Reflection Seismic
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
Resolution
Introduction
• Seismic Exploration : – Reflection Seismic – Refraction Seismic
Introduction
Introduction
-Good vertical and Horizontal resolution - Sensitive to sharp velocity/density changes
Zero Offset Section
Zero Offset Section
Good, but …
Zero Offset Section
Common Midpoint Stacking
Common Midpoint Stacking
• Two way ver*cal ray path:
• From Geometry:
Common Midpoint Stacking
• From Geometry:
• or
Hyperbola with apex at x = 0
Common Midpoint Stacking
• Or
• Solving fot t
Hyperbola with apex at x = 0
Common Midpoint Stacking
• Solving fot t
• Beda waktu *ba =
Common Midpoint Stacking
• The normal move out (NMO) is defined as the moveout from x = 0 and given by:
Common Midpoint Stacking
Surces and Deconvolution
• Sources: – Hammer – Dinamite – Airgun – Weight Drop – Vibroseis
Surces and Deconvolution
• Sources: – Hammer – Dinamite – Airgun – Weight Drop – Vibroseis
Surces and Deconvolution
• Sources: – Vibroseis
Surces and Deconvolution
Surces and Deconvolution
Surces and Deconvolution
Surces and Deconvolution
Migration • In real cases: – Heterogeneous lateral variation – Sharp interfaces in lateral distribution
Migration
Huygens’ Principle