Renal SystemRenal System
•Gross structure of the kidneys cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal calyxes and pelvis, ureter. •Gross size and weight (300~400 g) of kidneys (about 0.5% of body weight)in humans
Anatomy of the KidneyAnatomy of the Kidney
The nephron is the basic unit of renal structure and functions.
Nephron
• Glomerulus• Bowman’s Capsule• Proximal Convoluted
Tubule• Loop of Henle• Distal Convoluted Tubule
Tubular Secretion and ReabsorptionTubular Secretion and Reabsorption
Role of kidneyRole of kidney
Apart from urine formation
Blood pressure from Renin production
RBC production from Erythropoietin
Combining formCombining formCyst/o--- urinary bladderUrethr/o urethraUreter/o ureterPyel/o renal pelvisNephr/o kidneyVesic/o urinary bladderRen/o kidney
Nephrolithiasis - Kidney stones (renal calculi)Nephrotic syndrome - A group of symptoms caused
by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis)
Polycystic kidneys - Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and upon the kidney
Pyelonephritis - Inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla
Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus (Bright disease)
Pathology of the Kidney
Polycystic kidneysPolycystic kidneys
Pathology of the KidneyPathology of the Kidney
Renal cell carcinoma - Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
Renal failure - Failure of the kidney to excrete urine Renal hypertension - High blood pressure resulting from
kidney disease Wilms tumor – Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring
in childhood Diabetes mellitus - Inadequate secretion or improper
utilization of insulin Anuria: abnormal condition of no urine production
Investigation Investigation Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB): X-ray image
of the kideys and urinary tract without the use of contrast.
Cystoscopy:Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): measures the
amount of urea in the blood. retrograde pyelogram (RP): x-ray film of the
urinary tract with contrast material injected via a cather into the urethra.
Urography:
Treatment proceduresTreatment proceduresDialysis: seperation of waste material from blood by
a machine.Lithotripsy: shock waves are beamed into a patient
to crush urinary tract stones.Urinary catheterization: passing of a catheter
through the urethra and bladder for drainage of urine.
Renal transplantation:
Noct (night) Olig (few) Tripsy (crushing) BUN (blood urea nitrogen) KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) UTI (urinary tract infection) CRF (chronic renal failure?, corticotropin releasing
factor?) ARF (acute renal failure?)