Antito
xica
ndjaun
dice
14Ar
tocarpus
heterophyllusL
amk
(DD014)
Katahala
Liliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Feverbo
ilsw
ound
sandskin
diseases
15Asparagusracem
osus
Willd
(DD015)
Shatavari
Liliaceae
[H]
[Rh]
[Pw][D
][O
]Diuretic
anti-infl
ammatory
16Asteracantha
longifolia
Nees
(Hygrophila
auric
ulata)
(DD016)lowast
Talm
akhana
Acanthaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
17Az
adira
chtaindica
AJuss(D
D017)
Neem
Meliaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
18Ba
mboom
anna
(DD018)
Bans
Poaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisjaun
dice
19Ba
rleria
prionitis
Linn
(DD019)
Vajra
danti
Acanthaceae
[Sh]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ehemorrhoidscirr
hosis
oflivervaricosev
einsand
jaun
dice
20Ba
rringtoniaacutangula(Linn)
Gaertn
(DD020)
Hijjala
Lecythidaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Snakeb
ite
21Benincasah
ispida(Th
unb)C
ogn
(DD021)
Petha
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[J][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
22Bo
erhaaviadiffu
saLinn
(DD022)
Gadahpu
rna
Nyctaginaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
International Journal of Biodiversity 5
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
23Bu
team
onosperm
a(Lam
)Ku
ntze
(DD023)
Dhak
Fabaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Enlargem
ento
fliver
inhepatitis
24Ca
lotro
pisgigantea(Linn)R
Brex
Ait
(DD024)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Hepatitiscoun
terir
ritantlaxativ
eand
syph
ilitic
affectio
n
25Ca
lotro
pisprocera
(Ait)R
Br
(DD025)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
SimilartoC
gigantea
26Ca
pparisdecid
uaEd
gew
(DD026)
Kair
Capp
aridaceae
[Sh]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Purgativea
ndhepatitis
27Ca
psicu
mfru
tescensL
(DD027)
Mirc
hSolanaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Pt]
[RW]
[O][LA]
Skin
itchesthefruitisused
totre
atdiscom
fortsa
ndcommon
ailm
ents
associated
with
pregnancy
28Ca
ricap
apayaL(D
D028)
Papita
Caric
aceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Digestantanthelm
intic
laxativetonic
nutritiveaph
rodisia
cwormicidal
activ
itycou
ghand
diureticprop
ertie
s
29Ca
ssiaa
lata
L(D
D029)
Dadmari
Fabaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Ring
worm
andscabies
stomach-acheslaxativ
eeffect
30Ca
ssiafi
stulaLinn
(DD030)
Amaltas
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[FrP]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ehepatitis
31Ca
ssiao
ccidentalis
Linn
(DD031)
Kasamarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[Sh]
[SD]
[Lf]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ecoug
h
32Ca
ssiatoraLinn
(DD032)
Chakramarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Digestiv
eupsets
33Cissa
mpelospareir
aLinn
(DD033)
Bichhu
kand
Menisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
34Clerodendrum
phlomidisLinn
f
(DD034)
Tarkari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
land
anti-inflammatory
35Crataeva
nurvalaBu
chH
am
(DD035)
Varuna
Capp
aridaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticanti-inflammatory
andantitoxic
36Cu
rculigoo
rchioidesG
aertn
(DD036)
Safedmusli
Hypoxidaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceantibacteria
lantifun
galand
leucorrhoea
37Cy
nodondactylon
(Linn)P
ers
(DD037)
Doo
bPo
aceae
[Gr]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Ascitesgeneralanasarcaantiv
iral
agentandchickenpo
x
38Cy
perusrotun
dusL
inn
(DD038)lowast
Motha
Cyperaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Scariosusam
oebicd
ysentery
anti-inflammatoryantib
acteria
l
39DalbergiasissooRo
xb(DD039)
Shish
amFabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Ch
ronicfeversdiureticantibacteria
lused
forrepairo
fdam
ageo
fthe
tissues
40Desmodiumgangeticu
mDC
(DD04
0)Sharivan
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
antito
xicvomiting
and
diarrhoea
41Desmodiumtriflorum
DC
(DD041)
Teenpatti
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticand
carm
inative
42Desmostachya
bipinn
ataStapf
(DD04
2)lowast
Kusha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Stop
ping
bleeding
anti-infl
ammatory
antitoxicand
diureticand
correctin
gthetissues
6 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
43Diospyrosperegrina(G
aertn)
Gurke(DD043)
Tend
uEb
enaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Rheumatism
andulcers
44Dolich
osbiflorusL
inn
(DD04
4)Ku
lathi
Fabaceae
[Cl]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandgallsto
nes
45Ecliptaalba
(Linn)H
assk
(DD045)lowast
Bhingaraja
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
46Ecliptaprostra
taLinn
(DD04
6)Bh
ringraj
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
47Em
blica
officin
alisGaertn
(DD047)
Amala
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Metabolicdisorderslaxativ
erejuvenatio
nandhepatitis
48Eu
calyptus
globu
lusL
abill(DD04
8)Safeda
Myrtaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[RT]
Oil[D
][O
]inhalation
Antise
pticupp
errespira
tory
tract
infection
skin
diseasesand
purgative
49Ficusracem
osaLinn
(DD049)
Gular
Moraceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
50Gm
elina
arboreaRo
xb(DD050)
Gam
bhari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
eantitoxicdiuretic
and
