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Renewable energy in New Zealand ニュージーランドの再生可能エネルギー事情 Presentation for International Symposium on Renewable Energy 2015 Mr. Paul Roberts, First Secretary, New Zealand Embassy in Tokyo ポール・ロバーツ ニュージーランド大使館一等書記官
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Outline 本日の発表内容
• Basic approach to renewable energy 再生可能エネルギーに対する政府の基本方針
• NZ’s current renewable energy profile 国内の再エネ事情
• Future options 今後のオプション
• NZ Energy Strategy 国のエネルギー戦略
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• Market/industry-led 市場・業界主導
• Ensuring there are no unnecessary regulatory barriers, while managing environmental and sustainability issues (e.g. through Resource Management Act) 不必要な規制障壁を取り払い、資源管理法等を通じて環境保護とサステナビリティを確保
• Investing in scientific research and facilitates market development (e.g. wood energy) 科学研究に投資、市場開拓を促進
• Direct financial incentives such as feed-in tariffs not considered necessary (since renewables currently cost-competitive) 国内の再エネにはコスト競争力あり、固定価格買取制度等は導入せず
• Emissions Trading Scheme to introduce global price of carbon in key sectors 排出量取引制度を主要セクターに導入
Government approach to renewable energy 再生可能エネルギーに対する政府の方針
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New Zealand’s TPES is 40% renewable now 再エネは、第一次エネルギー源の40%を占める
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Renewables comprise almost 40% of total primary energy supply… 第一次エネルギー源の40%
Source: MBIE. Data for 2013
…and around three-quarters of electricity generation 電力供給の約75%
2013
2013
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Current energy use by sector セクター別 エネルギー消費割合
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Current renewable energy by sector セクター別 再生可能エネルギー利用量
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New Zealand Consumer Energy (PJ)
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Electricity Transport Residential non-electricity
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Renewable Non-Renewable
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NZs Future electricity supply? これからのエネルギー供給
• More geothermal resources? • New, large, gas find in NZ?
• Significant increase in wind energy if costs fall?
• What about distributed generation such as solar photovoltaic (PV) panels?
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New technology e.g. Solar PV is still a relatively expensive option compared to generation alternatives … NZの太陽光発電は新技術のなかでも依然として割高…
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Wind Geothermal HydroOther Gas baseload CoalLignite Household Solar PV
$MWh
GWh cumulative for large renewables and price indicator line for thermals and solar
Long run marginal cost of new electricity generation options in NZ (MBIE modelling 2014)
Source: MBIE
LRMC of solar PV is currently 3-4 times that of the cheapest alternative (geothermal)
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• Renewable electricity generation in the June 2014 quarter was 78.5% up from 68.1% in June 2013, largely due to a new geothermal plant operating at full capacity
• Thermal generation was down 33% and greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation are down 32% over the same time
• Total electricity demand is currently falling, and this is the main limitation to building additional new renewable generation at the moment
• There are sufficient consented renewable generation projects to meet all demand growth to 2035
• Renewable electricity generation is not subsidised in New Zealand but fossil generation is subject to the Emissions Trading Scheme (a price on carbon)
• Geothermal energy currently appears to be the cheapest new baseload generation technology in New Zealand, at around 9 c/kWh, followed by wind and then natural gas (MBIE 2013)
• There is a target for 90% renewable electricity generation by 2025 (New Zealand Energy Strategy)
Renewable generation – progress 再エネ導入の進捗
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Renewable transport fuels 再生輸送燃料
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Transport is biggest area of potential increase in renewables for New Zealand
What role could hydrogen play by 2030, by 2050 ? 2030~50年には、水素はどんな役割を果たしているのでしょう?
Source: EECA
電気自動車 バイオ燃料
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• Sets the strategic direction for the energy
sector and the role energy will play in the New Zealand economy over the period 2011-2021
• Goal: for New Zealand to make the most of its
abundant energy potential for the benefit of all New Zealanders
• Companion to New Zealand Energy Efficiency
and Conservation Strategy 2011-2016 www.med.govt.nz/sectors-industries/energy/strategies
New Zealand Energy Strategy 2011-2021 ニュージーランド エネルギー戦略
And for those wanting more detail…. 詳細情報はこちら
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Thank you! ご清聴ありがとうございました
My contact details: [email protected]
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment: www.mbie.govt.nz