Download - Renaissance Art & Architecture
Renaissance Art & Architecture
The Rebirth of Classical Ideas
Background & Phases
• 1050 – 1350– Population
growth– Economic
development– City – states
• 1200 – late 1500s– Artistic
achievementBellini: Sacra Conversazione
Intellectual Development
• Humanism: Glorify Human Form & Potential
• Revival of classical antiquity
• Individualism• Secular focusTitian: Assumption of the Virgin
Renaissance Italy
• City-States• Power
People– Medici (F)– Este
(Ferrara)– Sforza (M)– Doge (V)– Pope (PS)
Florence
• Commerce / Trade
• Banking: Medici• Textile• Patronage
Renaissance Art: Techniques
• Religious >> Secular subjects
• Realistic • Perspective• Movement• Symmetry• Proportion
Ghirlandiao: Adoration of the Shepherds
Medieval v. Renaissance
• Medieval– Flat– Religious– Static
• Renaissance– 3-D– Secular / Human focus– Movement
Ghirlandaio: Angel Appearing to Zacharias
Giotto de Bondone: The Mourning of Christ
• Florentine School * Fresco * Individuals
Massaccio: Tribute Money• Florentine School * Perspective * Realism
Sandro Botticelli: Madonna of the Magnificat
• Expression Botticelli Face Emotional
• Double focal points: Crown + Book
Major Artists: Ninja Turtles!
Raphael – Michelangelo – Donatello – Leonardo
Raphael: Pope Leo X with Two Cardinals 1518 • Vatican Murals
Commissioned by Pope Julius II
• Leo X = Julius II successor
• Focal Point = Face
Raphael: The School of Athens• In the Vatican: Stanza della Signatura• Blending of Greek + Renaissance• Symmetry• Perspective• Depth• Light
Leonardo da Vinci
• Renaissance Man– Multi-talented– Anatomy,
mechanics, art, astronomy, weaponry…
• China?
Leonardo: The Last Supper
• Fresco * Symmetry * Individual Expression
Leonardo: Mona Lisa
• Symmetry• “Sfumato”
– Blur – Blend– Mystery
• The Grin
Leonardo’s Notebooks
• Vetruvian Man• Anatomy
advances painting & sculpture
Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel• M = sculptor,
painter, architect• Commissioned by
Pope Julius II 1508• Scaffold, personally
completed• Old & New
Testament reflects the Renaissance Era
Renaissance Sculpture• Classical
Realism • Free standing• Marble & Bronze• Full body, busts
& reliefs
Humanism & Individuality
• Individuality portrayed in details
Ghiberti’s Doors - Florence• 1423,
Florentine, he was only 23!
• Bronze cast + gilding
• 20 yrs N doors• 25 yrs E doors• “Creation”• Realism
Donatello’s David
• Free standing nude
• Proportion of human form
• 5’ tall, After beating Goliath
Michelangelo’s David• Marble• 16’ tall• Details• As David
decides to battle Goliath
• Classical style, details
Renaissance Architecture
• Columns• Arch• Dome• Harmony via
proportion• The Circle is key• Math!
Church & Architecture• RCC
builds to draw people
• Tells the Biblical narrative
• Visual & Symbolic
Church Architecture: Florence• Santa Maria del Fiore begun 1294 by
Arnolfo di Cambio, died 1302• Began cupola (cup shaped dome)
Church Architecture: Florence• Filippo Brunelleschi, 1418 figured out
how to complete… ever decreasing circles with ribs to bear weight
• Scaffolding upwards
Church Architecture: St. Peter’s• Michelangelo hired by Pope Paul III in 1546… worked
until death in 1564
• Inside St. Peter’s:– High Altar– Nave Ceiling
• Roman arches
– Under Dome• Single
dome with arch support
Church Architecture: Bramante’s Tempietto• Renaissance
“Greatest Architect”
• Commissioned by K+Q of Spain: Ferdinand & Isabella
• St. Peter’s death site
• Doric columns + Roman dome, 15’ diameter
Renaissance Writers Voice of Humanism
Dante Alighieri – Petrarch – Boccaccio - Castiglione
Renaissance Writers• Dante 1265-1321
– Divine Comedy Allegory
– Vernacular• Petrarch 1304-1374
– Sonnets in Italian• Boccaccio 1313-1375
– Decameron = Plague• Castiglione 1478-1529
– The Courtier = model
Northern Renaissance • Began in Flanders >> Holland• Erasmus 1466-1536: reconcile Christian character
w/ Humanism… Colloquies, Adages, new Bible A. Dűrer – Hans Holbein (Young) – van Eyck
Northern Renaissance• Dűrer (G) 1471-1528
– Woodcuts– Mass Marketing
• Holbein the Younger (G) 1497-1543
– Portraits, Henry VIII
– Expressions • Van Eyck (Flem) 1390-
1441– Oil Paint
developer– Realism possible
English Renaissance: Elizabethan Era• G. Chaucer
– Canterbury Tales: Vernacular
• Sir Th. More– Utopia: Ideal place of
virtue• Spenser
– Faerie Queen: Ode• Marlowe = plays• Shakespeare
– Comedy, tragedy, morality
Renaissance Impact• Genius of humanity all at once… why?• Changed art & architecture forever• Individualism drives future thought