healing
51Gy
mnemasylv
estre
Schu
lt(D
D051)
Gud
mar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Rheumatism
cou
ghdyspn
oeaulcers
andeyep
ains
52Hem
idesmus
indicusR
Br(D
D052)
Anantam
ulAs
clepiadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andantitoxic
53Hibiscus
rosa-sinensisL(D
D053)
Gurhal
Malvaceae
[Sh]
Sap
[Lf]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Boils
andsprainsasthmawou
nds
andsw
ellin
g
54Holarrhenaa
ntidysenteric
a(Linn)
Wall(D
D054)
Indrajau
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
lam
oebicd
ysentery
laxativ
eandjaun
dice
55Indigofer
atinctoriaLinn
(DD055)
Neel
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticantito
xicused
inepilepsynervou
sdiso
rdersdysuria
hepatitis
56Ipom
oead
igita
taLinn
(DD056)
Vidari
Con
volvulaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
estim
ulantanti-inflammatory
57Jasm
inum
officin
alefaffine
(DD057)
Cham
eli
Oleaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantib
acteria
l
58Jatro
phac
urcasL
inn
(DD058)
Ratanjot
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
Oil[Lt]
Oil
[LA]
Purgativeeczemaherpesitchsores
bleeding
wou
ndspilesscabies
ringw
ormand
decaying
teeth
59Juniperuscom
mun
isLinn
(D
D059)lowast
Kaiphal
Cupressaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diuretic
antibacteria
lgono
rrho
ea
drop
syanti-infl
ammatoryand
antim
icrobial
60La
wsoniainermisLinn
(DD06
0)Mehnd
iLythraceae
[Sh]
[Lf][Br]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Jaun
diceepilepsyandasthma
redu
cing
burningsm
allp
ox
anti-inflammatoryandgono
rrho
ea
61Lu
ffaacutangula(Linn)R
oxb
(DD061)
Turai
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fl]
[Fr]
[D]snuff
[O]nasal
Laxativ
ediureticpurgativ
ejaund
ice
International Journal of Biodiversity 7
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
62Lu
ffacylin
drica
(Linn)M
JR
oem
(DD062)
Ghiatarui
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
63Lu
ffaechinata
Roxb(DD063)
Bind
alCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticand
anti-
inflammatory
64Mom
ordica
charantia
Linn
(D
D06
4)Ka
rela
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Hepatitislaxativ
e
65Moringa
oleiferaLam(DD065)
Sahijana
Moringaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Anti-infl
ammatoryhealingdiuretic
laxativ
eantip
yreticantirh
eumatic
tonicdiureticcho
lagogenic
66Musap
aradisiacaLinn
(DD06
6)Ke
laMusaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eused
toaltersecretio
ntumou
rsblocked
vessels
67Ny
ctanthesarbor-tristis
Linn
(D
D067)
Harsin
gar
Oleaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Diabeteslaxativ
ediureticcholagogue
jaun
dice
68Oroxylumindicum
Vent(DD06
8)Saun
apatha
Bign
oniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Amoebicd
ysenteryjaund
iceand
antib
acteria
l
69Ph
ysalisminim
aL(D
D069)
Chirp
oti
Solanaceae
[H]
[RT]
[Lf]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Hypertension
diabetesand
malaria
70Pongam
iapinn
ata(Linn)P
ierre
(DD070)lowast
Karanj
Fabaceae
[T]
[SD]
[Pw][RW]
[O]
Herpesantib
acteria
lantim
icrobial
antifun
galandantiv
iralliver
disorderse
xtensiv
elyitislaxative
71Pterocarpu
smarsupium
Roxb
(DD071)lowastlowast
Bijayasar
Fabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Jaun
diceeleph
antia
sisleucoderm
adiarrhoeadysenteryrectalgiacoug
handgreynessof
hair
72Pu
nica
granatum
Linn
(DD072)lowast
Anar
Punicaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andvomiting
73Ra
phanus
sativ
umLinn
(DD073)
Muli
Brassic
aceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceintestin
aldisorders
74Ricin
uscommun
isLinn
(DD074)
Rend
iEu
phorbiaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Rt]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dicevira
lhepatitis
75Ro
sacentifolia
Linn
(DD075)
Gulab
Rosaceae
[Sh]
Buds
[D]
[O]
Antito
xicliver
disorderhyperacidity
laxativ
etonicantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
76Saccharumspontaneum
Linn
(D
D076)lowast
Kasha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
bleedingdisorders
77Sida
acutaBu
rmf(DD077)
Baria
raMalvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
78Sida
cordifolia
Linn
(DD078)
Bala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
79Sida
rhom
bifolia
Linn
(DD079)
Mahabala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
80Solanu
mnigrum
Linn
(DD080)
Makoi
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Usedin
liver
disordersa
ndhydrop
hobia
81Solanu
msuratte
nseB
urmf
(DD081)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
febrifugeanti-inflammatory
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
International Journal of Biodiversity 5
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
23Bu
team
onosperm
a(Lam
)Ku
ntze
(DD023)
Dhak
Fabaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Enlargem
ento
fliver
inhepatitis
24Ca
lotro
pisgigantea(Linn)R
Brex
Ait
(DD024)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Hepatitiscoun
terir
ritantlaxativ
eand
syph
ilitic
affectio
n
25Ca
lotro
pisprocera
(Ait)R
Br
(DD025)
Madar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Sh]
[Lt]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
SimilartoC
gigantea
26Ca
pparisdecid
uaEd
gew
(DD026)
Kair
Capp
aridaceae
[Sh]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Purgativea
ndhepatitis
