________________________
Reducing Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project1H Proposal
By
Stephanie Valdivia
A Program Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Public Policy and Administration
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY BAKERSFIELD
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Spring 2017
Copyright
By
Stephanie Valdivia
2017
Program Proposal Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project lH
By Stephanie Valdivia
This thesis has been accepted on behalf of the Department of Public Policy amp Administration by their supervisory committee
Date
Fredrick Plane MP A Date
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my amazing parents for all their love and support throughout my
education Thank you to all my family friends pastors and mentors for cheering me on sending
me encouraging text messages praying for me loving me buying me coffee proof reading my
papers and helping me with google docs but most importantly thank you for believing in me I
would not be here today without Godrsquos grace love and strength My hope for this thesis is to leave
a legacy for the next generation I dedicate my thesis to my younger brother Erik and all my
Discovery Youth students May you ldquolove god love each other amp change the worldrdquo- Pastor Jason
Hanash
Executive Summary
Juvenile recidivism is a current social issue that needs to be addressed Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit an illegal act According
to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Depending on the type of crime
committed and their age juveniles are transferred to detention centers or prison Sadly due to the
lack of transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention
centers they are more likely to re-engage in illegal behaviors increasing recidivism rates
Research indicates that roughly 5650 of juveniles who are released from detention
centers will re-enter a detention center as an adolescent or adult in a three-year increment (Juvenile
Outcome Evaluation Report 2010) The high rates of juvenile recidivism indicate that current
programs available are not working According to research there currently are not many programs
available for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Therefore it is critical to
implement a program that is specifically designed to reduced juvenile delinquency and recidivism
This study proposes the implementation of Project 1H a transitional community based program
specifically designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers to help reduce
recidivism rates Project 1H will consist of three pathways 1) coachingmentoring 2) structured
physical activities and 3) educational assistance with career exploration These three pathways
were created specifically to target the issues of child maltreatment negative social relationships
and negative school participation which are the three main correlations to juvenile delinquency
and recidivism The goal of Project 1H is that each pathway will help juveniles heal from past
experiences find their value and purpose in hopes of reducing juvenile recidivism
Although we cannot completely put an end to juvenile delinquency and recidivism there
are action steps that can be taken to help reduce juvenile recidivism and prevent this issue from re-
occurring These juveniles are the next generation of adults and there needs to be an investment
into their future Project 1H has the potential to help juveniles succeed in life and reduce juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Table of Contents
Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi
Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii
List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii
Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1
Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2
Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3
Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9
Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19
Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20
Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33
Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37
Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
Copyright
By
Stephanie Valdivia
2017
Program Proposal Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project lH
By Stephanie Valdivia
This thesis has been accepted on behalf of the Department of Public Policy amp Administration by their supervisory committee
Date
Fredrick Plane MP A Date
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my amazing parents for all their love and support throughout my
education Thank you to all my family friends pastors and mentors for cheering me on sending
me encouraging text messages praying for me loving me buying me coffee proof reading my
papers and helping me with google docs but most importantly thank you for believing in me I
would not be here today without Godrsquos grace love and strength My hope for this thesis is to leave
a legacy for the next generation I dedicate my thesis to my younger brother Erik and all my
Discovery Youth students May you ldquolove god love each other amp change the worldrdquo- Pastor Jason
Hanash
Executive Summary
Juvenile recidivism is a current social issue that needs to be addressed Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit an illegal act According
to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Depending on the type of crime
committed and their age juveniles are transferred to detention centers or prison Sadly due to the
lack of transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention
centers they are more likely to re-engage in illegal behaviors increasing recidivism rates
Research indicates that roughly 5650 of juveniles who are released from detention
centers will re-enter a detention center as an adolescent or adult in a three-year increment (Juvenile
Outcome Evaluation Report 2010) The high rates of juvenile recidivism indicate that current
programs available are not working According to research there currently are not many programs
available for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Therefore it is critical to
implement a program that is specifically designed to reduced juvenile delinquency and recidivism
This study proposes the implementation of Project 1H a transitional community based program
specifically designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers to help reduce
recidivism rates Project 1H will consist of three pathways 1) coachingmentoring 2) structured
physical activities and 3) educational assistance with career exploration These three pathways
were created specifically to target the issues of child maltreatment negative social relationships
and negative school participation which are the three main correlations to juvenile delinquency
and recidivism The goal of Project 1H is that each pathway will help juveniles heal from past
experiences find their value and purpose in hopes of reducing juvenile recidivism
Although we cannot completely put an end to juvenile delinquency and recidivism there
are action steps that can be taken to help reduce juvenile recidivism and prevent this issue from re-
occurring These juveniles are the next generation of adults and there needs to be an investment
into their future Project 1H has the potential to help juveniles succeed in life and reduce juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Table of Contents
Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi
Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii
List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii
Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1
Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2
Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3
Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9
Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19
Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20
Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33
Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37
Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
Program Proposal Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project lH
By Stephanie Valdivia
This thesis has been accepted on behalf of the Department of Public Policy amp Administration by their supervisory committee
Date
Fredrick Plane MP A Date
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my amazing parents for all their love and support throughout my
education Thank you to all my family friends pastors and mentors for cheering me on sending
me encouraging text messages praying for me loving me buying me coffee proof reading my
papers and helping me with google docs but most importantly thank you for believing in me I
would not be here today without Godrsquos grace love and strength My hope for this thesis is to leave
a legacy for the next generation I dedicate my thesis to my younger brother Erik and all my
Discovery Youth students May you ldquolove god love each other amp change the worldrdquo- Pastor Jason
Hanash
Executive Summary
Juvenile recidivism is a current social issue that needs to be addressed Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit an illegal act According
to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Depending on the type of crime
committed and their age juveniles are transferred to detention centers or prison Sadly due to the
lack of transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention
centers they are more likely to re-engage in illegal behaviors increasing recidivism rates
Research indicates that roughly 5650 of juveniles who are released from detention
centers will re-enter a detention center as an adolescent or adult in a three-year increment (Juvenile
Outcome Evaluation Report 2010) The high rates of juvenile recidivism indicate that current
programs available are not working According to research there currently are not many programs
available for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Therefore it is critical to
implement a program that is specifically designed to reduced juvenile delinquency and recidivism
This study proposes the implementation of Project 1H a transitional community based program
specifically designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers to help reduce
recidivism rates Project 1H will consist of three pathways 1) coachingmentoring 2) structured
physical activities and 3) educational assistance with career exploration These three pathways
were created specifically to target the issues of child maltreatment negative social relationships
and negative school participation which are the three main correlations to juvenile delinquency
and recidivism The goal of Project 1H is that each pathway will help juveniles heal from past
experiences find their value and purpose in hopes of reducing juvenile recidivism
Although we cannot completely put an end to juvenile delinquency and recidivism there
are action steps that can be taken to help reduce juvenile recidivism and prevent this issue from re-
occurring These juveniles are the next generation of adults and there needs to be an investment
