READ!
Unit 4: Learning and Cognition
Chapter 6: Learning
Warm up 03/11● What does it mean to learn?
Classical Conditioning● Learning
○ Relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
● stimulus - produces reaction● response - reaction● conditioning - learning
● Ivan Pavlov○ mouth watering in dogs○ rang a bell when feeding dogs○ dogs started to salivate when the bell
was rung
Classical Conditioning
● US, UR, CR, and CS○ unconditioned stimulus - dog food○ unconditioned response -salivating
dog○ conditioned response - salivating to
bell○ conditioned stimulus - bell causing
salivating○ neutral stimulus - bell without dog
food
Classical Conditioning
● Adaptation○ taste aversion
■ learned aversion to a particular food■ getting sick eating candy corn and not
wanting to eat it again
○ extinction■ Loss of receptivity to the CS If the US is not
presented .
Classical Conditioning
● Adaptation ○ spontaneous recovery
■ Extinction ceases and the organism begins to respond to the CS with the presentation of the US.
■ the appearance of a formerly extinguished response, following a rest period.
Classical Conditioning
● Adaptation○ Generalization
■ responding to similar stimulus the same way
○ Discrimination■ not responding to similar stimulus in the
same way
Classical Conditioning
● Application○ Flooding
■ exposed to stimulus for long time to get rid of fear
○ systematic desensitization■ relaxation techniques while confronted
with a frightening stimulus
○ counter-conditioning■ pleasant stimulus with a fearful one
Classical Conditioning
● Create a four panel comic that depicts an act of classical conditioning○ must be original
■ no Pavlovian dogs or examples I’ve given
○ must be colored○ Panel 1 = neutral stimulus○ Panel 2 = Unconditioned Stimulus and
Response○ Panel 3= Neutral and Unconditioned
Stimulus paired○ Panel 4 = Conditioned Stimulus and
Response
Classical Conditioning Comic
● stimulus● response● conditioning
○ classical & operant● unconditioned
stimulus● unconditioned
response● conditioned response● conditioned stimulus● taste aversion● schedule of
reinforcements● continuous
reinforcement ● observational
learning
Chapter 6 Vocab - Learning● extinction● spontaneous recovery● generalization● discrimination● flooding● systematic
desensitization● counterconditioning● reinforcement● primary & secondary
reinforcers● partial reinforcement● shaping● latent learning
Warm Up 11/22● Is learning permanent? Why or why
not?
● How are you rewarded when you do something right?
● How are you punished when you do something wrong?○ Consider school, home, work, etc.
Warm Up 03/12
● learning from the consequences of your actions○ voluntary responses rather than
biological reactions● B.F. Skinner
○ Project Pigeon■ Pigeons guide missiles to targets■ given treats for hitting the correct target
Operant Conditioning
● Reinforcement○ “Skinner Box”○ reinforcement is anything that could
increase a wanted behavior
Operant Conditioning
● Types of Reinforcers○ Reinforcer - anything that encourages a
behavior to happen again○ Primary Reinforcers
■ keep people alive■ food, water, shelter
○ Secondary Reinforcers■ money, attention, social approval, etc.
Operant Conditioning
● Types of Reinforcers○ Positive
■ given something that you want■ food, money, praise, etc.
○ negative■ take away something that you don’t want■ don’t have to do chores, homework, etc.
Operant Conditioning
● Rewards○ positive reinforcements
● Punishment○ positive - give something unpleasant
■ spanking, chores, lecture, etc.
○ negative - take away something you want■ cell phone, car, etc.
○ not as effective as reinforcements
Operant Conditioning
1.Warm ups2.sleep survey3.questions about meditation, BFT, &
Hypnosis4.Pavlov Comic
● Groups of 4● Write and perform a skit
○ 1 positive reinforcement○ 1 negative reinforcement○ 1 positive punishment○ 1 negative punishment
● turn in scripts after you present
Skit
READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!
READ!
● Do you think punishments or rewards are more effective? Why?
Warm Up 03/13
● Schedules of Reinforcement○ Continuous - reinforcing behavior every
time it happens○ partial - reinforcing the behavior some
of the time○ interval - time passes between
intervals
Operant Conditioning
● Schedules of Reinforcement○ ratio - behavior must happen a certain
# of times between reinforcements■ fixed-ratio - set amount of behaviors■ variable-ratio - can happen at any time
Operant Conditioning
● Extinction○ repeated performance of behavior
without reinforcement
Operant Conditioning
● What we think of as learning…● Latent learning
○ not all learning is reinforced○ knowledge can be dormant until you
need it
Cognitive Learning
● Observational Learning○ learning by watching others○ Albert Bandura
■ Social Learning theory■ Bobo doll experiment■ children more likely to replicate violent
behavior when they see an adult do it
Cognitive Learning
● Observational Learning○ Violence in the Media
■ contributing factor to aggression■ emotional desensitization■ higher tendency to commit violent acts■ Do you buy it? Do video games make kids
more violent?
Cognitive Learning
Dance it out
● Individually, pick the schedule of reinforcement that you think would work the best for teaching behaviors.
● Think of an example of this schedule, then draw a picture of your example as if it were being posted to instagram.○ color it (you can even choose a “filter”
if you want)○ Give it a caption○ Get your classmates to like it?
Schedules...
• Have you been successful in school?• Do you think you learn in school?
Warm Up 10/15
● How did you learn to drive?● How did you learn to read?
Warm Up 10/14
● Preview○ getting some idea about the subject
before you learn● Question
○ becoming an active learner○ set goals of what you want to learn
■ ask specific questions about those goals
PQ4R Method
● Read○ with the purpose of answering your
questions● reflect
○ relate old and new info● recite
○ repeating info ● Review
○ look back over what you learned
PQ4R Method