27Ca
psicu
mfru
tescensL
(DD027)
Mirc
hSolanaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Pt]
[RW]
[O][LA]
Skin
itchesthefruitisused
totre
atdiscom
fortsa
ndcommon
ailm
ents
associated
with
pregnancy
28Ca
ricap
apayaL(D
D028)
Papita
Caric
aceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Digestantanthelm
intic
laxativetonic
nutritiveaph
rodisia
cwormicidal
activ
itycou
ghand
diureticprop
ertie
s
29Ca
ssiaa
lata
L(D
D029)
Dadmari
Fabaceae
[H]
[Lf]
[Pt]
[LA]
Ring
worm
andscabies
stomach-acheslaxativ
eeffect
30Ca
ssiafi
stulaLinn
(DD030)
Amaltas
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[FrP]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ehepatitis
31Ca
ssiao
ccidentalis
Linn
(DD031)
Kasamarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[Sh]
[SD]
[Lf]
[Pw]
[O]
Laxativ
ecoug
h
32Ca
ssiatoraLinn
(DD032)
Chakramarda
Caesalpiniaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Digestiv
eupsets
33Cissa
mpelospareir
aLinn
(DD033)
Bichhu
kand
Menisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
34Clerodendrum
phlomidisLinn
f
(DD034)
Tarkari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
land
anti-inflammatory
35Crataeva
nurvalaBu
chH
am
(DD035)
Varuna
Capp
aridaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticanti-inflammatory
andantitoxic
36Cu
rculigoo
rchioidesG
aertn
(DD036)
Safedmusli
Hypoxidaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceantibacteria
lantifun
galand
leucorrhoea
37Cy
nodondactylon
(Linn)P
ers
(DD037)
Doo
bPo
aceae
[Gr]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Ascitesgeneralanasarcaantiv
iral
agentandchickenpo
x
38Cy
perusrotun
dusL
inn
(DD038)lowast
Motha
Cyperaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Scariosusam
oebicd
ysentery
anti-inflammatoryantib
acteria
l
39DalbergiasissooRo
xb(DD039)
Shish
amFabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Ch
ronicfeversdiureticantibacteria
lused
forrepairo
fdam
ageo
fthe
tissues
40Desmodiumgangeticu
mDC
(DD04
0)Sharivan
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
antito
xicvomiting
and
diarrhoea
41Desmodiumtriflorum
DC
(DD041)
Teenpatti
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediureticand
carm
inative
42Desmostachya
bipinn
ataStapf
(DD04
2)lowast
Kusha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Stop
ping
bleeding
anti-infl
ammatory
antitoxicand
diureticand
correctin
gthetissues
6 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
43Diospyrosperegrina(G
aertn)
Gurke(DD043)
Tend
uEb
enaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Rheumatism
andulcers
44Dolich
osbiflorusL
inn
(DD04
4)Ku
lathi
Fabaceae
[Cl]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandgallsto
nes
45Ecliptaalba
(Linn)H
assk
(DD045)lowast
Bhingaraja
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
46Ecliptaprostra
taLinn
(DD04
6)Bh
ringraj
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
47Em
blica
officin
alisGaertn
(DD047)
Amala
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Metabolicdisorderslaxativ
erejuvenatio
nandhepatitis
48Eu
calyptus
globu
lusL
abill(DD04
8)Safeda
Myrtaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[RT]
Oil[D
][O
]inhalation
Antise
pticupp
errespira
tory
tract
infection
skin
diseasesand
purgative
49Ficusracem
osaLinn
(DD049)
Gular
Moraceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
50Gm
elina
arboreaRo
xb(DD050)
Gam
bhari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
eantitoxicdiuretic
and
healing
51Gy
mnemasylv
estre
Schu
lt(D
D051)
Gud
mar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Rheumatism
cou
ghdyspn
oeaulcers
andeyep
ains
52Hem
idesmus
indicusR
Br(D
D052)
Anantam
ulAs
clepiadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andantitoxic
53Hibiscus
rosa-sinensisL(D
D053)
Gurhal
Malvaceae
[Sh]
Sap
[Lf]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Boils
andsprainsasthmawou
nds
andsw
ellin
g
54Holarrhenaa
ntidysenteric
a(Linn)
Wall(D
D054)
Indrajau
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
lam
oebicd
ysentery
laxativ
eandjaun
dice
55Indigofer
atinctoriaLinn
(DD055)
Neel
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticantito
xicused
inepilepsynervou
sdiso
rdersdysuria
hepatitis
56Ipom
oead
igita
taLinn
(DD056)
Vidari
Con
volvulaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
estim
ulantanti-inflammatory
57Jasm
inum
officin
alefaffine
(DD057)
Cham
eli
Oleaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantib
acteria
l
58Jatro
phac
urcasL
inn
(DD058)
Ratanjot
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
Oil[Lt]
Oil
[LA]
Purgativeeczemaherpesitchsores
bleeding
wou
ndspilesscabies
ringw
ormand
decaying
teeth
59Juniperuscom
mun
isLinn
(D
D059)lowast
Kaiphal
Cupressaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diuretic
antibacteria
lgono
rrho
ea
drop
syanti-infl
ammatoryand
antim
icrobial
60La
wsoniainermisLinn
(DD06
0)Mehnd
iLythraceae
[Sh]
[Lf][Br]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Jaun
diceepilepsyandasthma
redu
cing
burningsm
allp
ox
anti-inflammatoryandgono
rrho
ea
61Lu
ffaacutangula(Linn)R
oxb
(DD061)
Turai
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fl]
[Fr]
[D]snuff
[O]nasal
Laxativ
ediureticpurgativ
ejaund
ice
International Journal of Biodiversity 7
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
62Lu
ffacylin