into their future Project 1H has the potential to help juveniles succeed in life and reduce juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Table of Contents
Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi
Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii
List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii
Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1
Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2
Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3
Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9
Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19
Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20
Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33
Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37
Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my amazing parents for all their love and support throughout my
education Thank you to all my family friends pastors and mentors for cheering me on sending
me encouraging text messages praying for me loving me buying me coffee proof reading my
papers and helping me with google docs but most importantly thank you for believing in me I
would not be here today without Godrsquos grace love and strength My hope for this thesis is to leave
a legacy for the next generation I dedicate my thesis to my younger brother Erik and all my
Discovery Youth students May you ldquolove god love each other amp change the worldrdquo- Pastor Jason
Hanash
Executive Summary
Juvenile recidivism is a current social issue that needs to be addressed Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit an illegal act According
to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Depending on the type of crime
committed and their age juveniles are transferred to detention centers or prison Sadly due to the
lack of transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention
centers they are more likely to re-engage in illegal behaviors increasing recidivism rates
Research indicates that roughly 5650 of juveniles who are released from detention
centers will re-enter a detention center as an adolescent or adult in a three-year increment (Juvenile
Outcome Evaluation Report 2010) The high rates of juvenile recidivism indicate that current
programs available are not working According to research there currently are not many programs
available for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Therefore it is critical to
implement a program that is specifically designed to reduced juvenile delinquency and recidivism
This study proposes the implementation of Project 1H a transitional community based program
specifically designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers to help reduce
recidivism rates Project 1H will consist of three pathways 1) coachingmentoring 2) structured
physical activities and 3) educational assistance with career exploration These three pathways
were created specifically to target the issues of child maltreatment negative social relationships
and negative school participation which are the three main correlations to juvenile delinquency
and recidivism The goal of Project 1H is that each pathway will help juveniles heal from past
experiences find their value and purpose in hopes of reducing juvenile recidivism
Although we cannot completely put an end to juvenile delinquency and recidivism there
are action steps that can be taken to help reduce juvenile recidivism and prevent this issue from re-
occurring These juveniles are the next generation of adults and there needs to be an investment
into their future Project 1H has the potential to help juveniles succeed in life and reduce juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Table of Contents
Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi
Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii
List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii
Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1
Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2
Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3
Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9
Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19
Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20
Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33
Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37
Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
Executive Summary
Juvenile recidivism is a current social issue that needs to be addressed Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit an illegal act According
to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Depending on the type of crime
committed and their age juveniles are transferred to detention centers or prison Sadly due to the
lack of transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention
centers they are more likely to re-engage in illegal behaviors increasing recidivism rates
Research indicates that roughly 5650 of juveniles who are released from detention
centers will re-enter a detention center as an adolescent or adult in a three-year increment (Juvenile
Outcome Evaluation Report 2010) The high rates of juvenile recidivism indicate that current
programs available are not working According to research there currently are not many programs
available for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Therefore it is critical to
implement a program that is specifically designed to reduced juvenile delinquency and recidivism
This study proposes the implementation of Project 1H a transitional community based program
specifically designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers to help reduce
recidivism rates Project 1H will consist of three pathways 1) coachingmentoring 2) structured
physical activities and 3) educational assistance with career exploration These three pathways
were created specifically to target the issues of child maltreatment negative social relationships
and negative school participation which are the three main correlations to juvenile delinquency
and recidivism The goal of Project 1H is that each pathway will help juveniles heal from past
experiences find their value and purpose in hopes of reducing juvenile recidivism
Although we cannot completely put an end to juvenile delinquency and recidivism there
are action steps that can be taken to help reduce juvenile recidivism and prevent this issue from re-
occurring These juveniles are the next generation of adults and there needs to be an investment
into their future Project 1H has the potential to help juveniles succeed in life and reduce juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Table of Contents
Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi
Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii
List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii
Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1
Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2
Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3
Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9
Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19
Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20
Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33
Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37
Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
occurring These juveniles are the next generation of adults and there needs to be an investment
into their future Project 1H has the potential to help juveniles succeed in life and reduce juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Table of Contents
Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi
Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii
List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii
Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1
Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2
Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3
Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9
Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19
Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20
Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33
Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37
Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
Table of Contents
Acknowledgementshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipi
Executive summary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipii
List of figureshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipiii
Chapter 1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1
Statement of the problemhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip2
Purpose of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip3
Importance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Chapter 2 Review of literaturehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7
Community programs currently availablehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip9
Chapter 3 Program Proposalhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Backgroundhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Project 1H Missionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip19
Project 1H Processhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip20
Project 1H Visionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip18
Chapter 4 Conclusion amp recommendationshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip33
Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip37
Appendiceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 40
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
List of figures
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Stepshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip4
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip25
Figure 3 Project 1H Daily Schedulehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip27
Figure 4 Project 1H Budgethelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip28
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
1 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 1
Introduction
Juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism is a social issue affecting society Juvenile
delinquency refers to adolescents who are under the age of 18 and commit a delinquent act or civil
crime According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Once
juveniles are arrested they are either tried as adults or as a crime suited for their age Depending
on the delinquent act most juveniles are transferred to detention centers or sentenced to
community service programs (Greve 2001) According to The Juvenile Outcome Evaluation
Report for 2010 for the fiscal year of 2004-2005 5650 incarcerated juveniles re-entered a state
level incarceration facility and 4350 were successful and did not return to a detention center or
prison once released
The current juvenile court process in place for juveniles indicates juveniles are either tried
as adolescents or adults depending on the type of crime committed Juveniles are then transferred
to detention centers community service programs or prison depending on the sentencing (Mann
E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) The first juvenile justice system was established in 1899 in Illinois
