![Page 1: REINO FUNGI - blog.cpbedu.meblog.cpbedu.me/.../uploads/sites/273/2018/03/Reino-Fungi-TOP.pdfos fungos Amanita (alucinógeno) Amanita (alucinógeno) Tuber (trufas) Champignon Orelha](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022022112/5c63bb6009d3f223328b9429/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REINO FUNGI
Amanita muscarina
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I. Características gerais:
. Heterótrofos (aclorofilados).
. Não apresentam tecidos verdadeiros – pletênquima.
. Produção de esporos – enfrentar condições desfavoráveis.
. Unicelulares
. Pluricelulares.
. Reservam glicogênio.
. Fase assexuada e sexuada.
. Digestão extracorpórea.
. Parede celular com quitina.
Ex.: cogumelos, mofos, bolores, leveduras ...
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os fungos
Amanita (alucinógeno)
Amanita (alucinógeno)
Tuber (trufas)
Champignon
Orelha de pau
Queijo gorgonzola
Aspergilus Levedura
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Basidiocarpo Hifas: prolongamentos citoplasmáticos
contínuos sem membranas de separação.
Micélio: conjunto de hifas.
Principais partes de um fungo pluricelular
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II. CLASSIFICAÇÃO
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1. Zygomycota - Zigomicetos
Hifas cenocíticas.
Formam esporos sexuados – zigósporos.
Não tem corpo de frutificação.
Aquáticos ou terrestres.
Exemplo: Rhizopus stolonifer (bolor negro),
micorrizas...
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2. Ascomycota – Ascomicetos
Hifas septadas.
Formam esporos sexuados (por meiose) – ascósporos.
Corpo de frutificação – ascocarpo.
Exemplo: Leveduras (pães, bebidas alcoólicas, etanol...)
Levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae – unicelular e colonial
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3. Basidiomycota - Basidiomicetos
Hifas septadas.
Formam esporos sexuados – basidióporos.
Corpo de frutificação – ascocarpo.
Exemplo: Cogumelos e orelhas-de-pau.
Basidiósporos
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4. Citridiomicetos
Fungos unicelulares.
Hifas cenocíticas.
Ausência de quitina.
Apresentam flagelos.
Exemplo: Phytophthora infestans
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5. Deuteromycota - Deuteromicetos
Grupo de conveniência
Reprodução desconhecida
Fungos imperfeitos.
Aspergiloma niger
Penicillium notatum
Penicillium chrysogenum Candida albicans
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III. Modo de vida
1. Decompositores ou saprófagos:
Reciclagem da matéria – decomposição
da matéria orgânica juntamente com as
bactérias.
2. Associados – mutualísticos:
O fungo aproveita da nutrição autotrófica
do vegetal e o mesmo libera no solo
nutrientes (decomposição) aproveitados pela
planta.
Trufa (Tuber sp)
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3. Liquens:
Algas associadas aos fungos.
Ferrugem do cafeeiro
4. Parasitas ou patogênicos:
Causam doenças: Em plantas
No Homem – micoses, “sapinho” e
histoplasmose (pulmões).
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IV. Importância
1. Ecológica: Decompositores (reciclagem da matéria).
2. Alimentos: . Queijos:
Gorgonzola Camembert
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Acaricus brunnescens – basidiocarpo do basidiomiceto.
. Champignon:
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. Pão – através da fermentação alcoólica a levedura (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) produz etanol e gás carbônico, este último atua
como fermento).
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3. Bebidas alcoólicas fermentadas: cerveja.
A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae realiza fermentação alcoólica em ambiente anaeróbico
(é anaeróbico facultativo) para a produção da cerveja.
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4. Medicamentos – antibióticos:
. Fleming (1928) obteve o antibiótico penicilina a partir do fungo do
gênero Penicillium, importante no combate as infecções bacterianas.
Esporos – micrografia eletrônica. A descoberta acidental da penicilina.
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V. Perigosos:
Amanita phalloides – cerca de 50g desse cogumelo podem matar uma pessoa de 68kg.
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Amanita muscarina – cogumelo alucinógeno.
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Psilocybe sp – cogumelo alucinógeno que se ingerido provoca danos ao sistema nervoso.
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Claviceps purpurea – fungo parasita do centeio que produz a ergotamina,
substância da qual se extrai em laboratório o LSD (dietilamida do ácido lisérgico).
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Grãos contaminados com o fungo Claviceps purpurea.
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Bolor preto do pão Rhizopus stolonifer.
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Amanita sp
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Amanita pantherina – cogumelo tóxico.