drica
(Linn)M
JR
oem
(DD062)
Ghiatarui
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
63Lu
ffaechinata
Roxb(DD063)
Bind
alCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticand
anti-
inflammatory
64Mom
ordica
charantia
Linn
(D
D06
4)Ka
rela
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Hepatitislaxativ
e
65Moringa
oleiferaLam(DD065)
Sahijana
Moringaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Anti-infl
ammatoryhealingdiuretic
laxativ
eantip
yreticantirh
eumatic
tonicdiureticcho
lagogenic
66Musap
aradisiacaLinn
(DD06
6)Ke
laMusaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eused
toaltersecretio
ntumou
rsblocked
vessels
67Ny
ctanthesarbor-tristis
Linn
(D
D067)
Harsin
gar
Oleaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Diabeteslaxativ
ediureticcholagogue
jaun
dice
68Oroxylumindicum
Vent(DD06
8)Saun
apatha
Bign
oniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Amoebicd
ysenteryjaund
iceand
antib
acteria
l
69Ph
ysalisminim
aL(D
D069)
Chirp
oti
Solanaceae
[H]
[RT]
[Lf]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Hypertension
diabetesand
malaria
70Pongam
iapinn
ata(Linn)P
ierre
(DD070)lowast
Karanj
Fabaceae
[T]
[SD]
[Pw][RW]
[O]
Herpesantib
acteria
lantim
icrobial
antifun
galandantiv
iralliver
disorderse
xtensiv
elyitislaxative
71Pterocarpu
smarsupium
Roxb
(DD071)lowastlowast
Bijayasar
Fabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Jaun
diceeleph
antia
sisleucoderm
adiarrhoeadysenteryrectalgiacoug
handgreynessof
hair
72Pu
nica
granatum
Linn
(DD072)lowast
Anar
Punicaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andvomiting
73Ra
phanus
sativ
umLinn
(DD073)
Muli
Brassic
aceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceintestin
aldisorders
74Ricin
uscommun
isLinn
(DD074)
Rend
iEu
phorbiaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Rt]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dicevira
lhepatitis
75Ro
sacentifolia
Linn
(DD075)
Gulab
Rosaceae
[Sh]
Buds
[D]
[O]
Antito
xicliver
disorderhyperacidity
laxativ
etonicantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
76Saccharumspontaneum
Linn
(D
D076)lowast
Kasha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
bleedingdisorders
77Sida
acutaBu
rmf(DD077)
Baria
raMalvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
78Sida
cordifolia
Linn
(DD078)
Bala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
79Sida
rhom
bifolia
Linn
(DD079)
Mahabala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
80Solanu
mnigrum
Linn
(DD080)
Makoi
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Usedin
liver
disordersa
ndhydrop
hobia
81Solanu
msuratte
nseB
urmf
(DD081)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
febrifugeanti-inflammatory
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
6 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
43Diospyrosperegrina(G
aertn)
Gurke(DD043)
Tend
uEb
enaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Rheumatism
andulcers
44Dolich
osbiflorusL
inn
(DD04
4)Ku
lathi
Fabaceae
[Cl]
[SD]
[Pw]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandgallsto
nes
45Ecliptaalba
(Linn)H
assk
(DD045)lowast
Bhingaraja
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
46Ecliptaprostra
taLinn
(DD04
6)Bh
ringraj
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Anaem
iajaund
icelaxativ
eand
stim
ulantdiureticemeticand
stimulanto
fbon
emarrow
47Em
blica
officin
alisGaertn
(DD047)
Amala
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Metabolicdisorderslaxativ
erejuvenatio
nandhepatitis
48Eu
calyptus
globu
lusL
abill(DD04
8)Safeda
Myrtaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[RT]
Oil[D
][O
]inhalation
Antise
pticupp
errespira
tory
tract
infection
skin
diseasesand
purgative
49Ficusracem
osaLinn
(DD049)
Gular
Moraceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
50Gm
elina
arboreaRo
xb(DD050)
Gam
bhari
Verbenaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
eantitoxicdiuretic
and
healing
51Gy
mnemasylv
estre
Schu
lt(D
D051)
Gud
mar
Ascle
piadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Rheumatism
cou
ghdyspn
oeaulcers
andeyep
ains
52Hem
idesmus
indicusR
Br(D
D052)
Anantam
ulAs
clepiadaceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andantitoxic
53Hibiscus
rosa-sinensisL(D
D053)
Gurhal
Malvaceae
[Sh]
Sap
[Lf]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Boils
andsprainsasthmawou
nds
andsw
ellin
g
54Holarrhenaa
ntidysenteric
a(Linn)
Wall(D
D054)
Indrajau
Apocyn
aceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antibacteria
lam
oebicd
ysentery
laxativ
eandjaun
dice
55Indigofer
atinctoriaLinn
(DD055)
Neel
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticantito
xicused
inepilepsynervou
sdiso
rdersdysuria
hepatitis
56Ipom
oead
igita
taLinn
(DD056)
Vidari
Con
volvulaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
estim
ulantanti-inflammatory
57Jasm
inum
officin
alefaffine
(DD057)
Cham
eli
Oleaceae
[Sh]
[Lf]
[D][RW]
[O]
Antito
xica
ndantib
acteria
l
58Jatro
phac
urcasL
inn
(DD058)
Ratanjot
Euph
orbiaceae
[T]
Oil[Lt]
Oil
[LA]
Purgativeeczemaherpesitchsores
bleeding
wou
ndspilesscabies
ringw
ormand
decaying
teeth
59Juniperuscom
mun
isLinn
(D
D059)lowast
Kaiphal
Cupressaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diuretic
antibacteria
lgono
rrho
ea
drop
syanti-infl
ammatoryand
antim
icrobial
60La