When the juvenile justice system was originally created their main focus was to educate juveniles
and help them succeed once released from detention centers However over the years due to the
high rates of juvenile crime the juvenile court system changed and began to model the adult prison
system (May Osmond amp Billick 2014) Results indicated that sending juveniles to detention
centers and following the prison model was not an effective measure in reducing juvenile crime
and recidivism
Juveniles are released from detention centers and returned to their previous environment
with little accountability no skills or education on how to properly manage situations such as
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
2 Project 1H Proposal
negative social relationships conflict resolution or peer pressure This increases the possibility of
juveniles re-engaging in illegal behaviors therefore increases the risk of juveniles attending a
detention center for the second time or prison depending on their age and the type of crime
committed Unfortunately juveniles have a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper
transitional community programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers
This program proposal for Project 1H will identify the top the three correlations to juvenile
delinquency and recidivism (1) child maltreatment (2) negative social relationships and (3)
negative school participation As well it will highlight the importance of implementing Project
1H a transitional community based program specifically designed for juveniles who are released
from detention centers
Project 1H is a non-profit 501 (c) (3) transitional community based program purposely
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers in the Kern County area to
help provide proper skills and interventions that will assist in reducing recidivism rates Project
1H focuses on targeting the real issues behind juvenile delinquency by providing three pathways
of interventions (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured physical activities and (3) academic
support with career exploration Project 1H believes it is a priority honor and privilege to have
the opportunity to invest in the next generation of adolescents These juveniles are the future and
it is critical to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism sooner than later
Statement of the problem
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth Statists
indicate 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offense Juveniles engage in risky or illegal behaviors due to several environmental issues
According to Bender (2012) child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
3 Project 1H Proposal
participation are the top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism Juveniles are
not educated about the importance of basic life skills that will help resist engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors Therefore once released from detention centers the cycle of recidivism
continues
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile
delinquency and recidivism through qualitative analysis research to indicate the importance of
implementing Project 1H a transitional community program specifically designed for juveniles
There are currently not many effective community programs available for adolescents once
released from detention centers This study will then indicate the urgency of implementing Project
1H The goal of Project 1H is to provide effective skills that will help juveniles succeed in life and
reduce recidivism rates
Target Population
o Juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referrals
o Probation Officers detention centers parents amp legal guardians and schools
Training amp Curriculum
o Coaching mentoring structured physical activities academics and career
exploration
Staffing amp Administrative plan
o Director Life coaches (10) Physical education coaches (2) Secretary (1) Main leaders
(4) Tutors (14) Budget and Program evaluation
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
Project 1H Proposal 4
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing
plan Programevaluation
plan
Importance of the study
It should be alarming news that about more than 50 of juveniles who are released from
detention centers will re-enter a detention center or prison due to several environmental issues
one being a lack of transitional community programs There are currently a few successful
prevention programs for juveniles such as Project STATUS a school based prevention program
designed to improve junior and senior high school studentrsquos environment reduce delinquency
and dropout rates There is also a life skills training program that helps reduce alcohol cigarettes
and marijuana abuse (Greenwood 2008) These programs have been successful in reducing some
of the environmental issues that correlate to juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates However
these are pre- juvenile delinquency programs not post incarceration programs A successful post
intervention program available for juveniles once released from detention centers is Juvenile
Counseling Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) JCAP has shown major success rates in
reducing the cycle of juvenile recidivism However there continues to be a lack of services
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
5 Project 1H Proposal
available for juveniles once they are released from detention centers which increases the
probability of juveniles engaging in illegal behaviors
The top three correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism are neglect negative
social relationships and negative school participation Project 1H will create a system that helps
juveniles heal from negative environmental issues such as neglect through mentoring from life
coaches Juveniles will also be educated about the importance of positive social skills and how
to create healthy relationships to help increase positive social interactions not just at school but
also in other social environments Juveniles will also have the opportunity to engage in career
exploration and academic support that will increase school participation Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
help juveniles succeed and reduce recidivism rates
According to Greenwood (2008) the difference between successful programs and those
that are not is the approach and techniques of the program Many programs like Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (DARE) Scared Straight and Bootcamps have not been successful
programs due to the lack of a systematic approach Most of these programs instill fear or indicate
that you commit a crime and get sent away When working with juveniles the structure and
system should be analytical and strategic It is critical to not instill fear but create a relationship
with direct lines of communication where juveniles feel they have a voice to express their
opinions questions or concerns Project 1H is different in that it has taken the top three
correlations of juvenile delinquency and recidivism and created a different systematic approach
and provided techniques and interventions that will help target all three correlations to reduce
recidivism
Research indicates juveniles engage in risky behaviors due to child maltreatment neglect
negative school participation and negative social relationships Most issues such as neglect and
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
6 Project 1H Proposal
child maltreatment are caused due to negative parenting However if parents are not willing or
available to seek help themselves it is critical to provide the necessary resources for adolescents
to help them succeed They should not be defined by negative parenting or past experiences
These adolescences are the next generation and it is vital to invest in their future Targeting the
issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism is a team effort from the juveniles themselves the
juvenile court system law enforcement and probation officers family members local schools
and the community The objective of this program proposal is to partner with the community and
establish Project 1H to help reduce the cycle of juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
7 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 2
Literature review
Background Review
Juvenile delinquency has a high rate of recidivism due to the lack of proper community
programs available for juveniles once released from detention centers This paper will focus on
two variables a) correlations to juvenile delinquency and recidivism and b) the importance of
implementing transitional community programs such as Project 1H
Child maltreatment and neglect have shown to be the highest predictors of juvenile
delinquency and the result of recidivism (Bender 2012) Child maltreatment and neglect refers to
a failure of providing everyday necessities such as water food shelter or clothing by parents or
legal guardians (Ryan William amp Courtney 2013) Ryan William amp Courtney (2013) were
interested in identifying the power of neglect on adolescents and the act of recidivism Researchers
asked their participants (juvenile delinquents) for demographic information and engaged them in
a risk assessment Researchers divided their participants scores into three different types of
groups a) delinquency and experienced no neglect b) crossover and experienced some neglect
and c) dually involved reported constant allegations of neglect and had open cases to outside
agencies Results indicated that juveniles who had ongoing cases of neglect had a greater chance
of recidivism due to a lack of family involvement and encouragement
Positive relational bonds are key components in preventing adolescents from entering or
re-entering juvenile detention centers Research by Sander Sharkey Olvarri Tanigawa and
Mauseth (2010) indicates there are significant importance in the relationships between parents
classmates teachers peers and the correlation of reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Adolescence is a challenging age the search for identity and acceptance is desired The more
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
8 Project 1H Proposal
connected adolescents feel towards parents students or teachers the more likely they are to steer
in the right direction and avoid illegal behaviors Having positive social relationships provides
accountability for adolescents Teachers are viewed upon as role models and have the opportunity
to provide a sense of hope and purpose for adolescents Relational bonds between adolescents and
parents are also critical Research by Mincey Maldonado Lacey amp Thompson (2008) studied
the success of juvenile delinquents after they were released from Juvenile detention centers Their
results indicated that having supportive family members and positive role models helped install
purpose and assurance leading to a greater future and reduced the act of recidivism for those
participants involved in the study
School engagement is critical in a juvenilersquos success but negative school engagement can
lead to delinquent behavior Bender (2012) stated the more adolescents are engaged in the class
