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RELATIVE PRONOUNS/RELATIVE CLAUSES
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS/RELATIVE CLAUSES
Do you know the girl who is talking toTom?Who > relative pronoun
who is talking to Tom> relative clause
Give me the apple which George lay onthe table.
Which > relative pronoun which George lay on the table > relative
clause
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What color is the cat which is on the table?
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I don¶t like the table that stands in
the kitchen.
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Do you know the boy whose mother is
a nurse?
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WHO subject or object
pronoun for people
I told you about the
woman who lives next
door.
WHICH subject or object
pronoun for animals
and things
Do you see the
cat which is lying on
the roof?
WHOSE possession for people
animals and things
Do you know the
boy whose mother is
a nurse?
THAT subject or object pronoun
for people, animals and
things in defining relative
clauses (who or which are
also possible)
I don¶t like the
table t hat stands in
the kitchen.
WHICH referring to a whole
sentence
He couldn¶t
read, which surprised
me.
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How to Form Relative Clauses
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want toknow who she is and ask a friend whether heknows her. You could say:
A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know thegirl?
It would be easier with a relative clause: you putboth pieces of information into one sentence.
Start with the most important thing: Do you know the girl who is talking to
Tom?
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Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?
Subject and object pronouns cannot be
distinguished by their forms - who, which, that
are used for subject and object pronouns. You
can, however, distinguish them as follows
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb the
relative pronoun is a subject pronoun.
Subject pronouns MUST always be used. Give me the apple which is lying on the
table
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If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb
(but by a noun or pronoun) the relative pronoun is
an objec t pronoun Object pronouns can
be dropped indefining relative
clauses Give me the
apple (which) Georgeput on the table
Give me theapple George put onthe table
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Defining Relative Clauses
give detailed information
define a general term or expression
are NOT put in commas
are often used in definitions
³ A seaman is someone who works on a ship.´
object pronouns in defining relative clauses can
be dropped
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very
nice.
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The boy we met yesterday was
very nice!
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Non-Defining Relative Clauses
give additional information on something,
but do not define it
are put in commas
³Jim, who we met yesterday, is very nice.´
who/which may NOT be replaced with that
Object pronouns in non-defining relative
clauses MUST be used.
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Use the correct pronoun
This is the bank __________ was robbed.
A boy _________sister is in my class wasin the bank at that time.
The man _________robbed the bank hadtwo pistols.
He wore a mask_________made him look
like Mickey Mouse. He came with a friend_______waited
outside in the car.
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Use the correct pronoun
The people ______were in the bank were
very frightened.
A man ______mobile was ringing did notknow what to do.
A woman ______daughter was crying tried
to calm her.
The car _____the bank robbers escaped
in was orange.
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Use the correct pronoun
The robber _____mask was too big didn't
drive.
The man_____drove the car was nervous. He didn't wait at the traffic lights _____
were red.
Apolice officer______ car was parked atthe next corner stopped and arrested
them.