wsoniainermisLinn
(DD06
0)Mehnd
iLythraceae
[Sh]
[Lf][Br]
[D][Pt]
[O][LA]
Jaun
diceepilepsyandasthma
redu
cing
burningsm
allp
ox
anti-inflammatoryandgono
rrho
ea
61Lu
ffaacutangula(Linn)R
oxb
(DD061)
Turai
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fl]
[Fr]
[D]snuff
[O]nasal
Laxativ
ediureticpurgativ
ejaund
ice
International Journal of Biodiversity 7
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
62Lu
ffacylin
drica
(Linn)M
JR
oem
(DD062)
Ghiatarui
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
63Lu
ffaechinata
Roxb(DD063)
Bind
alCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticand
anti-
inflammatory
64Mom
ordica
charantia
Linn
(D
D06
4)Ka
rela
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Hepatitislaxativ
e
65Moringa
oleiferaLam(DD065)
Sahijana
Moringaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Anti-infl
ammatoryhealingdiuretic
laxativ
eantip
yreticantirh
eumatic
tonicdiureticcho
lagogenic
66Musap
aradisiacaLinn
(DD06
6)Ke
laMusaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eused
toaltersecretio
ntumou
rsblocked
vessels
67Ny
ctanthesarbor-tristis
Linn
(D
D067)
Harsin
gar
Oleaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Diabeteslaxativ
ediureticcholagogue
jaun
dice
68Oroxylumindicum
Vent(DD06
8)Saun
apatha
Bign
oniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Amoebicd
ysenteryjaund
iceand
antib
acteria
l
69Ph
ysalisminim
aL(D
D069)
Chirp
oti
Solanaceae
[H]
[RT]
[Lf]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Hypertension
diabetesand
malaria
70Pongam
iapinn
ata(Linn)P
ierre
(DD070)lowast
Karanj
Fabaceae
[T]
[SD]
[Pw][RW]
[O]
Herpesantib
acteria
lantim
icrobial
antifun
galandantiv
iralliver
disorderse
xtensiv
elyitislaxative
71Pterocarpu
smarsupium
Roxb
(DD071)lowastlowast
Bijayasar
Fabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Jaun
diceeleph
antia
sisleucoderm
adiarrhoeadysenteryrectalgiacoug
handgreynessof
hair
72Pu
nica
granatum
Linn
(DD072)lowast
Anar
Punicaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andvomiting
73Ra
phanus
sativ
umLinn
(DD073)
Muli
Brassic
aceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceintestin
aldisorders
74Ricin
uscommun
isLinn
(DD074)
Rend
iEu
phorbiaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Rt]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dicevira
lhepatitis
75Ro
sacentifolia
Linn
(DD075)
Gulab
Rosaceae
[Sh]
Buds
[D]
[O]
Antito
xicliver
disorderhyperacidity
laxativ
etonicantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
76Saccharumspontaneum
Linn
(D
D076)lowast
Kasha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
bleedingdisorders
77Sida
acutaBu
rmf(DD077)
Baria
raMalvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
78Sida
cordifolia
Linn
(DD078)
Bala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
79Sida
rhom
bifolia
Linn
(DD079)
Mahabala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
80Solanu
mnigrum
Linn
(DD080)
Makoi
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Usedin
liver
disordersa
ndhydrop
hobia
81Solanu
msuratte
nseB
urmf
(DD081)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
febrifugeanti-inflammatory
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
International Journal of Biodiversity 7
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
62Lu
ffacylin
drica
(Linn)M
JR
oem
(DD062)
Ghiatarui
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
63Lu
ffaechinata
Roxb(DD063)
Bind
alCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Purgativediureticand
anti-
inflammatory
64Mom
ordica
charantia
Linn
(D
D06
4)Ka
rela
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Hepatitislaxativ
e
65Moringa
oleiferaLam(DD065)
Sahijana
Moringaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Anti-infl
ammatoryhealingdiuretic
laxativ
eantip
yreticantirh
eumatic
tonicdiureticcho
lagogenic
66Musap
aradisiacaLinn
(DD06
6)Ke
laMusaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[Lt]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eused
toaltersecretio
ntumou
rsblocked
vessels
67Ny
ctanthesarbor-tristis
Linn
(D
D067)
Harsin
gar
Oleaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D]
[O]
Diabeteslaxativ
ediureticcholagogue
jaun
dice
68Oroxylumindicum
Vent(DD06
8)Saun
apatha
Bign
oniaceae
[T]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Amoebicd
ysenteryjaund
iceand
antib
acteria
l
69Ph
ysalisminim
aL(D
D069)
Chirp
oti
Solanaceae
[H]
[RT]
[Lf]
[Fr]
[D]
[O]
Hypertension
diabetesand
malaria
70Pongam
iapinn
ata(Linn)P
ierre
(DD070)lowast
Karanj
Fabaceae
[T]
[SD]
[Pw][RW]
[O]
Herpesantib
acteria
lantim
icrobial
antifun
galandantiv
iralliver
disorderse
xtensiv
elyitislaxative
71Pterocarpu
smarsupium
Roxb
(DD071)lowastlowast
Bijayasar
Fabaceae
[T]
[HtW
][D
][O
]Jaun
diceeleph
antia
sisleucoderm
adiarrhoeadysenteryrectalgiacoug
handgreynessof
hair
72Pu
nica
granatum
Linn
(DD072)lowast
Anar
Punicaceae
[Sh]
[Fr]
[D][RW]
[O]
Jaun
dice
andvomiting
73Ra
phanus
sativ
umLinn
(DD073)
Muli
Brassic
aceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
diceintestin
aldisorders
74Ricin
uscommun
isLinn
(DD074)
Rend
iEu
phorbiaceae
[H]
[SD]
[Rt]
[D]
[O]
Jaun
dicevira
lhepatitis
75Ro
sacentifolia
Linn
(DD075)
Gulab
Rosaceae
[Sh]
Buds
[D]
[O]
Antito
xicliver
disorderhyperacidity
laxativ
etonicantitoxiccorrectingthe
digestives
ystem
76Saccharumspontaneum