room and in after school activities the less likely they are to be involved in risky behaviors Sander
Sharkey Olivarri Tanigawa and Mauseth (2010) were interested in identifying the importance
of school participation and the correlation of juvenile delinquency Researchers provided fliers to
all juveniles and their mothers the ages ranged between13 and 17 The participants were from
either Texas or California Juvenile detention centers Researchers were interested in three
different themes such as a) the importance of positive relationships between teachers and
mothers b) not having a father or mother figure and c) school engagement and success in the
classroom Participants and their mothers were placed into two different rooms and were asked a
series of questions relating to school home relationships and how they cope with life events
Results indicated the important roles between parents teachers and school administration and the
increase of the participantrsquos school participation Most adolescents have a difficult time focusing
in the classroom due to their home environment This increases the probability of adolescents
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
9 Project 1H Proposal
isolating themselves and reduce classroom participation The less involved juveniles are in the
classroom the more likely they are to be engaged in risky or illegal behaviors increasing juvenile
delinquency and recidivism rates
Community programs currently available
Community family and school support is essential for students to succeed both in the
school environment but also outside when interacting with parents family members and friends
Families amp Schools Together (FAST) is a community based program that uses an 8-week program
that involves family therapy and a 2 year follow up called ldquoFASTWORKSrdquo This program is
designed for students who are at risk of academic failure and social programs The ages for students
are 5 through 12
The FAST program was developed in 1988 by Dr Lynn Mcdonald FAST was based on
proven theories such as family structure child development and risk resiliency The goal of this
program is to improve the family dynamic prevent substance abuse increase social relationships
increase school participation and increase positive behaviors This program has 15 years of
research to help prove the importance of their interventions and structure of the program This
program has shown great success due to its simplicity and adaptability for diverse cultures
This study was conducted in Virginia Participants in the program were a) Target (special
play) children b) Non-target children and c) Parents guardians Two school sites were utilized in
the study one urban community and one rural community Participants were given a questionnaire
form that was approved by the community sponsors and parenting school Questions pertained to
how effective the FAST program had been Questions were asked in a specific manner to assure
participants did not answer in a socially desirable manner Responses were audio recorded There
were a total of 8 questions asked to student For example ldquowhat did you like most about FAST or
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
10 Project 1H Proposal
has being in FAST changed anything between you and your familyrdquo (p 228) Parents were also
asked a series of questions such as ldquowhat has been most valuable about your FAST experience
and what did you most enjoy about FASTrdquo (p 228) Results were analyzed through Concept
Mapping Target (special play) children reported enjoying the FAST program such as gym time
playing outside and spending time with their family There were also some dislikes such as going
to the library or singing Suggestions made for the program were increasing more free time with
friends adding fun songs and increasing the length of the program
For parentrsquos results indicated improvements in parenting styles Parents were better able
to have self-control in areas such as anger or yelling There were also improvements in studentrsquos
grades children seemed happier and there was a great improvement in both parents and student
communication which created a healthy family dynamic Students were better able to
communicate with peers for example being able to speak up to bullies in a positive manner
Results for Non-target children indicated children enjoyed being active and playing
outside playing games with peers spending time with family members and enjoyed expressing
their feelings Again suggestions for changed included a expanding the length of the program
Results indicated these students had better self-recognition and understood the importance of
positive friendships and communication skills Parents enjoyed spending quality time with their
children and again suggested expanding their sessions and the length of the program
Overall results indicated that the FAST program has been effective in increasing family
communication and creating an effective family dynamic that is healthy and positive Results also
indicated children enjoyed being in the program and expanded their relationships with their
parents Result also indicated children received better grades were able to communicate
effectively with peers and had better self-regulation
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
11 Project 1H Proposal
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) stated that after school sport programs or extra-
curricular activities for students is critical not only in creating a healthy life style but also in
reducing juvenile crime There are several benefits to after school programs for example while in
after school programs juveniles are interacting with other students and engaging in healthy
behaviors They are also monitored by professional In most cases in order to participate in after
school programs juveniles must obtain a certain grade point average (GPA) this is of great benefit
for juveniles because not only are they required to have good grades they also have the opportunity
to build healthy relationships and explore their talents
Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) were interested in identifying the correlation
between extracurricular sports and high risk behaviors Researchers conducted a survey that was
distributed to 175 schools in Los Angeles County neighborhoods and magnet public high schools
Information for schools inquired about sexual transmitted disease (STD) rates age dropout rates
attendance arrest teen pregnancy rates and graduation status Neighborhood demographics
student lunch programs and parent information such as high school and college status was also
inquired
According to Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) results indicated sport programs
have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest According to their study their results indicated that
neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000
youth verses neighborhood schools that provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17
arrests per 10000 youth School programs offered basketball softball volleyball and soccer Sport
programs have also shown not only to improve health benefits but results state that sports also
help juveniles feel valued and explore their potential (Cohen Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007)
Overall their results did not conclude a correlation between STD rates juvenile arrest and teen
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
12 Project 1H Proposal
birth However their results did indicate that the more after school programs offered for juveniles
the less likely they are to engage in risky behaviors therefore reducing crime rates
According to Allen and Bradley (2015) juveniles who are not provided with the proper
rehabilitation interventions are at a greater risk for recidivism once released from detention centers
Delinquency in juveniles is a big indicator for adult crime if not addressed Allen and Bradley
(2015) were interested in identifying the effects of educating juveniles about career counseling
and career development while in residential programs Participants (juveniles in a residential
program) were first asked to complete a demographic form and were then asked to complete a
Career Decision Self-Efficiency Scale form Participants were then randomly divided into two
groups for a 12-week time period a) the control group received cognitive behavioral group
counseling without career component and b) the experimental group experienced career counseling
with cognitive behavioral interventions Results indicated that juveniles who were educated about
careers showed career maturity and increases in self-efficacy These interventions helped juveniles
focus on positive aspects of education in hopes to reduce recidivism
In 2008 over 21 million juveniles in the US were arrested and over 80000 were sent to
juvenile detention centers (Abrams Terry and Frankie 2011) Abrams Terry and Frankie (2011)
were interested in identifying the correlation between the length of community based-reentry
programs and the influence of recidivism rates on whether juveniles re-entered the system as
juveniles or adults Researchers did a cross sectional telephone survey with 76 participants from
the ages of 18-25 These participants had to attend a community based program between the years
of 2002 through 2009 Researchers measured a) recidivism as juveniles b) recidivism as adults
and c) length of community program They also measured education employment fatherhood
and substance abuse Using chi-square and Anova tests results indicated participants who were in
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
13 Project 1H Proposal
community re-entry programs for a longer period of time (23 to 24 months longer) showed lower
conviction rates as juveniles and adults than those who attended a shorter amount of time This
clearly states community programs are an essential tool in the recovery process of juveniles who
have been released from detention centers Results also indicate the importance of the length of
time in which juveniles participate in community programs is essential
Rehabilitation and community programs are a vital necessity for juveniles once released
from detention centers Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) emphasized the
importance of providing readiness programs that involve basic life skills problem solving and
goal setting interventions They also identified the importance of self-efficacy positive
environments and motivation to increase positive behaviors and help juveniles succeed Carroll
Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) were interested in juvenilersquos response to a Mindfields
6-week readiness program Participants were between the ages of 13-17 who are considered ldquoat
risk youthrdquo or who have challenging behavioral issues The program is six weeks The program
consisted of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an ideal self
overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Each session is 2 hours Each
participant had a different experience while in the program Results were measured through
documentation by facilitators and a pre-and post-intervention scores on the Mindfeild assessment
battery
