REOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD
Reology
• Reology is the about the flowing of blood.
• Reology is a strong friction which arise in the case of fluids’ layers moving with the different speed.
• Blood is the fluid tissue of inner environment of body, which consists of plasma, formed elements and cells.
Physical and chemical properties of blood
• Quantity of blood in adults is 6-8 %
• - in newborns – 15 %
Physical and chemical properties of blood
• Density of blood in adult is 1,055-1,060 g/sм3, plasma – 1,025-1,034 g/sм3.
• In newborns density is higher, than in adult.
Viscosity of blood
• Viscosity of blood determine by resistance, which is present in the case of moving the layers
• of blood. • In adult viscosity of blood is near 5,
viscosity of plasma is 1,5-1,7. • In newborns viscosity is higher, than in
adult.
Hematocrit
Оsmotic pressure• Оsmotic pressure determine by concentration of
salts. It helps to support concentration of different substances on constant level.
• Hypertonic solution is solution with osmotic pressure higher than osmotic pressure in the cell.
• Hypotonic solution is solution with osmotic pressure less than osmotic pressure in the cell.
• Isotonic solution is solution with the same osmotic pressure that in the cell.
• Оsmotic pressure of blood is 285-310 мосm/l.
Factors, which determines rheological peculiarities of blood
• For plasma: viscosity, chemical substances, pH.
• For erythrocytes: possibility to deform, to aggregate.
Form elements, cells.
• Erythrocytes: in males is 4,0-5,1 Т/l,
• In females – 3,7-4,7 Т/l,
• In newborn is (5,9-6,7)•1012/l or 5,9-6,7 Т/l.
• Leukocytes: in adult is (4-9)•109/l or 4-9 G/l, in newborn is (16,7-30,0)•109/l or 16,7-30,0 G/l.
• Platelets are the same in adult and children (180-320)•109/l or 180-320 G/l.
Proteins of plasma
• At norm it 65-85 g/l of proteins. • In newborn it less concentration. • Albumins is 35-50 g/l. In newborn it less concentration. • Globulins are:• α1 globulins – 1-4 г/л
• α2 globulins – 4-8 г/л• β globulins – 6-12 г/л• γ globulins – 8-16 г/л• Concentration of γ globulins is higher in newborn.• Fibrinogen is 2-4 g/l.
Erythrocytes speed sedimentation(ESS)
• Erythrocytes speed sedimentation in male is 2-10 mm per hour, in female is 2-15 mm per hour, in newborn is 1-2 mm per hour.
ESS
Factors, which determinate erythrocytes speed sedimentation
• 1. erythrocytes’:• а) quantity of erythrocytes: in case of erythrocytes
increase ESS decrease;• б) size of erythrocytes: increase volume – increase ESS;• в) hemoglobin: less quantity less ESS;• г) electrical charge of erythrocytes: less of negative
charge lead to increase of ESS.• Plasma’:• а) increase of globulins – increase ESS;• б) increase of fibrinogen – increase ESS;• в) increase of cholesterol increase ESS;• г) increase of рН (>7.45) increase ESS.
Hemolysis of erythrocytes
• Hemolysis of erythrocytes is the process of breaking the erythrocytes and hemoglobin go out from erythrocytes.
• There are 2 kinds of erythrocytes: physiological and pathological.
• It can be osmotic, mechanical, termical, chemical, biological.
Period of blood poises in fetus
• 1. Extra embryo
• 2. Liver
• 3. Bone marrow
Role of vessels endothelium in support blood in the fluid condition • 1. Smooth surface of vessels endothelium. • 2. Negative charge of endotheliocytes and blood cells and
that’s why they are push away. • 3. Present on the vessels wall thin layer of fibrin which
adsorb clotting factors, especially thrombin. • 4. Constant presence in blood anticlotting factors in a
small doses. • 5. Producing by endothelium prostaciclins, which are
powerful inhibitors of platelets aggregation. • 6. Ability of endothelium to produce and fix
antithrombin-III.
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