Linn
(D
D076)lowast
Kasha
Poaceae
[Gr]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
bleedingdisorders
77Sida
acutaBu
rmf(DD077)
Baria
raMalvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
78Sida
cordifolia
Linn
(DD078)
Bala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
79Sida
rhom
bifolia
Linn
(DD079)
Mahabala
Malvaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
jaund
iceandtonic
80Solanu
mnigrum
Linn
(DD080)
Makoi
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Usedin
liver
disordersa
ndhydrop
hobia
81Solanu
msuratte
nseB
urmf
(DD081)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
febrifugeanti-inflammatory
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
8 International Journal of Biodiversity
Table2Con
tinued
Seria
lnu
mber
Plantn
ame
Localn
ame
Family
Habit
Part
used
Preparation
Routeo
fadministratio
nAilm
entsuses
82Solanu
mtorvum
Sw(DD082)
Choti
Bhatkatta
iya
Solanaceae
[H]
[WP]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
digestiv
eliverand
spleen
enlargem
ent
83Sphaeranthus
indicusL
inn
(DD083)lowast
Gorakhm
undi
Asteraceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Laxativ
ediuretic
84Tamarindu
sind
icaLinn
(DD084)
Caesalpiniaceae
[T]
[Lf]
[D][J]
[O]
Jaun
diceanti-infl
ammatory
85Tephrosia
purpurea
(Linn)P
ers
(DD085)
Sharpu
nkha
Fabaceae
[H]
[WP]
[D]
[O]
Viralh
epatitis
86Term
inaliaarjuna
(Roxb)W
and
A
(DD086)
Arju
naCom
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[Br]
[D][RW]
[O]
Diureticjaund
ice
87Term
inaliabelliric
aRo
xb(DD087)
Baheda
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
88Term
inaliachebulaRe
tz(DD088)
Harre
Com
bretaceae
[T]
[Fr]
[D][Pw]
[O]
Hepatitis
89Tinosporac
ordifolia
(Willd)M
iers
exHoo
kfandTh
oms(D
D089)
Gilo
yMenisp
ermaceae
[Cl]
[St]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisantic
ancerous
90Tribulus
terrestrisL
inn
(DD090)
Gok
hru
Zygoph
yllaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Diuretic
andanti-inflammatory
91Trich
osanthesanguinaLinn
(D
D091)
Purw
ulCu
curbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitis
92Trich
osanthescordataRo
xb
(DD092)
Ilaru
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Hepatitisa
ndabdo
minaldisorders
93Trich
osanthescucumerinaL
(DD093)
Jang
aliP
arvala
Cucurbita
ceae
[Cl]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Antivira
lalop
eciaantipyreticand
liver
tonic
94Ur
ariapictaDesv(D
D094)lowast
Shankaraja
Fabaceae
[H]
[RT]
[D]
[O]
Enhances
healingcoug
hcoldfevers
laxativ
eanddiuretic
95Vetiv
eriazizanioides(Linn
)Nash
(DD095)
Khu
sKhu
sPo
aceae
[Gr]
[Lf]
Oil
[O]
Perfum
eryanthelmintic
agentand
analgesic
96Vitis
quadrangularis(D
D096)
Hathjod
Vitaceae
[Cl]
[WP]
[J]
[O]
Wou
ndhealing
97WoodfordiafruticosaKu
rz
(DD097)lowast
Dhataki
Lythraceae
[Sh]
[Fl]
[Br]
[D]
[O]
Antito
xic
98Zizip
husn
ummularia(Burmf)W
andA(DD098)
Jharber
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
skin
disorders
99Zizip
hussativa(D
D099)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Laxativ
eand
antip
yretic
100
Zizyphus
jujuba
Lamk(D
D100)
Beri
Rham
naceae
[T]
[Fr]
[RW]
[O]
Diarrheafeverandbloo
dpu
rifier
[Cl]
climber[G
r]grass[H]herb[Sh
]shrub[T]tre
e[Br]bark[Fl]
flower[Fr]fruit[Lf]leaf[Rh]rhizome[RT]roo
t[SD]seed[WP]w
holeplant[Lt]
latex[FrP]fruitPu
lp[Rt
Br]root
bark[HtW
]heartw
ood
[D]decoction
[RW]raw[J]
juice[Pt]
paste
[Pw
]po
wder[LA]localapp
lication
[O]oralroute(Th
eim
ages
ofim
portantp
lantsw
ereprovided
asSupp
lementary
Materialavailableon
lineat
httpdx
doiorg10
11552015394307)
lowast
Leastcon
cern
plant
lowastlowast
Vulnerableplant
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
International Journal of Biodiversity 9
Buds1
Oil 1
Heart wood2 Rhizome
2
Stem2
Flower2
Seed 4
Latex 4
Bark 15
Leaves16Whole plants
17
Roots17
Fruit17
Figure 4 Distribution of part used
Snuff1
Oil 2
Juice4
Paste5
Powder7
Raw17
Decoction64
Figure 5 Distribution of mode of preparation
of informants so as per their request this information is notincluded in the present paper
Themajority of informant reported that decoction (64)is the first choice for administration as it can be given withsugar Another common method of preparation was raw(17) followed by powder (7) paste (5) juice (4) andoil (1) (Figure 5)The decoction was obtained by boiling theplant material with water and reduced to one-fourth amountMost of the drugs are given by oral route (91) Directapplication of paste (with oil) ormedicated oil (7) (Figure 6)is generally done for skin diseases and wounds Most of themedicineswere taken orallywhich is in conformitywith someother studies conducted somewhere else [1 6 39]
There are about 13 species which were found to be underred list but out of thirteen only one plant is under vulnerablecategory and the rest are of the least concern [40]
1 1
7
91
InhalationNasal
LocalOral
Figure 6 Distribution of route of administration
7 Conclusion