The authors focused on 6 participants and their results For example one of the participants
Mary was 15 and excited to enter the program Mary came from a stable home She had committed
a minor crime but wanted to change Unlike Brain a participant who had a history of child
protection services and was diagnosed with several mental health disorders Brian was more
hesitant about entering the program and changing his life Results indicated both of these
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
14 Project 1H Proposal
participants made progress in different areas such as goal setting or self-regulation Results also
indicated intrinsic motivation was a major contributor that helped juveniles succeed in their
program Readiness and community based programs are vital These programs assist juveniles in
finding their purpose recover from life experiences and find intrinsic value to succeed in life and
reduce juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) first identified a few of the correlation towards
juvenile delinquency and then provide an effective model from the Juvenile Counseling
Assessment Model amp Program (JCAP) They also indicated the importance of providing effective
services for juveniles who have been recently released from juvenile detentions
JCAP indicated that 50 of youth will engage in risky behaviors According to Colhoun
Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) 2 million children amp adolescents in the US were in a juvenile
court system in 1996 The US Department of Justice stated juvenile offenders are a danger to
themselves and to society for example school shootings by juveniles have increased As well
homicide according to the US department of justice is the second leading cause of death between
individuals from the age of 15 through 24 Their research indicates delinquent behavior during
childhood and adolescence is a major issue and is extremely costly For example government will
spend on average per youth 17 to 23 million dollars due to juveniles dropping out of school and
committing crimes
Some juveniles unfortunately have genetic dispositions that they are exposed to which can
lead to juvenile delinquency however behaviors learned and adoption studies have proven that
predispositions alone are not the only factor Their research also indicates that a childrsquos
environment plays a vital role in positive and negative ways Social competence and a lack of life
skills have also proven to lead to juvenile delinquency For example research indicates low social
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
15 Project 1H Proposal
competence poor social skills poor anger management and stress management are correlated to
juvenile delinquency Personality and intelligence are also play a vital role Cognitive issues can
also play a role in juvenile delinquency
According to Colhoun Glaser and Bartolomucci (2001) JCAP model focuses on A)
characteristics of the child B) environment and C) interactions between parents teachers peers
and school setting It is critical to take into consideration ecological family school and
community variables are critical to take into count when looking deeper into juvenile delinquency
Such as who are these juvenile friends what is their family dynamic teacher support and their
neighborhood peers It is important to understand a juvenilersquos perspective on life It is critical to
understand that these adolescents are young and are in search for their identity They are at their
most vulnerable stage of life They are seeking acceptance and due to this they will explore and
engage in negative behaviors
JCAP stated that in order to effectively target the issue of juvenile delinquency it was
critical to focus on the psychological emotional and educational needs of juveniles and their
families who have been recently released from a detention center They collaborated with juvenile
court state department of juveniles regional youth detention centers department of counseling
in college of education and the local community JCAP indicated it is critical to provide juveniles
with group and individual therapy career counseling and family interventions
The JCAP team has provided assistance to about 85000 people Alone each year they
provide service to 120 juveniles from the ages of 9 to 17 in public private or alternative schools
They provide assistance to juveniles for example who are runaways have truancy issues and have
committed felonies such as assault or molestation First juveniles and their parents have a meeting
with a counselor The counselor then conducts a clinical interview and creates a treatment plan on
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
16 Project 1H Proposal
behavior and symptoms along with the juvenile taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory- Adolescent
Overall the JCAP model is proven to be effective in reducing juvenile crime According
to JCAP their results stated 25 of juveniles who leave their program will re-offend and 63 are
successful and do not are-offend It is critical to provide effective techniques that will help
juveniles succeed once released from these detention centers Sadly most of these juvenile have
been rejected and talked down upon by family members friends and teachers It is critical for
society to understand that these same juveniles are the next generation among these juveniles
could be the next president the next football player the next lawyer or teacher These juveniles
have talents and a future if they are given the opportunity JCAP has provided a second chance at
life for these juveniles and their techniques are effective and should be applied to all juvenile
programs
In order to target the issue of juvenile delinquency and recidivism it is critical to identify
the correlations to recidivism and provide a solution There are several environmental issues such
as child maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships and the lack
of proper community programs available for juveniles Many issues are genetic or biological
which are outside of an adolescents control making it challenging to target the issue Although
there may be no changes to their home environment According to research all it takes is one person
or group of people to believe in a juvenile to make a positive impact It doesnrsquot take much effort
to invest in a juvenilersquos academic career or ask them how their day is going The solution to
juvenile recidivism is simple all these juveniles need is someone to believe in them and offer
second chance According to research community programs that are specifically created for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers are vital resources needed in the
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
17 Project 1H Proposal
community There are several programs but the majority are utilized as pre juvenile crime verse
post Therefore it is critical to invest in programs such as Project 1H which is strategically
designed for juveniles who have been released from detention centers Project 1H will create hope
stability and accountability to help juveniles thrive and reduce recidivism rates
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
18 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 3
Program Proposal
The purpose of Project 1H is to provide a solution to juvenile delinquency and recidivism
Project 1H is a transitional community based program specially designed for juveniles who have
been released from juvenile detention centers Project 1H will need the cooperation of several
individuals such as probation officers detention centers parents legal guardians and schools
Project 1H will offer a curriculum with coaching mentoring structured physical activities and
academic support with career exploration Project 1H staff and volunteers will consist of 1 director
10 life coaches 2 physical education coaches 14 tutors 1 secretary and 4 main leaders that will
help monitor and assure student safety All volunteers and staff members will be required to fill
out an application and will be issued background checks The objective of Project 1H is to provide
effective techniques and skills to help juveniles succeed and reduce juvenile recidivism rates in
the Kern County area
Background
According to Harris (2015) in 2015 law enforcement arrested 71923 youth According to
research 5820 were misdemeanorrsquos 2970 were felonies and 1210 were other status of
offenses The three main correlations to juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism are child
maltreatment negative school participation and negative social relationships The purpose of this
program proposal is to provide a solution to the issue of juvenile recidivism Project 1H is a non-
profit transitional community based program purposely designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers The purpose of this program is to help reduce juvenile recidivism
rates by 25 in the Kern County area
Project 1H vision
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
19 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H originated from the phrase ldquoDo for one what you wish you could do for allrdquo
(Personal communication) It is impossible to completely remove juvenile crime and help every
juvenile who is released from a detention center However it is possible to help one juvenile find
their value and purpose in life The reason behind why Project 1H exists is due to the high rates
of juvenile recidivism Statistics indicate about 50 of juveniles who are released from juvenile
detention centers will re-engage in risky or illegal behaviors increasing the probability of juveniles
re-entering detention centers for a second time or prison depending on the age and crime
committed Project 1H believes recidivism rates are high due to juveniles not having the proper
support and necessary resources available to them once released from detention centers There is
currently a minimal amount of transitional community programs available for juveniles once
released from detentions One successful program would be Juvenile Counseling Assessment
Model amp Program (JCAP) This programrsquos success rates indicate 63 of their juveniles who have
been released from their program do not re-offend Project 1H focuses heavily on empowering
guiding and coaching the next generation of adolescents to help them find their passion and
purpose in life Project 1H believes that once an individual finds their purpose and passion for life
they will become world changers
Project 1H mission
The goal of project 1H is to assist in reducing juvenile delinquency and recidivism rates
by 25 in the Kern County area Project 1Hrsquos mission is ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope
one world changerrdquo Our objective at Project 1H is to help juveniles succeed once released from
juvenile detention centers by providing three pathways (1) coaching mentoring (2) structured
physical activities and (3) academic support with career exploration These three pathways will
provide social and psychological techniques that have proven to be effective in other prevention
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
20 Project 1H Proposal
recovery and transitional programs discussed in the literature review Project 1H will be a non-
