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Recycled Waste in Concrete
This presentation was created thanks to the support of FRVŠ
project 915/2013 B1d „Tools for teaching design of concrete
and masonry structures in English“
Ing. Vladimíra Vytlačilová, PhD.
2013©vv, CTU in Prague
Recycled materials in the building industry
• Application of recycled materials in the building industry is
important for sustainable development and keeping of
primary sources of each country.
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Terminology
• Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are aggregates produced
by the crushing of original concrete (inorganic material previously
used in construction and principally comprising crushed
concrete).
• Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is concrete produced from
recycled aggregates or a combination of recycled and
conventional aggregates such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone.
Sometimes is referred to as new concrete. RCA is obtained from
crushing demolished concrete structures, discarded precast
elements and unused hardened concrete.
2013©vv, CTU in Prague
Terminology
• Construction and demolition waste are waste materials which
arise from the construction or demolition of buildings and/or civil
engineering infrastructure, including hard C&D waste and
excavation waste, whether segregated or mixed. Could be broken
concrete, bricks, masonry, soil, asphalt, tiles, wood, plastic, metal
a.o. from demolished buildings.
• Recycled concrete (RC) or concrete rubble (CR) is hardened
(old) concrete that has been processed for reuse, usually as
aggregates. It has been demolished and removed from
pavements, bridges, foundations, or buildings and crushed into
various sizes for reuse.
• Recycled masonry or brick (RM) or masonry rubble (MR) is old
masonry from building that has been processed for reuse, usually
as aggregates. It contains a certain amount of mortar debris.
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Waste hierarchy
• The waste hierarchy is a classification of waste
management options in order of their environmental impact
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Construction and Demolition waste (C&DW)
• Construction and Demolition waste constitutes a major
portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most
of it is used in land fills
Quarter to third of the weight of all produced waste
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Effective way to reduce the CDW
• The most effective way to reduce the waste problem in
construction is agreed in implementing reuse, recycling and
reduced the use of a construction material in construction
activities.
Construction& Demolition Waste
Recycling Reprocessing Reuse Relocation
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Life cycle of building products
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Benefits of Recycling
• Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and
incinerators
• Conserves natural resources such as timber, water, and
minerals
• Prevents pollution by reducing the need to collect new raw
materials
• Saves energy
• Reduces greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to
global climate change
• Helps sustain the environment for future generations
• Helps create new well-paying jobs in the recycling and
manufacturing industries
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Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste
• Construction waste occurs on account of building
constructions and building renovations,and results from
surplus material (excess supplies), damaged or broken
material, cut-off pieces, processing waste, dismantled
shuttering.
• Demolition waste can result from natural disasters
(earthquakes;vandalism and other man-made events;
accidents (impact, explosions,fires, collapse of weak
structures); or from the demolition of built structures
(including roads,bridges, etc.) for renovation or complete
removal or renewal.
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Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste
• Concrete,
• Masonry
• Metal
• Hazardous Materials
• Wood
• Glass
• Paper
• Cardboard
• Drywall
• Plastic
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Recycling centre
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Crushing and screening plant
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Recycled aggregates
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Recycled aggregate
• Masonry rubble
Fraction: 0/4 mm, 0/8 mm, 0/22 mm, 0/32 mm
• Concrete rubble
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Increasing amount of
concrete and masonry waste in
the CR
~1600 [kt]/ Year 2010 – Masonry waste
~1200 [kt]/ Year 2010 – Concrete waste
Only very little recycled aggregate
is used for structure in building industry.
~ 22-27% from total production of building waste
Recycled aggregate Motivation - Recycling
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Recycling in the Czech Republic
• Mostly recycled materials come from the recycled waste of
bricks, concrete, asphalt, mixed building waste, various
types of aggregates and soil.
• There are more then 200 recycling centers (static and
mobile) and deposits, in the Czech Republic which process
construction and demolition waste.
• The total yearly capacity of all the recycling centers in the
Czech Republic is about 7.5 million tons, which is 50 %
more than the actual production of recycled materials.
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Recycling in CR
• The Association for development in recycling of building
materials (ARSM) summarizes the yearly output C&DW
since 1999.
• Since 2007 summarizes the yearly data of waste inclusive
construction and demolition waste the Czech Environmental
Information Agency (CENIA). This agency files the
information of waste management in database ISOH.
• Between 2002 and 2006, the data were administered by the
T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, a public research
institution – the Waste Management Centre.
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Recycling in the Czech Republic
Total production of crushed demolition waste in recycling
centers in the Czech Republic
(in thousand tons)
1549
1996
1616
1392
17111664
1409
990
589488
1155
1611
11121233
994
385
12551014
615
467
834788
653546
963766 761
861 919
1340
1313
602
1815
899
1108
11631132
1224
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
Tota
l pro
duction [kt]
Masonry [ARSM]
Concrete [ARSM]
Masonry [CENIA]
Concrete [CENIA]
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Technological criteria
Technical criteria
Organizational criteria
Economical criteria
Legislative criteria
Ecological criteria
Material criteria
Socio - cultural criteria
RE
CYC
LI
NG
Criteria in recycling process
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Waste PET bottles
Fibres cut from waste PET bottles:
• tensile strength ~ 50 – 80 MPa
• length ~ 60-90 mm
• width ~ 1-2 mm
PET bottles waste problem PET bottles waste
Fibres to fibre reinforced concrete
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Fibre reinforced concrete from masonry rubble
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Use of recycled concrete
Concrete Blocks
Source:http://www.eliteprecast.co.uk