Herbs are always considered as a very important source ofmedicine especially for the population of the rural areas andtribes because of the high cost and difficult accessibility tomodern medicine This study was conducted in ChandraPrabha Wildlife Sanctuary of Chandauli district in thesouth eastern division of Uttar Pradesh where inadequateethnobotanical surveys on medicinal plants were conductedOur findings demonstrated that the area is rich in biodiversityand ethnobotanical tradition About 100 plants belonging to43 families are used by the local communities including thetribal and local healers The plant species with the highestfidelity level (Fl) were Holarrhena antidysenterica Lawsoniainermis Gymnema sylvestre Dalbergia sissoo Cassia fistulaLinn Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze Boerhaavia dif-fusa Linn Albizia lebbeck Benth Aegle marmelos CorreaSphaeranthus indicus Linn and Solanum surattense Burm fThemost frequent ailments reported were hepatitis jaundiceconstipation and skin and urinary problems The parts ofthe plants most frequently used were fruit roots and wholeplants (17) followed by leaves (16) and bark (15)
Traditional knowledge of the area is greatly affected due tomodernization and other factors and there is an urgent needto protect the cultural heritage and traditional knowledgeof the natives by justifying the therapeutic potential andbiological activities of the plants with reported scientificmethods Also there is a need for special attention to thepotential plants of the area which are on the verge ofextinction by excessive deforestation and development
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to declare
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
10 International Journal of Biodiversity
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely would like to acknowledge the peopleliving in Jamsoti andMatihani villages for their contributionto this study hospitality and kindness They wish to expresstheir sincere thanks to Mr S N Upadhayay (Forest OfficerChandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary) for providing valuableinformationThey wish to express their heartiest gratitude toMr Dulare for his translation assistance Also they would liketo thank Mr Dulare and Mr D D Singh for their kind helpto reach the remote areas
References
[1] K Poonam andG S Singh ldquoEthnobotanical study of medicinalplants used by the Taungya community in Terai Arc LandscapeIndiardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 123 no 1 pp 167ndash1762009
[2] S K Pandey and R P Shukla ldquoPlant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Gaertn) forests of Gorakhpur India speciescomposition regeneration and conservationrdquo Biodiversity ampConservation vol 12 no 11 pp 2295ndash2319 2003
[3] R L Semwal ldquoThe terai arc landscape in Indiardquo in SecuringProtected Areas in the Face of Global Change World Wide Fundfor Nature New Delhi India 2005
[4] C P Kala P P Dhyani and B S Sajwan ldquoDeveloping themedicinal plants sector in northern India challenges andopportunitiesrdquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol2 article 32 2006
[5] V K Singh Z Anwar Ali andM K Siddiqui ldquoMedicinal plantsused by the forest ethnics ofGorakhpur district (Uttar Pradesh)Indiardquo International Journal of Pharmacognosy vol 35 no 3 pp194ndash206 1997
[6] A Singh G S Singh and P K Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotanicalinventory of Renukoot forest division of district SonbhadraUttar Pradesh Indiardquo Indian Journal of Natural Products andResources vol 3 no 3 pp 448ndash457 2012
[7] P K Singh V Kumar R K Tiwari A Sharma C V Rao andR H Singh ldquoMedico-ethnobotany of lsquoChatararsquo block of districtSonebhadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Advanced Biology Researchvol 4 no 1 pp 65ndash80 2010
[8] P K Singh R K Tiwari and R H Singh ldquoMedicinal plantsused by tribal inhabitants of lsquoNagwarsquo block of district Soneb-hadra Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Vegetos vol 23 no 2 pp 86ndash1042010
[9] N C Shah ldquoHerbal folk medicines in northern Indiardquo Journalof Ethnopharmacology vol 6 no 3 pp 293ndash307 1982
[10] V K Singh and Z Anwar Ali ldquoFolk medicines of aligarh (UttarPradesh) Indiardquo Fitoterapia vol 60 no 6 pp 483ndash490 1989
[11] R S Dixit and H C Pandey ldquoPlants used as folk medicinesin Jhansi and Lalitpur sections of Bundelkhand Uttar PradeshIndiardquo International Journal of Crude Drug Research vol 22 pp47ndash57 1984
[12] A Tomar ldquoFolk medicinal uses of plant roots fromMeerut dis-trict Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledgevol 8 no 2 pp 298ndash301 2009
[13] Prachi N Chauhan D Kumar and M S Kasana ldquoMedicinalplants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinarytract and kidney stonesrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 8 no 2 pp 191ndash195 2009
[14] A Kumar S Y Agarwal A Singh and D Desh ldquoMedico-botanical study of some weeds growing in Moradabad districtof western Uttar Pradesh in Indiardquo Indian Journal of ScientificResearch vol 3 no 1 pp 107ndash111 2012
[15] U Singh and SNarain ldquoTraditional treatment of leucodermabyKol tribes of Vindhyan region of Uttar Pradeshrdquo Indian Journalof Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 173ndash174 2010
[16] A KVermaMKumar andRW Bussmann ldquoMedicinal plantsin an urban environment the medicinal flora of Banares HinduUniversity Varanasi Uttar Pradeshrdquo Journal of Ethnobiologyand Ethnomedicine vol 3 article 35 2007
[17] M P Singh J Narayan andTN Singh ldquoConservation of highlyexploited medicinal plants of Vindhyam range (UP)rdquo IndianJournal of Science and Technology vol 1 no 2 pp 55ndash56 2012