profit organization with its own 501(c)(3) funding through government grants and donations
Project 1H believes these three pathways will help juveniles find their purpose passion and
identity which will then in return help reduce juvenile recidivism rates
Project 1H process
Project 1H will collaborate with important community leaders such as probation officers
parents legal guardians detention centers and local schools in order to effectively target juvenile
crime as shown in Figure 1 Project 1H action steps Project 1H director and staff will first contact
and collaborate with probation officers and detention centers Probation officers link juveniles to
community programs such as mental health agencies or after school programs The goal is that
Project 1H will be another added resource in the community for juveniles who have been recently
released from detention centers Secondly the Project 1H life coaches will contact and collaborate
with the juvenilersquos family or legal guardians to assure approval of the program explain program
requirements and the objectives of Project 1H Lastly the Project 1H team will collaborate with
local schools in the community to assure these juveniles are succeeding in the classroom The key
in working with these important community figures is unity All of these individuals mentioned
above play a key role in the lives of juveniles once they are released from detention centers Unity
and collaboration among these leaders along with Project 1H team will assist in reducing juvenile
recidivism rates
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
Project 1H Proposal 21
Figure 1 Project 1H Action Steps
Project 1H
Action Steps
Targeting Population
Juveniles recently released
from detention centers
Collaboration amp Referals
Probation officers
Detention centers
Parents and legal
guardians
Local
Schools
Training Curriculum
Pathway 1
Coaching Mentoring
Pathway 2
Structred physical activities
Pathway 3
Academic support career
exploration
Administrative Plan
Budget Staffing plan Program
evaluation plan
Project1H will consist of a series of structured interventions and techniques that have
shown success in increasing school engagement enhance positive social relationships help heal
from negative past experiences and increase basic life skills Project 1H will provide juveniles
with structured and systematic techniques such as mentoring opportunities after school tutoring
social skills groups structured physical activities and career exploration Figure 2 Project 1H
Pathways provides a detailed description of the interventions provided First juveniles will engage
in mentoring classes with life coaches Life coaches will assure juveniles are complying with
probation officer requirements as well as Project 1H requirements
Life coaches play a vital role in the recovery process of juveniles Life coaches are required
to have a bachelorrsquos degree and a life coach certification Life coaches will meet with juveniles
and their legal guardians to create a treatment plan for the 8-month program At the end of the 8
months the life coach adolescent and parent legal guardian will review treatment and evaluate
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
22 Project 1H Proposal
the juveniles progress The outcome of life coaching produces a life transformation Life coaches
will mentor and educate juveniles about the importance of basic life and social skills such as anger
management stress management conflict resolution positive communication skills leadership
development self- regulation time management healthy relationships and healthy boundaries
According to Griffiths (2015) the benefits of life coaching include self-confidence self-
expression self-acceptance lower stress levels improve goal attainment problem solving skills
and better understanding of consequences These life essential skills are needed for people in
general but in particular for juveniles who have experienced neglect and shame As mentioned in
the literature review Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) indicated the importance of
readiness programs that focus on life skills such as self-efficiency and goal setting which increase
participantrsquos motivation and self-regulation Although these juveniles have made mistakes it does
not mean they do not have purpose goals or aspirations in life Unfortunately their life
experiences have caused damage but they are redeemable through coaching and mentoring These
techniques are critical and play a vital role in the recovery process for juveniles who have recently
been released from juvenile detention centers Juveniles tend to lack these basic life skills
especially if they have been in detention centers in the previous months They are in desperate of
need for proper mentoring and coaching to help assist them in re-entering society in a healthy and
proper manner
Project 1H will also provide juveniles with a series of structured physical activities such
as basketball softball volleyball soccer football yoga and boxing Physical activity coaches
may be college students in the process of earning their degrees or graduated with a degree in health
or kinesiology Juveniles will have the opportunity to engage in activities that will help increase
social skills and help juveniles collaborate in teams for one common goal According to Cohen
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
23 Project 1H Proposal
Zonta Vestal amp Schuster (2007) sports programs have shown to help reduce juvenile arrest
According to their study their results indicated that neighborhood schools that provided 13 sports
programs had an average of 309 arrests per 10000 youth verse neighborhood schools that
provided 16 or more programs had an average of 17 arrests per 10000 youth Structured physical
activities provide great opportunities for juveniles to help explore their talents increase confidence
and self-esteem All juveniles in Project 1H are required to participate in structured physical
activities at least four days a week
Juveniles will also be provided with after school tutoring assistance to help improve
academic performance and school engagement There will be a total of 14 tutors who are required
to have 100 or more college unit credits Research indicates that negative school participation
increases juvenile delinquency Therefore providing the necessary resources such as tutoring
assistance will help increase school participation and school engagement Adolescents will also be
provided with other resources to help them succeed in their education such as computer access
pencils paper calculators and other school materials Juveniles that have been released from
detention centers and have missed several months or even years of school Therefore these tools
are essential in helping them move forward towards the path of success Academic and career
support is vital for juveniles once they have been released from detention centers Research from
Moody Kruse Nagel amp Conlon (2008) states that juveniles who have been incarcerated feel
inadequate in the area of education and career exploration Juveniles will be provided with tutoring
services to help assist with homework or any school projects The goal is to help adolescents re-
engage in school and increase school participation School participation is one of the top three
correlations to juvenile recidivism Therefore Project 1H will emphasize academic and career
exploration The goal through tutoring and career exploration is to help juveniles identify their
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
24 Project 1H Proposal
strengths and qualities Project 1H will also offer career exploration and hands on experiences with
local business such as Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing
Solutions Inc
Juveniles will have the opportunity to work with professional local business and churches
as mentioned above where adolescents will learn how to start and manage a business Juveniles
will be mentored from these owners in hopes of empowering and increasing their confidence level
in the business field Project IH will also contract other local professionals to coach and educate
juveniles in other professional skills such as proper attire body posture resume writing and
interview consulting The goal of Project 1H is to help juveniles obtain real world skills such as
resume writing to help them obtain a job after they have completed their 8-month term in the
program All of these skills are essential in the recovery process for juveniles In most cases
juveniles have never been taught how to properly express their thoughts or manage stressful
situations These skills will help increase self-control and behavior regulation These skills are
vital in reducing juvenile recidivism Figure 2 below Project 1H Pathways identifies the three
pathways that each juvenile will participate in
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
25 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 2 Project 1H Pathways
Project 1H
Pathway 2 Physical Activities
Pathway 3 Academic Support Career Exploration
Social life skills
Individual group sessions
Positive Communica tion
Anger Managemen t
Problem Solving
Conflict Resolution
Time Managemen t
Leadership Skills
Basketball Softball Volleyball Soccer Football Yoga Boxing
Education Tutoring Assistance
Resume Writing
Hands on Job Training Skills
Positive Body Language
Interview consulting
Pathway 1 Coaching Mentoring
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices
26 Project 1H Proposal
Project 1H is an after school program strategically designed for juveniles who have been
released from detention centers Project 1H will operate Monday through Friday from 230pm to
600pm Figure 3 below Project 1H daily schedule provides a detailed description of studentrsquos
daily schedule
27 Project 1H Proposal
Figure 3 Project 1H daily schedule
Project 1H Daily Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm- Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Career exploration
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Social Skills Group 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420-520pm-Career exploration 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
230pm-300pm- Free time in the lobby (sign in games reading and etc) 300pm-400pm-Tutoring homework assistance 400pm-420pm-Break (snack is provided at this time) 420pm-520pm-Counseling with life coaches 520pm-600pm-Structured Physical Activity
28 Project 1H Proposal
The requirements for Project 1H include juveniles must be released from a detention
center have a probation officer cannot be under the influence of any drug and have consent from
parents or legal guardian to participate in the program Juveniles have to be committed to the
program and can only miss 13 days out of the 8-month fiscal year unless they have a valid reason
such as illness doctors excuse probation officer excuse or judgersquos note Program maximum limit
is 40 juveniles There will be 10 life coaches 2 physical activity coaches 14 tutors 4 main leaders
1 director1 secretary and 3 local businesses that will help support the program through work
experiences There will also be police officers on call if needed The total annual budget for Project