[18] A Singh and P K Singh ldquoAn ethnobotanical study ofmedicinalplants in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh Indiardquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 121 no 2 pp 324ndash329 2009
[19] M Parinitha G U Harish N C Vivek T Mahesh andM B Shivanna ldquoEthno-botanical wealth of Bhadra wild lifesanctuary in Karnataka Parinithardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 3 no 1 pp 37ndash50 2004
[20] G Benarjee K Srikanth G Ramu and K Narasimha RamululdquoEthnozoological study in a tropical wildlife sanctuary of Etu-runagaram in the Warangal district Andhra Pradeshrdquo IndianJournal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 4 pp 701ndash704 2010
[21] K V Ratnam and R R V Raju ldquoFolk remedies for insectbites from GundlabrahmeswaramWild Life Sanctuary AndhraPradeshrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 7 no 3pp 436ndash437 2008
[22] S P Rothe ldquoEthnomedicinal plants from Katepurna wildlifesanctuary of Akola Districtrdquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 2 no 4 pp 378ndash382 2003
[23] K Yesodharan and K A Sujana ldquoEthnomedicinal knowledgeamong malamalasar tribe of parambikulam wildlife SanctuaryKeralardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 6 no 3pp 481ndash485 2007
[24] M S Rana and S S Samant ldquoDiversity indigenous uses andconservation status of medicinal plants in manali wildlife sanc-tuary North Western Himalayardquo Indian Journal of TraditionalKnowledge vol 10 no 3 pp 439ndash459 2011
[25] M N Alexiades Selected Guidelines for EthnobotanicalResearch A Field Manual The New York Botanical GardenBronx NY USA 1996
[26] G J Martin Ethnobotany A Methods Manual EarthscanPublications London UK 2004
[27] G J Martin Ethnobotany A ldquoPeople and Plantsrdquo ConservationManual Chapman and Hall London UK 1995
[28] S K Jain and R R Rao A Handbook of Field and HerbariumMethods Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishers NewDelhi India 1977
[29] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants vol 1ndash4Periodical Experts Delhi India 1975
[30] J DHookerTheFlora of British India Reprinted by Bishen SinghMahendra Pal Singh vol 1ndash7 Dehradun and Periodical ExpertsNew Delhi India 1973
[31] S K Jain and R A DeFilippsMedicinal Plant of India vol 1-2Reference Publications Inc Algonac Mich USA 1991
[32] Anonymous The International Plant Names Index 2008httpwwwipniorg
[33] A A Aiyeloja and O A Bello ldquoEthnobotanical potentials ofcommon herbs in Nigeria a case study of Enugu staterdquoEducational Research and Reviews vol 1 pp 16ndash22 2006
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
International Journal of Biodiversity 11
[34] CMuthuM Ayyanar N Raja and S Ignacimuthu ldquoMedicinalplants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District ofTamil Nadu Indiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinevol 2 article 43 2006
[35] K Ramakrishnappa ldquoImpact of cultivation and gathering ofmedicinal plants on biodiversity case studies from Indiardquo inBiodiversity and Ecosystem Approaches in Agriculture Forestryand Fisheries Proceedings FAO Inter-Departmental WorkingGroup on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture pp171ndash189 FAO Rome Italy 2002
[36] G S Singh ldquoUtility of non-timber forest products in a smallwatershed in the Indian Himalayas the threat of its degrada-tionrdquo Natural Resources Forum vol 23 no 1 pp 65ndash77 1999
[37] R S Chaudhary ldquoTaxa of family fabaceae a potential oflocal medicinal values in vindhya region Uttar Pradesh IndiardquoInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol 1 no 4article 118 pp B46ndashB53 2010
[38] R K Anand M P Singh S V Dwivedi S Ram and N KhareldquoEthnobotanical study of trees found in District SonbhadraUttar Pradeshrdquo Technofame vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash5 2013
[39] T H Bekalo S D Woodmatas and Z A Woldemariam ldquoAnethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local peoplein the lowlands of Konta Special Woreda southern nationsnationalities and peoples regional state Ethiopiardquo Journal ofEthnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 5 article 26 2009
[40] The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species Version 20143 2015httpwwwiucnredlistorg
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Anatomy Research International
PeptidesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom
International Journal of
Volume 2014
Zoology
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Molecular Biology International
GenomicsInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioinformaticsAdvances in
Marine BiologyJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Signal TransductionJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
BioMed Research International
Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Biochemistry Research International
ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Genetics Research International
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Virolog y
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Nucleic AcidsJournal of
Volume 2014
Stem CellsInternational
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Enzyme Research
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Microbiology