1H is $524740
Figure 4 Project 1H budget
Project 1H budget
Items Cost
Building helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$88000
4000sq ft building space with a lobby 11 offices meeting area outside court yard Monthly rent $11000
Utilities Facilities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$6500
PGampE ATampT internet and phone services Water
Student Supplieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
20 laptops 2 printers pencils colors paper desks tables chairs sport equipment and etc
Life Coaches (10) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$36000
29 Project 1H Proposal
Part time (Mon-Fri) $2000 per hour x 45hr per day= $1800 per month
Director (1) director helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$25760
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $2300 per hour x7hrs per day= is $3220 per month
Secretary (1)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16800
Fulltime (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x7days per day = $2100 per month
Physical Education Teachers (2)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$17280
Part time (MonWedThurs amp Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1080 per month
Tutors (14)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day= $1350 per month
Main Leads (ML) (4)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $151200
Part time (Mon-Fri) $1500hr x 45 hours per day = $1350 per month
Snackshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip$16000
Water string cheese fruit chips etc $500 a month
Total= $524740
Project 1H will receive funding through government grants and will accept donations from
the community The overall goal of Project 1H is to provide a safe environment for adolescents
30 Project 1H Proposal
where they are held accountable for their behaviors but also provided with resources to effectively
reach the juvenile delinquent population and reduce recidivism Through the three pathways
juveniles are working on increasing school participation increasing positive relationships among
peers and family members as well as providing the proper time to heal from negative
environmental issues For example neglect or child maltreatment which has been one of the three
major correlations to juvenile crime and recidivism
The difference between Project 1H and other programs is the culture and systematic
structure that will be implemented for juveniles Project 1H is strictly created for juveniles who
have been released from detention centers in order to help them succeed and reduce juvenile
recidivism The services provided by Project 1H are not only fun exciting and essential but they
are key techniques that will be taught by individuals who truly believe in investing in the next
generation The goal of Project 1H director and team is to create a culture where juveniles feel
welcomed accepted and valued
Career counseling and mentoring is critical for juveniles Allen and Bradlley (2015)
research indicates that career counseling reduces hopelessness and increases self-esteem self-
knowledge interpersonal skills and autonomy Career counseling helps juveniles understand they
have options and have the potential to succeed in life if they choose Career counseling gives
juveniles hope for a future which increases their interest in school leading to an increase in school
participation The more these juveniles are involved in school or participate in school activities
the less likely they are to engage in negative or risky behaviors Project 1H will provide juveniles
with life coaches that will explore career opportunities with local business and non-profits such as
Studio Prints Discovery Church Coffee Shop and California Staffing Solutions Inc Through
these businesses juveniles will have the opportunity to have real life experience in the business
31 Project 1H Proposal
field Juveniles will also have the opportunity to partake in classes such as resume writing and
proper communication skills to better prepare juveniles when applying for jobs once they have
completed the program
According to Carroll Ashman Brower and Hemingway (2013) research indicates
readiness for change programs increase motivation self-efficacy problem solving and goal
directedness Intrinsic motivation is critical in the recovery process for juveniles Readiness for
change programs consist of a series of classes such as life mapping and taking control towards an
ideal self overcoming obstacles building strengths and looking forward Results indicated
participants made progress in many areas such as goal commitment and self- regulation Project
1H will provide juveniles with life coaches that will assist in skill building techniques to help
increase problem solving skills anger management positive communication and other essential
skills Through these life skills juveniles will be better prepared to manage difficult life situations
Readiness and transitional community based programs are vital in reducing juvenile recidivism
The process of gathering data to assure a program is efficient and effective takes a
substantial amount of time therefore the goal is to gather and monitor the program through
statistical data in a three-year increment For example gathering data regarding the number of
juveniles who have entered Project 1H in 2017 from the Kern County area As well as gathering
the number of juveniles who were released from a detention center in 2017 but did not enroll or
participate in any community or transitional programs There will also be a follow up check by life
coaches for each juvenile every 6 months after completing the program Project 1H team will
measure the success rate of juveniles in a three-year increment and determine whether Project 1H
was able to reduce recidivism rates in the Kern County area by 25 Project 1H will also document
what areas juveniles have been most successful in for example completing high school going to
32 Project 1H Proposal
college and having a job to demonstrate who successful Project 1H pathways have been for
juveniles The goal is to have a reduction in statistical data between juvenile delinquency and
recidivism rates in order to prove this program is efficient and effective and is targeting the
objective of reducing juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism
Greenwood (2008) stated successful programs can reduce drug use dropout rates anti-
social behaviors and juvenile delinquency Currently the state can spend up to billions of dollars
on juveniles in the process of arrest prosecution and incarceration Their budget is also the fastest
growing A great question to be asked is what would It look life if instead of investing all this
money into the prison system or the process of arrest we invest in community programs for
juveniles who have been recently released from detention centers
Project 1H is a positive alternative program that will reinforce healthy behaviors Project
1H will be a program that leaves a legacy and changes the lives of many juveniles In this program
juveniles will explore their talents which produce passion These juveniles have been labeled and
stereotyped by society They are told they will to be drug addicts convicted felons poor or work
in low paying jobs These stereotypes prohibit juveniles from succeeding Project 1Hrsquos hope is to
re-ignite a passion and help these juveniles find their purpose through our three pathways It is
critical to remember these juveniles have experienced traumatic experiences that have shaped their
perspective and values of life but there is hope ldquoone juvenile one passion one hope one world
changerrdquo- Project 1H
33 Project 1H Proposal
Chapter 4
Conclusions amp Recommendations
In conclusion transitional community programs such as Project 1H that are specifically
designed to reduce juvenile recidivism rates are a vital necessity Society as a whole is affected by
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Greenwood (2008) stated ldquoSaving youth from delinquency
saves them from wasted livesrdquo (p186) If we do not invest in juveniles with a history of delinquent
behavior their risk for drug use dropout rates early pregnancy and recidivism as adultrsquos increases
drastically Juvenile delinquency goes far beyond just a crime its critical to understand the motive
of why juveniles would engage in risky behaviors such as murder stealing vandalizing or rape
These juveniles are the next generation and it is critical that parents legal guardians community
leaders probation officers detention centers and local schools invest in their future It is vital for
adolescents to understand discipline is necessary and there are consequences to negative or illegal
behaviors However detention centers alone are not the solution to manage or decrease juvenile
crime and recidivism rates
Greenwood (2008) noted that creating more juvenile prevention programs can save the
state and tax payers money if the number of juvenile delinquents decreases the probability of
adult crime will decrease therefore money expectancy for prisons will also decrease Research
indicates child maltreatment negative social relationships and negative school participation have
shown to increase juvenile delinquency and the act of recidivism Research also indicates there are
not many transitional community programs available for juveniles who have been released from
the detention centers Although we cannot change a juvenilersquos home environment it is possible
to provide effective community programs and provide resources for adolescents to help them
succeed in life Although there are limitations to Project 1H it is a great starter program Providing
34 Project 1H Proposal
juveniles with transitional programs yes can save taxes payers money but it is should be our duty
to rise educate and encourage the next generation to excel and dream big We live in a society
where the sky really is the limit but sadly these juveniles donrsquot know another way of life or donrsquot
have the resources available to see far beyond their current situation Project 1H is not just a
transitional community program Project 1H was designed to bring hope and a way out of juvenile
recidivism
Recommendation 1 sex and health education A program that offers coaching academic
assistance career exploration and sex health education would be of great benefit for juveniles
Research recommendation one is to educate adolescents about the risks of engaging in unprotected
sex such as teen pregnancy rates and sexual transmitted disease rates (STD) Adolescences is a
time of exploration but for juveniles who have been in detention centers and have not had proper
social encounters the risk of engaging in risky or illegal behaviors could be higher than that of an
adolescent who has not been in a detention center Some of the dangers of engaging in risky or
illegal behaviors could result in having an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 16 or having an STD
These sexual encounters will forever change the lives of adolescents It also important to take into
consideration educating adolescents about the importance of personal hygiene It is also important
to take into consideration that most juveniles may have experienced neglect and have never been
taught or educated about the importance of their health It is also important to remember these
juveniles were in detention centers where hygiene and taking care of themselves was not a priority
Therefore it is important to educate juveniles about the importance of having regular doctor check
uprsquos eye exams and going to the dentist A suggestion would be adding a health and sex education
pathway to educate adolescents about the severity of engaging in sexual activity and the severe
consequences that follow
35 Project 1H Proposal
Recommendation 2 provide parenting classes for juvenilersquos parents or legal guardians It
is critical for parents and legal guardians to understand the challenges that their son or daughter
will encounter once they have been released from a detention center For example the transition
process of re-engaging with society and their peers can be very challenging for juveniles Parenting
classes would be beneficial for parents to help them explore new parenting methods to help create
a healthy home environment Parenting classes that offer helpful tips and solutions to address
adolescent issues such as rebellion anger management depression suicide gang violence drug
or alcohol use rape abuse neglect and healthy communication skills would be of great benefit
Parenting a child who has been released from a detention center or has a history of delinquent
behavior can not only be challenging for the adolescents but also the parents There is a transitional
period that requires both parents and juvenile efforts Therefore adding a parenting class pathway
would be extremely beneficial for juveniles and their family
Recommendation 3 gang prevention When juveniles are released from detention centers
they are at a very vulnerable state Some juveniles will have a support system that will help re-
engaging with society while others will not They will seek acceptance and this may include
becoming a member of a gang in their community Therefore it is important to educate juveniles
about the seriousness of becoming a gang member They should also offer action steps for juveniles
who are currently in a gang and what are the proper steps of removing themselves from the gang
as well as the proper steps of deterring from those types of social relationships
Recommendation 4 collaborate and partner with the juvenile justice system and detention
centers to better offer programs for juvenile while they are in detention centers Partnering with
these key figures would make the transition process for juveniles a lot easier It would be beneficial
36 Project 1H Proposal
for juveniles to learn basic life and coping skills that would help assist in making wiser decisions
once released from detention centers
Recommendation 5 collaborate with other states that have been successful in reducing
juvenile recidivism rates and have efficient juvenile delinquency and recidivism programs Due to
the limited time given it is impossible to identify every juvenile program that is currently active
in helping decrease juvenile recidivism Therefore it is critical to continue doing research on other
programs not just in Kern County or California but other countries as well It is important to
identify how effective and efficient their programs have been in decreasing juvenile crime and
then help implement such programs in Kern County
The objective of Project 1H is to help juveniles understand that yes they committed a
crime but their life still has purpose Through each pathway Project 1H hopes to empower the
next generation of adolescents The goal is to also help educate key community leaders such as
probation officers school educators and city council members about the correlations that lead to
juvenile delinquency and recidivism Although there are limitations to Project 1H the purpose is
to be one step closer to saving a life and reducing juvenile recidivism
37 Project 1H Proposal
References
Abrams L S Terry D amp Franke T M (2011) Community-based juvenile reentry services
The effects of service dosage on juvenile and adult recidivism Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation 50(8) 492-510
Allen K amp Bradley L (2015) Career Counseling with juvenile offenders Effect on self-
efficacy and career maturity Journal of addictions and offender counseling 36(1) 28-42
Alltucker KW Bullis M Close D amp Yovanoff P (2006) Different pathways to juvenile
delinquency characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously
incarcerated youth Journal of Child and Family Studies 15(4) 475-488
Barrett DE Katsiyannis A Zhang D amp Zhang D (2014) A structural equation modeling
analysis of influences on juvenile delinquency Behavior Disorders 39(3) 113-127
Bender K (2012) The mediating effect of school engagement in the relationship between youth
maltreatment and juvenile delinquency Children amp Schools 34(1) 37-48
Calhoun G B Glaser B A amp Bartolomucci C L (2001) The juvenile counseling and
assessment model and program A conceptualization and intervention for juvenile
delinquency Journal of Counseling amp Development 79(2) 131-41
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (August 16th 2010) 2010 Juvenile
Justice Outcome Evaluation Report Youth Released from the Division of Juvenile Justice
in Fiscal Year 2004-05 Retrieved from
httpwwwcdcrcagovReports_ResearchdocsRecidivism20ReportFY040520FIN
ALDJJpdf
38 Project 1H Proposal
Carroll A Ashman A Bower J amp Hemingway F (2013) Readiness for change Case
studies of young people with challenging and risky behaviors Australian Journal of
Guidance amp Counselling 23(1) 49-71
Cohen D A Taylor S L Zonta M Vestal K D amp Schuster M A (2007) Availability of
high school extracurricular sports programs and high-risk behaviors Journal of School
Health 77(2) 80-86- use for lit review
Fearnow-Kenney M Hill P amp Gore N (2016) Child and parent voices on a community-
based prevention program (FAST) School Community Journal 26(1) 223-238
Greenwood P (2008) Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders Future of
Children 18(2) 185-210
Greve W (2001) Imprisonment of juveniles and adolescents Deficits and demands for
developmental research Applied Developmental Science 5(1) 21-36
Griffiths K (2015) Personal coaching Reflection on a model for effective learning Journal of
Learning Design 8(3) 14-28
Harris K D (2015) Juvenile Justice in California California Department of Justice
Information Service Division Bruere of Criminal Information amp Analysis Criminal
Justice Center Retrieved from
httpsoagcagovsitesallfilesagwebpdfscjscpublicationsmiscjj15jj15pdf
Juvenile Law Center 1315 walnut street 4th floor Philadelphia PA 19107
httpjlcorgnews-roommedia-resourcesyouth-justice-system-overview
Mann E A amp Reynolds AJ (2006) Early interventions and juvenile delinquency prevention
Evidence from Chicago longitudinal study Social Work Research 30(3) 153-167
39 Project 1H Proposal
May J Osmond K amp Billick S (2014) Juvenile delinquency and prevention A literature
review Psychiatric Quarterly 85(3) 295-301
Mincey B Maldonado N Lacey C H amp Thompson S D (2008) Perceptions of successful
graduates of juvenile residential programs Reflections and suggestions for
success Journal of Correctional Education 59(1) 8-31
Moody B Kruse G Nagel J amp Conlon B (2008) Career development project for
incarcerated youth Preparing for the future Journal of Correctional Education 59(3)
231-243
Lauren Kirchner (December 11 2014) The Cost of juvenile incarceration Pacific Standard
httpspsmagcomthe-cost-of-juvenile-incarceration-d149dadf02c8
Rodriguez N (2005) Restorative justice communities and delinquency whom do we
reintegrate Criminology amp Public Policy 4(1) 103-130
Ryan JP Williams A B amp Courtney M E (2013) Adolescent neglect juvenile delinquency
and the risk of recidivism Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42(3) 454-465 DOI
101007s10964-013-9906-8
Sander J B Sharkey J D Olivarri R Tanigawa D A amp Mauseth T (2010) A qualitative
study of juvenile offenders student engagement and interpersonal relationships
Implications for research directions and preventionist approaches Journal of Educational
amp Psychological Consultation 20(4) 288-315
Smith CA (2008) Juvenile delinquency An introduction Prevention Researcher 15(1)3-7
Tsui JC (2014) Breaking free of the prison paradigm Integrating restorative justice techniques
into Chicagorsquos juvenile justice system Journal of Criminal Law amp Criminology 104(3)
634-666
CSU Bakersfield Academic Affairs Mail Stop 24 DOH Room 108
9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield California 93311-1022 Office of Grants Research and Sponsored Programs (GRaSP)
Chandra Commuri PhD Department of Pub6c Administration
Scientific Concerns
Anne Duran PhD Department of Psychology
Scientific Concerns
Steven Gamboa PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
NonscientificHumanistic Concerns
Grant Herndon Schools Legal Sefvke
Community IssuesConcerns
Roseanna McCleary PhD Masters of Social W011lt
Scientific Concerns IRBIHSR Chair
Colleen McGauley MPA Community IssuesConcerns
Exeartive Director CASA of Kern County
Nate Olson PhD Department of PhiVRel Studies
Nonscienti ficHumanistic Concerns
Isabel Sumaya PhD Department of Psychology
R~W~rch EtlliC$ Review Coordinator and IRBIHSR Secretary
James Velasquez MSW ASW Ke m County Mental Health
Community ConcernsIssues
(661) 654-2231 (661) 654-3342 FAX wwwcsubedu
Institutional Review Board for Human Subjects Research
Date 26April2017
To Stephanie Valdivia Public Policy amp Administration
cc Thomas Martinez Public Policy amp Administration
Roseanna McCleary IRB Chair
From Isabel Sumaya Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Subject Protocol17-60 Not Human Subjects Research
Thank you for bringing your Protocol17-60 Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism Project 1 to the attention of the IRBHSR On the form Is My Project Human Subjects Research7 you indicated the following
I want to iliterview survey systematically observe or collecf other data from human subjects for example students in the educational setting No
I want to access data about specific persons that have already been collected by others [such as test scores or demographic infomnation) Those data can be linked to specific persons (regardless of whether I will fink data and persons in my research or reveal anyones identities) NO
Given this your proposed project will not constitute human subjects research Therefore it does not fall within the purview of the CSUB IRBIHSR Good luck with your project
If you have any questions or there are any changes that might bring these activities within the purview of the IRBIHSR please notify me Immediately at (661) 654-2361
Thank you
Isabel Sumaya Univers~y Research Ethics Review Coordinator
Tilt Colifonole Slate UnivotSity middot Bakersfield middot Channel Islands middot Chico middotllaminguez Hills middotEast Bay middot Fresnomiddot Fullertonmiddot Humboldt middot long Beachmiddot los Angeles middot Maritime Atademy Monblrey Bay bull Northridge middot Pomona bull Sacramef1to bull San Bernardi no bull San Diego middot San Francisco middot San Josa bull San luis Obispo bull San Marcos bull Sonoma bull Stltgtnislaus
40 Project 1H Proposal
Appendices